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In the USA, a millwright is a craftsman or tradesman engaged with the construction and maintenance of machinery. More generally in the English speaking world, early millwrights were specialist carpenters who erected machines used in agriculture, food processing and processing lumber and paper. In the early part of the Industrial Revolution, their skills were pressed into service building the earliest powered textile mills.

Modern millwrights work with steel and other materials in addition to wood and must often combine the skills of several skilled trades in order to successfully fabricate industrial machinery or to assemble machines from pre-fabricated parts. The modern millwright must also be able to read blueprints and other schematics to aid him in the construction of complex systems. Millwrights are frequently unionized^{[citation needed]}, although experienced millwrights often set themselves up as independent contractors.

History

A millwright originally was a specialized carpenter who had working knowledge of driveshafts, bearings, gearing and mechanical belts . The "mill" in millwright refers to the genesis of the trade in building flour mills, sawmills, paper mills and fulling mills powered by water or wind.

A number of prominent early-modern civil engineers originally trained as millwrights, including James Brindley, John Rennie and William Fairbairn.

The modern millwright

A millwright today is someone who maintains or constructs industrial machinery for assembly lines, pumping stations and other utilities, print shops, steel mills, oil refineries, assembly plants, mining, power stations, and other industries employing fixed heavy machinery.

General duties

Millwrights are usually responsible for the unassembled equipment when it arrives at the job site. Using hoisting and moving equipment, they position the pieces that need to be assembled. Their job requires a thorough knowledge of the load-bearing capabilities of the equipment they use as well as an understanding of blueprints and technical instructions. Rigging and thorough safety is taught through training classes at all Union Training Centers.^{[citation needed]}

Millwrights must be able to read blueprints and schematic drawings to determine work procedures, to construct foundations for and to assemble, dismantle and overhaul machinery and equipment, using hand and power tools and to direct workers engaged in such endeavors. The use of lathes, milling machines and grinders may be required to make customized parts or repairs. In the course of work, millwrights are required to move, assemble and install machinery and equipment such as shafting, precision bearings, gear boxes, motors, mechanical clutches, conveyors, and tram rails, using hoists, pulleys, dollies, rollers, and trucks. In addition, a millwright may also perform all duties of general laborer, pipefitter, carpenter, and electrician. A millwright may also perform the duties of a welder, such as arc welding, mig welding, tig welding and oxyacetylene cutting.

Millwrights are also involved in routine tasks, such as lubrication of machinery, bearing replacement, seal replacement, cleaning of parts during an overhaul and preventitive maintenance.

Millwrights also must have a good understanding of fluid mechanics (hydraulics and pneumatics), and all of the components involved in these processes, such as valves, cylinders, pumps and compressors.

Modern standards of practice for millwrights also require working within precise limits or standards of accuracy, at heights without fear; the use of logical step-by-step procedures in work; planning, solving problems and decision-making based on quantifiable information.

Millwrights are trained to work with a wide array of precision tools, such as vernier calipers, micrometers, dial indicators, levels, gauge blocks, and optical and laser alignment tooling.

Areas of specialty

A typical job description for an industrial maintenance mechanic (millwright) often includes the primary purposes of installing, maintaining, upgrading and fabricating machinery and equipment according to layout plans, blueprints, and other drawings in industrial establishment.

Millwrights by nature of their profession have to be extremely well versed in many aspects of construction/demobilization. They may install a conveyor system at an airport one week and the following week work at an Industrial wastewater treatment plant.

Millwrights in the power generation industry assemble, set, align and balance turbines/rotors. Millwrights also perform critical lifts involving major components to be flown level at up to and within .005” (5 thousandths of an inch). Because of their training and expertise, Millwrights are generally chosen to work on tasks associated with flying and setting heavy machinery.

Millwrights are also in demand as teachers for vocational programs, both at the high school level and in post-secondary institutions. Many high schools feature fabrication courses that include metal work, where the experience of a qualified millwright is valuable. Often, these millwrights are paid a premium based on their years of field experience.

A high percentage of true millwrights join unions^{[citation needed]}. Those with a high level of skill often start their own businesses as independent contractors.^{[citation needed]}

Training

Most millwrights are educated through apprenticeship programs where they receive a combination of classroom education along with a good deal of on-the-job training. Most programs last about four years, and may include college degrees. Apprentices are usually paid a percentage of the average millwright's wage, and this percentage increases with experience.

Training courses received by a Union Millwright:^{[citation needed]}

Shaft alignment
Field machining
Rigging
Welding
Steel Fabrication
Conveyor systems
Steam Turbine installation
Gas Turbine installation
Blueprint basic, intermediate and advanced
Safety basic, intermediate and advanced
Labor history
Associates degree classes

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Globalize |date = July 2010|discuss=Talk:Millwright#Globalize }}
-A '''millwright''' is a [[Master craftsman|craftsman]] or [[tradesman]] engaged with the construction and maintenance of [[machine]]ry.
+In the USA, a '''millwright''' is a [[Master craftsman|craftsman]] or [[tradesman]] engaged with the construction and maintenance of [[machine]]ry.
-Early millwrights were specialist [[carpentry|carpenters]] who erected machines used in [[agriculture]], [[food processing]] and processing [[lumber]] and [[paper]].  In the early part of the [[Industrial Revolution]], their skills were pressed into service building the earliest powered [[textile mill]]s.
+More generally in the English speaking world, early millwrights were specialist [[carpentry|carpenters]] who erected machines used in [[agriculture]], [[food processing]] and processing [[lumber]] and [[paper]].  In the early part of the [[Industrial Revolution]], their skills were pressed into service building the earliest powered [[textile mill]]s.
 Modern millwrights work with [[steel]] and other materials in addition to [[wood]] and must often combine the skills of several skilled trades in order to successfully fabricate industrial machinery or to assemble machines from pre-fabricated parts.  The modern millwright must also be able to read [[blueprints]] and other [[schematics]] to aid him in the construction of complex systems.  Millwrights are frequently [[trade union|unionized]]{{fact|date=March 2012}}, although experienced millwrights often set themselves up as [[independent contractor]]s.