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==Observatory==
==Observatory==
Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire is the "host town" of the [[Haute-Provence_Observatory]], a nationally ranked facility. It is considered, by many astronomers, to be the best European low-altitude (400 meters) observatory in operation. There is also an astronomy centre for educational purposes. It hosts students of elementary schools for brief stays (1–2 weeks) during the year and organizes theme nights of combined sky observations and expositions/debates on different themes.
Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire is the "host town" of the [[Haute-Provence_Observatory]], a nationally ranked facility. It is considered, by many astronomers, to be the best European low-altitude (400 meters) observatory in operation. There is also an astronomy center for educational purposes. It hosts students of elementary schools for brief stays (1–2 weeks) during the year and organizes theme nights of combined sky observations and expositions/debates on different themes.


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{{AlpesHauteProvence-geo-stub}}
{{AlpesHauteProvence-geo-stub}}

{{ See homonyms | Saint -Michel }}

{{ Infobox Commune of France
| Name = Saint -Michel l'Observatoire
| Coat of arms = Blason Saint -Michel- lObservatoire.svg
| Caption = shield Saint -Michel l'Observatoire # Heraldry
| Image = Saint -Michel- de- Observatory Church St. Michel.JPG
| Caption = Tower of the church of Saint -Michel Saint- Michel l'Observatoire
| Region = [[ Provence -Alpes -Côte d'Azur ]]
| Department = [[ Alpes-de -Haute- Provence ]]
| District = [[ District of Forcalquier | Forcalquier ]]
| Canton = [[ Canton of Forcalquier | Forcalquier ]]
| Insee = 04192
| Cp = 04870
| Mayor = André Peta
| Term mayor = [[ French Municipal Elections 2008 | 2008]] - [[ 2014 ]]
| Intercomm = [[ Cuadrilla de Haute Provence ]]
| Longitude = 5.71666666667
| Latitude = 43.9105555556
| Alt = 386 min
| Alt = max 767
| Area = 27.78
| Population = {{{{ Last municipality population of France }}
| = [[ Last census of people of France | date}}
| Demonym = Saint- Michelois
}}

''' Saint -Michel l'Observatoire ''' is a }} Common ( France ) | French commune ]] , located in the [[ French department | department ]] of [[ Alpes-de -Haute- Provence ]] and [[ French region | area ]] [[ Provence -Alpes -Côte d'Azur .]]

After a major rural exodus, this municipality has regained its population in the 1850s (more than {{ convert | 1000 }} inhabitants). It has preserved its rich heritage : [[ Heritage ( Culture) | heritage]] built the [[ Middle Ages ]] and Modern Times (chapels, churches, towers , mill ), [[ natural heritage ]] (forest, fields and river ), [[ agriculture ]] . A [[ tourism ]] was developed in the territory included in the [[ regional park in France | Regional Natural Park ]] of [[ Massif du Luberon | Provence .]] The [[ Observatory of Haute- Provence ]] is located on the town , with entertainment but also an ongoing scientific research.

The [[ gentile | name of its inhabitants ]] is St. Michelois <ref name="tresor"/> {{ ,}} {{cite web <ref>
| url = http://www.habitants.fr/habitants_saint-michel-lobservatoire_04192.html
| title = Residents of Saint -Michel- Observatoire
| . habitants.fr website = }} </ ref> .

==Geography==
[[File : Map FR common INSEE code 04192.png | thumb | left | alt = elementary Map showing the boundaries of the town , neighboring towns , vegetation zones and roads | Saint -Michel l'Observatoire and common neighbors ( '' Click on the map to access a large map with the legend '') .]]
St. Michael was chosen as the location of the [[ Observatory of Haute- Provence ]] site, about 600 meters north . The village is located at {{ unit | 543 | }} m altitude <ref name="La Torre"/> . The rock Guerin rises to 767 meters in the municipality .

The neighboring towns of Saint -Michel- Observatoire are [[ Revest des Brousses ]], [[ Mane (Alpes -de -Haute- Provence ) | Mane ]], [[ Dauphin (Alpes -de -Haute- Provence ) | Dauphin ]], [[ Saint -Martin- les-Eaux ]], [[ Villemus ]], [[ Reillane ]] and [[ Aubenas- les-Alpes .]]

[[File : Luberon topographic map- logo.png | thumb | left | The territory of [[ Luberon Regional Natural Park ]]]]
The village is located in the [[ Regional Natural Park of Luberon .]] The town is one of the seventy -seven Member States of the [[ Luberon Regional Natural Park ]] , park extending from [[ Cavaillon ]] in the west to the [[ Durance ]] to is on two departments and eighty-five public and {{ convert | 185145 }} hectares. To the south, overlooking the Luberon Basin [[ Durance ]] and [[ Aigues country .]]

The town has two main villages , Saint -Michel and Lincel and several hamlets including the Craux , and quite a few differences .

===Geology===
{{ related article | Geology of the Alps }}
[[File : Massif des Alpes map- fr.svg thumb | Massif des Alpes and location of the Monts de Vaucluse and baronies .]]
The territory lies on the eastern edge of [[ Vaucluse Mountains ]] , between several major geological formations of the Alps <ref> Maurice Gidon [ http://www.geol-alp.com/gap_digne/_general_gap_digne/sudsasse_accueil.html the links Digne ] very schematic map showing the relationship between the ranges of eastern baronies (north half ) and those of Digne ( south half) , with the foreland of the Digne nappe ( western part ) . </ ref>
* The [[ Lure Mountain ]] in the northwest;
* The Durance fault southeast in the valley ;
* The [[ Valensole ]] east : Basin [[ molassic ]] of [[ Miocene ]] and [[ Pliocene ]] composed of clastic sedimentary rocks ( deposits related to the erosion of the mountains appeared to [[ Oligocene ]] ) .
* Luberon south .

===Hydrology===
The town is bisected by a river <ref> {{ Link Saint- Michel- Observatoire | author = | year = | publisher = City Directory | accessdate = }} </ ref> The [[ Largue (Alpes -de -Haute- Provence ) | Largue ]] <ref> {{ Link X15- 0400 the river Largue | publisher = [[ PIKE ]]}} </ ref> , a tributary of the [[ Durance ]] . This , flowing north , forms the southern boundary , makes a bend to the north -west and west along the municipal boundary . To the east, two streams, the Rimourelle and Répétier <ref> IGN </ ref> flow to the southeast in parallel valleys.

===Climate===
{{Details | Climate Alpes-de -Haute- Provence }}

Saint -Michel- Observatory is located in Haute Provence , its climate is like [[ Mediterranean climate ]] interior to [[ summer]] s hot and dry ; against by the [[ winter ]] s are fresh and marked by frequent frosts . The [[ Mistral (wind) | mistral ]] sometimes blows , although the town is sheltered by the [[ Lure mountain .]] It may be more exposed to [[ Levant ( wind) | Rising ]] or [[ Sirocco ]], which rarely occur . On average , the [[ temperature ]] stood at {{ tmp | 12 | C }} with an average maximum of {{ tmp | 21.4 | ° C }} and a minimum of {{ tmp | 4.3 | ° C }} . The [[ temperature ]] s average nominal maximum and minimum recorded are {{ tmp | 28.2 | ° C }} in [[ July ]] and {{ tmp | -0.4 | C }} in [[ December ]] and [[ January ]] . The [[ sun ]] means is {{ convert | 2755 }} hours per year with a peak at 343 hours [[ July ]] . The [[ rain ]] s total 854 millimeters for the year, inequitably distributed with an average of {{ Unit | 34 | mm }} in [[ July ]] and more than {{ Unit | 100 | mm }} in [[ October ]] .

The weather stations near the village of Saint -Michel- Observatoire are , in order of proximity , those of the astronomical observatory , and that of [[ Dauphin (Alpes -de -Haute- Provence ) | Dauphin ]] < ref name = " climatheque "> Météo- France , "[ http://climatheque.meteo.fr/aide/climatheque/reseauPostes/txt/metadon_sud-est.txt Network stations Southeast ] " Climathèque '' '' accessed March 11, 2013 </ ref> .

{{ -}}
{{ Weather Statement
| title = Dauphin Weather Statement
| source = Weather Station Dauphin ( France Weather Data 1971-2005 ) {{ reference to confirm | <ref> {{ Link Weather Dauphin | publisher = MSN Weather }} </ ref> }}
| chart = yes

<- PART A : AVERAGE TEMPERATURE , HUMIDITY AND SUNSHINE ->
< - average minimum temperature (° C) ->
| January - tmin = -0.4
| - February tmin = 0.6
| - March tmin = 2.5
| - April tmin = 4.8
| May tmin = 8.5
| Jun - tmin = 11.6
| Jul - tmin = 14.6
| Aug - tmin = 14.5
| - September tmin = 11.3
| - October tmin = 7.5
| - November tmin = 3.2
| tmin - December = 1.2
| Playing tmin = 6.7

< - average temperature (° C) ->
| Tmoy -jan = 4.3
| Tmoy - February = 5.2
| Tmoy - March = 7.2
| Tmoy - April = 10.0
| Tmoy May = 14.3
| Tmoy -Jul = 17.7
| Tmoy -jul = 21.4
| Tmoy - Aug = 21.0
| Tmoy - sep = 17.1
| Tmoy - October = 12.5
| Tmoy - November = 7.5
| Tmoy -dec = 5.1
| Tmoy -ann = 12

< - average maximum temperature (° C) ->
| - January tmax = 8.3
| - February tmax = 9.8
| tmax = 13 -Mar
| - April tmax = 15.3
| May tmax = 20.1
| tmax -Jul = 23.8
| tmax -jul = 28.2
| tmax - Aug = 27.7
| tmax - sep = 23.0
| - October tmax = 17.5
| - November tmax = 11.8
| tmax -dec = 9.1
| Playing tmax = 17.3

< - PART B : PRECIPITATION ->
< - monthly precipitation (mm ) ->
| prev = 75 -Jan
| prev = - February 80
| prev = 60 -Mar
| prev = - April 83
| prev = May 76
| prev = 52 -Jul
| prev = Jul - 34
| prev = Aug - 63
| prev - September = 82
| prev - October = 103
| prev - November = 82
| prev - December = 64
| prev -ann = 854
}}

<center> '' ' Climate Data Weather France 1971-2005 <ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/index.php?s=07588&aff=details | title = Monthly Climate Data Archive - Saint -Auban (1961-1990) | publisher = Infoclimat }} </ ref >'' ' </ center>
{{ Météo_France
| City = Saint- Michel l'Observatoire
| 2755 = SoleilVille
| PluieVille = 854
| = 9 NeigeVille
| = 32 OrageVille
| = 6 BrouillardVille
}}

===Transport===
The village of Saint -Michel- Observatory is at the intersection of [[ County Road Network France | county roads ]] {{ nobr | RD 5 }}, {{ nobr | 55}}, {{ nobr | 205 }} and {{ nobr | 305 }} . The town is bisected by the {{ nobr | RD 4100 }} , former [[ National Highway 100 .]]

The train stations are [[ Gare de Manosque - Gréoux -les-Bains | Manosque - Gréoux -les-Bains ]] to {{ unit | 12 | km }} and [[ Station Brillanne - Prayer | Prayer - Brillanne ]] to {{ unit | 14 | km }} , both the [[line Perrache - Marseille -Saint- Charles (via Grenoble) .]] A line of railway passes south of the town .

''' Distance major French cities '''

The orientation and location of Saint -Michel- Observatoire over some large French cities are given in the following table. Distance as the crow flies <ref name="annumairie"> {{ en }} {{cite web | url = http://www.annuaire-mairie.fr/mairie-saint-michel-l-observatoire.html # neighbors | title = Distance between Saint -Michel l'Observatoire and the biggest French cities | author = | year = | publisher = city directory | accessdate = }}
</ ref>
<center>
{ | Class = " wikitable "
| -
! City
| Style = "vertical -align : bottom; width: 70px ; text-align : center; " | [[ Marseille ]]
| Style = "vertical -align : bottom; width: 70px ; text-align : center; " | [[Nice ]]
| Style = "vertical -align : bottom; width: 70px ; text-align : center; " | [[ Montpellier ]]
| Style = "vertical -align : bottom; width: 70px ; text-align : center; " | [[ Lyon]]
| Style = "vertical -align : bottom; width: 70px ; text-align : center; " | [[ Toulouse ]]
| Style = "vertical -align : bottom; width: 70px ; text-align : center; " | [[ Bordeaux ]]
| Style = "vertical -align : bottom; width: 70px ; text-align : center; " | [[Strasbourg ]]
| Style = "vertical -align : bottom; width: 70px ; text-align : center; " | [[ Paris ]]
| Style = "vertical -align : bottom; width: 70px ; text-align : center; " | [[ Nantes ]]
| Style = "vertical -align : bottom; width: 70px ; text-align : center; " | [[ Rennes ]]
| Style = "vertical -align : bottom; width: 70px ; text-align : center; " | [[ Lille ]]

| -
| Distance
course
| 74 km
| 127 km
(S -E )
(S )
| 152 km
(S -O )
| 217 km
( N)
| 345 km
(O )
| 512 km
(O )
| 543 km
( NS )
| 610 km
( N)
| 678 km
(N -O )
| 737 km
(N -0 )
| 775 km
( N)
| }
</ center>

===Natural and technological risks===

None of the 200 communes of the department is in a seismic risk area . The [[ canton of Forcalquier ]] which Saint -Michel l'Observatoire ( low seismicity ) " ddrm39 " belongs is in zone 1b according to deterministic classification of 1991, based on [[ earthquake ]] s history < ref name = / > , and zone 4 ( medium risk) according to the classification probability EC8 2011 <ref name="prim"/> . The Saint- Michel l'Observatoire is also exposed to three other natural hazards <ref name="prim"/> :
* Forest fire;
* Flood ;
* Landslide : the community is almost entirely covered by a random medium high <ref name="ddrm37"/> .

The Saint- Michel l'Observatoire is more at risk of technological origin , the transport of hazardous materials by rail, road and pipeline <ref name="ppr"/> . These are mainly transport to and from the factories Arkema [[ Château- Arnoux -Saint- Auban | St. Auban ]] and Sanofi [[ Sisteron ]] <ref name="ddrm74"/> . The [[ county road network France | Departmental ]] {{ nobr | RD 4100 }} (former [[ National Highway 100]] ) can be borrowed from road transport of dangerous goods <ref name="ddrm80"/> .

None [[plan risk prevention ]] natural predictable ( PPR ) exists for the common <ref name="ppr"/> and [[ File municipal information on the major risks | DICRIM ]] exists not <ref name="dicrim"/> .

The town is very often be stopped natural disaster of floods and mudslides ( [[1986]], [[1987]], [[1990]] twice , [[1994 ]] with in more landslides , [[1998]], [[2001]] and [[2011 ]] <ref name="prim"/> . 's earthquake [[ Lambesc ]] , June 11, 1909 was strongly felt in the town , with a macro - seismic intensity felt on V [[ scale Medvedev - Karnik Sponheuer | MSK scale ]] ( sleepers awake, falling objects ) <ref name="brgm"/> {{ ,}} <ref name="brgm130057"/> .

==Planning==

===Housing===
Saint -Michel- Observatoire were 687 housing units in [[2007 ]] ( against 626 in [[1999 ]] ) . The old buildings are much more present than the average [[ France | French ]] in [[2007 ]] , 39.4 % of primary residences predated [[1949]] . However, the town has a large deficit constructions of [[ 1950 ]] to [[ 1980 ]] can be explained by the [[ exodus ]] .

The main homes represent 488 units or 71.0 % of the fleet (61.5 % in 1999) spread to 87.5 % in detached houses ( 88.3% in 1999) and 11.8% in apartments (6, 9% in 1999 ) ( respectively 56.1% and 42.4 % in France ) . 77.8% of homes have 4 main rooms and more <ref> {{ Link 2007 in Saint -Michel- Observatoire | year = | publisher = [[National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies | Insee ]]}} </ ref> . Owners of their housing is 65.9% against 27.1% of the inhabitants are tenants ( respectively 57.4% and 39.8 % in France ) .

The average number of bedrooms is 4.6 for houses and apartments las 3 .

==Toponymy==

Provencal name of Saint -Michel l'Observatoire , '' Sant Micheu - l'Òusservatòri '' is a retranslation from the French name, and is not derived from the name Provence who write '' Sant Micheu '' <ref name="blanchet24"> Ph. Blanchet, Opcit {{ }}, {{ p. }} 24 </ ref> .

The Priory Ardenne ( cited as the '' Ardenna '' in [[ 1274 ]] ) , and the nearby castle , take their name from a root [[ Celtic | Celtic ]] '' * '' - hard , meaning high : it is indeed at the top of a hill , and near a ravine <ref name="Fénié-41"/> {{ ,}} <ref name="blanchet16"> Philippe Blanchet, '' small dictionary of place names in Provence '' , Montfaucon , contemporary Books , 2003 (ISBN 2-905405-22-8 ) , p {{ . }} 16 </ ref> .

Lincel appears in charters in [[ 1251 ]] as '' Laudoncelli '' and '' of Lixello '' in 1274, '' '' or '' Launcello Lancello '' in [[ 1351 ]] ) is derived from '' Lavincellu '' a variant of the basic pre-Latin '' * '' l -av used to designate a <ref name="Fénié-29"/> slope .

== History ==
{{ related article | History of Alpes-de -Haute- Provence }}

===First human settlements===
The territory of the municipality is attended to [[ Paleolithic ]] ( discovered Aurifeuille , The Nouvenière , Gayol ) and the Chalcolithic <ref> {{ Collier -Haute- Provence }} p 9 </ ref> . September [[ oppidum ]] s have been identified on the territory of the commune <ref> Geraldine Berard, '' Archaeological Map of Alpes-de -Haute- Provence '' , Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres , Paris , 1997 428 </ ref> .

In [[ ancient ]] , the territory of the municipality is part of the [[ Sogiontiques ]] ( '' Sogiontii '') , whose territory extends from the south of [[ baronies ]] to [[ Durance ]] . The Sogiontiques are federated to [[ Voconces ]] , and after the Roman conquest, they are attached with them to the [[ Roman province ]] of [[ Gaul Narbonne | Narbonne .]] In the second century {{ }} , they are detached from Voconces and form a '' [[ civitas ]] '' distinct, with its capital Segustero '' '' ( [[ Sisteron ]] ) < ref name = " beaujard " / > . The [[ domitienne ]] passed over the town , a [[ Ford ]] Gallo-Roman is recognized in the valley Reculon <ref> Geraldine Berard, '' Archaeological Map '' Opcit {{ }} , p 429 < / ref> . Traces of [[ water ]] were also found <ref> Geraldine Berard, '' archaeological '' }} {{ Opcit Map , p 430-432 </ ref> .

===Medieval===
[[File : Map provence 1125.png | thumb | In 1125 , the territory is part of [[ County of Forcalquier ]].]]
While the south- east of Gaul was a land [[ Burgundians | Burgundian ]] , king of [[ Ostrogoths ]] [[ Theodoric the Great ]] conquered the region between the [[ Durance ]] , the [[ Rhône (department) | Rhône ]] and [[ Isere (department) | Isère ]] in [[510 ]] . The town depends briefly again to Italy until [[ 526 ]] . In order to reconcile with the Burgundian king [[ Gondemar III]] , the Ostrogothic regent [[ Amalasontha ]] makes him the territory <ref name="Becker-Piriou"/> .

The village appears for the first time in the charters in the eleventh century {{ }} ( '' Castrum Saint Michaelis ,'' in reference to holy [[ Michael ( archangel ) | Michael ]] [[ Archangel ]] {{ <ref> TGF3 }} , § 28491 , p 1630 </ ref> ) , then it is a fortified village <ref name="La Torre"/> . The Saint -Michel (current tallest church in the village) and royalties church attached to it are given in [[ Ganagobie Abbey ]] {{ <ref name="archeo-provence"/> the tenth century }} , before moving to the twelfth century {{ }} in [[ abbey of Saint -André Villeneuve-les -Avignon .]] The abbey also had a rural church in Saint -Jean- de- muskets , which previously belonged to [[ abbey of Saint -Victor de Marseille | Saint- Victor de Marseille ]] <ref> Barruol Guy , Michele Wood , Yann Codou , Marie- Pierre Estienne , Elizabeth Sauze , "List of religious institutions under the Saint- André of Xe {{ }} to {{ }} thirteenth century ," '' in '' Guy Barruol , Roseline Bacon and Alain Gérard ( eds.) , '' the abbey of Saint -André Villeneuve-les -Avignon , history, archeology , radiation ,'' Proceedings of the interregional Symposium held in 1999 to mark the millennium of the founding of the Saint André Villeneuve-les -Avignon , Ed. Alps Enlightenment Salagon Papers No. 4, Mane , 2001 , 448 p. {{ ISSN | 1254-9371 }}, {{ ISBN | 978-2-906162-54-9 }} , p 227 </ ref > {{ ,}} <ref name="archeo-provence"/> and the priory ardenés . The Hospitality Avignon there had the Ardène chapel ( founded in [[ 1209 ]] ) {{ <ref name="AHP"> Historical Atlas of Provence }} , p. 197 </ ref> , the Chapel of St. Paul depended on [[ Carluc ]], and then the Sainte -Madeleine reported to the [[ chapter of canons | Chapter]] of [[ Forcalquier ]] < ref name = " archeo - provence "/> .

The fief of Saint -Michel belongs to the family [[ family Agoult | Agoult ]] ( XIV {{e }} to {{e} XVIII centuries } ) and Marin (XVII {{e }} century ) < ref name = " AHP " /> . The stronghold is detached Silvabelle <ref> Baratier , Duby & Hildesheimer , Opcit {{ }} , p. 201 </ ref> . The community was under the [[ Viguerie ]] of [[ Forcalquier ]] <ref name="archeo-provence"/> . Audibert Reillanne was coseigneur Saint- Michel <ref> Poppe Reillane , p.64 </ ref> .

The Priory ardenés held a hospice for travelers <ref name="archeo-provence"/> . An abbey was abandoned in the thirteenth century {{ }} .

===Modern Era===
In [[ 1511 ]] , people sue the [[ insect ]] s that devastate crops before [[ officialdom ]] . It condemns the insects disappear.

===Contemporary Era===
Saint -Michel merged with [[ Lincel ]] in [[ 1973 ]] , shared that during the [[ French Revolution | Revolution ]] has a [[ political club | Patriotic Society ]] , established in late 1792 <ref> Patrice Alphand " Popular Societies " '' the Revolution in the Basses-Alpes '' Annales de Haute-Provence , bulletin of the scientific and literary society of the Alpes- de-Haute- Provence, No. 307 , {{ 1 }} quarter 1989 { 108 } year {e} , p 296-298 </ ref> the company of Manosque, and anti-political society called '' '' <ref> Patrice Alphand Opcit {{ }} , p 311 </ ref > . Approximately 80 % of the male population frequent <ref> Patrice Alphand Opcit {{ }} , p 320 </ ref> . To follow the decree of the [[ National Convention | Convention]] of [[ October 16 | 25 vendémiaire ]] [[ 1793 | Year II ]] inviting towns with names that recall the memories of the kingdom of [[ feudalism ]] or superstitions , to replace them with other denominations , the town changed its name to '' Mont- Michel Charles Bouyssi <ref> '' , '' Municipalities and parishes Auvergne '' , available online at 2002 [ # http://charles.bouyssi.free.fr/pr_20_1.htm d_04 ] , accessed November 18, 2008 </ ref> .

Along with the rest of France , the town lost men at the front during [[ World War I ]] . In addition, [[ exodus ]] massif occurs from 1856 to 1936. The population decline and reached 2 /3. In 1937, Saint-Michel was chosen for the implementation of the Observatory of Haute- Provence, and changed its name to that used this system leads to a new population dynamics.

During the [[ World War II ]] , the department was occupied by Italy in 1942 - 1943 and then by Nazi Germany until August 1944 . The [[ landing in Provence ]] and various bombing allowed a gradual release of the area.

The town has experienced during the second half of the twentieth century {{ }} significant growth, which has reduced its level of population before the rural exodus. Tourism has developed.

==Administration==
===Municipal Administration===
Because of its size , the town has a council of 15 members ( Article L2121 -2 [[General Local Authorities Code ]] {{ Link <ref> members of the council of Commons | publisher = Legifrance }} </ ref> ) . During the [[ French Municipal Elections 2008 | 2008 election ]] , there was only one round and Andre Peta was elected alderman in the first round with the twelfth total of 312 votes, or 50.65 % the votes cast. The turnout was 82.46 %. He was then appointed mayor by the city council <ref> {{cite web | url = municipal elections in 2008 in Saint -Michel Observatory | linternaute.com website = }} </ ref> .

===List of mayors===

{{ magnifier | History Mayors of France }}

The mayoral election is an innovation of the [[ French Revolution | Revolution of 1789 .]] In [[ 1790 ]] to [[ 1795 ]] , the mayors are elected by suffrage for 2 years. From 1795 to 1800 there was no mayor, the town simply designated a municipal official who was delegated to the [[ municipality ( French Revolution) | City of Canton ]] .

In 1799-1800 , the [[ Consulate (History of France ) | Consulate ]] returned to the election of mayors, who were then appointed by the central government. This system was maintained by the following schemes, with the exception of the [[ Second Republic ( France ) | Second Republic ]] ( 1848-1851 ) . After maintaining the authoritarian system , the [[Third Republic ( France ) | Third Republic ]] by liberalizing the law of 5 April [[ 1884 ]] the administration of Commons: the [[ City Council ]] , elected by universal suffrage , elects the mayor from among its members .

{{ ÉluDébut | title = List of successive mayors }}
Elected {{ | = Start | End = | ID = | party = | Quality }}
{{ Elected | Start = March 2001 | End = reelected in 2008 <ref name="pref08"/> | ID = André Peta | party = | Quality }}
ÉluFin {{ }}

Latil André , Deputy Mayor of the town associated Lincel , is one of 500 elected officials who sponsored the candidacy of [[ Bruno Megret ]] ([[ National Republican Movement | MNR ]] ) in [[ French Presidential Election 2002 | 2002 presidential election ]] <ref> [ http://parrains2002.free.fr/parrainsdep.php Referrals 2002 presidential election ] , accessed July 28, 2010 </ ref > {{ ,}} { <ref> { Lgifrance | base = Official Gazette | issue = CSCX0200760K | text = List of citizens who presented the candidates for the election of the President of the Republic of 2002}} </ ref> .

===Taxation===
{ | Rules = "all" cellspacing = "0" cellpadding = "4" style = "margin : auto; border: 1px solid # 999 border-right : 2px solid # 999 border-bottom : 2px solid # 999 ; background : # fff ; "
| + Style = "font-weight : bold; font-size: 1.1em ; margin-bottom: 0.5em " | The taxation of households and businesses in Saint- Michel l'Observatoire in 2009 <ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.taxe.com/index-impots-departement-commune ~ 04192.html | title = local taxes in Saint- Michel l'Observatoire | publisher = taxes.com }} </ ref>
| - Style = " background: # adcdf1 "
! Tax ! Communal hand ! Share intercommunal ! Departmental Share ! Regional share </ small>
| -
| [[ Housing tax ]] (TH) | | align = center | 4.52% | | align = center | 30.30% | | align = center | 5.53% | | align = center | 0 00 %
| -
| [[ Property Tax | Property tax on buildings ]] ( TFPB ) | | align = center | 10.20% | | align = center | 8.94% | | align = center | 14.49% | | align = center | 2.36%
| -
| [[ Property Tax | Property Tax on undeveloped ] properties ] ( TFPNB ) | | style = "text -align : center; " | 40.52 % | | align = center | 31.79% | | align = center | 47.16 % | | align = center | 8.85%
| -
| [[ Business tax ]] (TP ) | | align = center | 0.17% | | align = center | 6.37% | | align = center | 10.80% | | align = center | 3.84%
| }

Regional share of housing tax is not applicable .

The business tax is replaced in 2010 by the [[ land premium business ]] (CFE ) on the rental value of the property and the [[ contribution to the added value of companies]] ( CAVE ) (both forming [[ territorial economic contribution ]] ( CET) is a [[local taxes ]] established by [[ budget Act ]] for 2010 <ref name=loifin2010> {{ Lgifrance | base = Official Gazette | issue = BCFX0921637L | text = Law No. 2009-1673 of 30 December 2009 2010 Finance }} ( Lgifrance ) </ ref> ) .

===Administrative and legal bodies===
<div style="float:right;">
{{ Start }} map [[Image : {{ Geolocation / Europe | image}} | 200px | Location of sister cities Saint -Michel l'Observatoire .]]
{{G | Europe | 43.9105555556 | 5.71666666667 | Saint -Michel l'Observatoire | City | 14 | no}}
{{G | Europe | 41.81667 | 12.71667 | Monte Porzio Catone | City | 14 | E }}
{ Map } { End }
</ div>
Saint- Michel l'Observatoire is one of the ten towns of [[ canton of Forcalquier ]] , totaling {{ convert | 13675 }} people in [[2008 ]] . The township is part of the [[ district of Forcalquier ]] from {{ Date | 17 | February | 1800 }} and [[ second district of Alpes-de -Haute- Provence .]] Saint -Michel Observatory is part of the canton of Forcalquier since 1801 after being part of the canton of [[ Reillane ]] from 1793 to 1801 <ref name="Cassini"/> . The town is part of the [[ Jurisdictional ( France ) | jurisdictions ]] of [[ District Court ( France ) | instance]] of [[ Forcalquier ]] of [[ industrial tribunal ( France ) | prud'hommale ]] of [[ Manosque ]] and [[ high Court ( France ) | instance ]] of [[ Digne- les-Bains ]] <ref> {{cite web | url = http :/ / www.cdad-alpesdehauteprovence.justice.fr/adresses-utiles/rubrique/id/48|titre=Les judicial courts of the Alpes- de-Haute- Provence | publisher = [[ Department of Justice and Liberties ( France ) | Ministry of Justice and Freedom ]]}} </ ref> .

===Pairing===
Saint -Michel l'Observatoire is twinned with {{ link <ref> Italian cities | site = globalarmenianheritage - adic.fr }} </ ref>

* {{ Match | Monte Porzio Catone | Italy }} , which is a town of about {{ convert | 9000 }} inhabitants, located in the [[ province of Rome ]] in [[ Italy Region | Region ]] of [[ Lazio ]] , central Italy .

{{ clr }}

==Population and Society==

===Demographics===

The [[ rural exodus France | exodus ]] led , as elsewhere in the department , a significant loss of population. It went from {{ convert | 1028 }} hab. in 1856 to 374 in 1936. Population growth then resumed , the town has recovered and exceeded the level of historical population in [[ 2000 ]] with {{ convert | 1089 }} inhabitants in 2007.

{{ Demographics
| Title = Demographic Trends
| = Common charter
| Columns = 10
| Notes = [[ Population of France | Population without double counting ]] from 1962 to 1999 [[ Population of France # The municipal population | municipal population ]] since 2006
| Source = [[ Edward Baratier | Baratier ]], [[ Georges Duby | Duby ]] and [[ Ernest Hildesheimer | Hildesheimer ]] to the Ancien Regime <ref name="AHP"/> [[ Graduate School social science | EHESS ]] <ref name="Cassini"/> , [[National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies | Insee ]] from 1968 <ref>
{{Cite web
| Url = http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?zoneSearchField=&codeZone=04192-COM&idTheme=3
| Title = Results of population census - Saint -Michel l'Observatoire
| Website = the site of INSEE
| Accessdate = {{ 1 }} in January 2012 .
}} </ ref > {{ ,}} <ref>
{{Cite web
| Url =
| Title = Census Population {{ 1 }} in January 2006
| Website = the site of INSEE
| Accessdate = {{ 1 }} in January 2012 .
}} </ ref > {{ ,}} <ref>
{{Cite web
| Url = http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/commune.asp?depcom=04192
| Title = Legal Populations 2010 Effective {{ 1 }} in January 2013
| Website = the site of INSEE
| Accessdate = {{ 1 }} in January 2013 .
}} </ ref> .
| 1315 = 163 [[ tax fire | fire ]]
| 1471 = 75 lights
| 1765 = 777
| 1793 = 875
| 1800 = 857
| 1806 = 882
| 1821 = 934
| 1831 = 973
| 1836 = 986
| 1841 = 999
| 1846 = 949
| 1851 = 1014
| 1856 = 1028
| 1861 = 1000
| 1866 = 983
| 1872 = 940
| 1876 = 877
| 1881 = 857
| 1886 = 785
| 1891 = 779
| 1896 = 713
| 1901 = 701
| 1906 = 706
| 1911 = 656
| 1921 = 581
| 1926 = 515
| 1931 = 460
| 1936 = 374
| 1946 = 420
| 1954 = 387
| 1962 = 380
| 1968 = 443
| 1975 = 617
| 1982 = 713
| 1990 = 844
| 1999 = 904
| 2006 = 1065
| 2010 = 1160
| - Background = # ddffdd years
| Population - background = # f3fff3
| Notes - background = # f3fff3
}}

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===Area and population===
The Saint- Michel l'Observatoire has an area of ​​{{ unit | 2778 | }} ha and a population of {{ convert | 1089 }} ( 2007 ) inhabitants , making it the <ref> {{ Link cities: Saint -Michel- Observatoire | publisher = Town Halls directory }} </ ref>

{ | Class = " wikitable "
| -
! Rank
! area
! population
! density
| -
| [[File : Flag of France.svg | 25px ]] [[ France ]]
| Style = "text -align : center; " | {{ convert | 10082 }} {{e }}
| Style = "text -align : center; " | {{ convert | 4402 }} {{e }}
| Style = "text -align : center; " | {{ convert | 28783 }} {{e }}
| -
| [[File : . Blason fr region Provence- Alpes- Côte d' Azur svg | 25px ]] [[ Provence -Alpes -Côte d'Azur ]]
| Style = "text -align : center; " | 443 {{e }}
| Style = "text -align : center; " | 399 {{e }}
| Style = "text -align : center; " | 483 {{e }}
| -
| [[File : Blason fr department Alpes-de -Haute- Provence.svg | 25px ]] [[ Alpes-de -Haute- Provence ]]
| Style = "text -align : center; " | 35 {{e }}
| Style = "text -align : center; " | 97 {{e }}
| Style = "text -align : center; " | 35 {{e }}
| -
| [[ District of Forcalquier ]]
| Style = "text -align : center; " | 19 {{e }}
| Style = "text -align : center; " | 27 {{e }}
| Style = "text -align : center; " | 23 {{e }}
| -
| [[ Canton of Forcalquier ]]
| Style = "text -align : center; " | 49 {{e }}
| Style = "text -align : center; " | {e} { 2 }
| Style = "text -align : center; " | 7 {{e }}
| }

===Teaching===

The town has a [[ Elementary School in France | Public Primary School ]] {{ Link <ref> Public primary Alpes-de -Haute- Provence | publisher = Academic Inspection of the Alpes- de-Haute- Provence }} </ ref> . Then the students are assigned to [[ college ]] '' '' Henri Laugier to [[ Forcalquier ]] {{ Link <ref> College of Alpes-de -Haute- Provence | date = {{date | 8 | November | 2004 }} | publisher = Academy Aix -Marseille }} </ ref> . Then students are directed to the [[ High School in France | schools ]] Manosque <ref> {{ Link high schools in the Alpes- de-Haute- Provence | year = 2010 | publisher = Aix -Marseille Academy }} </ ref> is the '' [[ The versatile Iscles School of Manosque | The comprehensive school Iscles ]] '' < ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.lyc-les-iscles.ac-aix-marseille.fr/spip/|titre=Site the school 's Iscles | year = 2010 | publisher = Academy of Aix-Marseille }} </ ref> is the '' [[ Felix Esclangon school ]] '' <ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.lyc-esclangon.ac-aix-marseille.fr/spip/ | title = Site High School Felix Esclangon | year = 2010 | publisher = Academy Aix -Marseille }} </ ref> .

===Health===
[[File : IMG 0724 forcalquier.JPG thumb | Hôpital Saint -Michel ]]
The town depends on the [[ local hospital ]] of [[ Forcalquier ]] named Saint -Michel <ref> {{cite web | url = http://etablissements.hopital.fr|titre=Site the hospital | etablissements.hopital.fr site = }} </ ref> and also a medical analysis laboratory <ref> {{ Link analysis laboratories | Site annuairesante.com = }} </ ref> . According to the magazine [[ Express ]] , St. Michael's Hospital is one of the safest hospitals in France with a score of 82.2 out of 100 ( Class A) and class 63 {{e }} in terms national and 2 nd {{ }} to {{ Link <ref> departmental level web | url = http://www.lexpress.fr/palmares/hopitaux/resultats.asp?type=4 www.lexpress.fr | title = ranking local hospitals french | publisher = [[ Express ]]}} </ ref> . The town also has , three [[ Retirement home | homes ]] ( Ben Estre Lou Lou Seren and Saint-Michel) <ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.3evie.com/ house - of - retraite_forcalquier_v04.html http://www.3evie.com|titre = retirement Homes in Forcalquier | Site 3evie.com = }} </ ref> .

===Worship===
The parish is attached to [[ pastoral sector Largue ]], where worship is alternately in each municipality <ref> Diocese of Digne [ http://www.catho04.fr/decouvrir/secteurs/r2/r3/largue . htm pastoral sector Largue ] , '' Catholic Diocese of Digne, Riez and Sisteron '' , updated December 2, 2011 , accessed July 5, 2012 </ ref> .

==Economy==

===Agriculture===

The vine was cultivated on dozens of acres for regional markets , including the [[ Forcalquier ]] until the middle of {{ s- | XX | e }} is no longer present at anecdotally in common <ref name="reparaz-medit109"/> .

===Miscellaneous===

Tourism is on the town with hiking trails, a few shops and restaurants, and a gite and equestrian center , a market is held every Sunday. The astronomy center , over 10 ha , offers entertainment .

There are also career [[ molasses ]] Porchères .

Revenues
=== population ===
In 2008, [[ tax income per household in France | median household income tax ]] was {{ unit | 15774 | € }} ({{ unit | 15027 | € }} in France) 635 tax households , only 50.4 % of these homes are taxed with a net income of {{ unit | 32774 | € }} representing an average tax unit {{ | 1799 | € <ref name="rapportINSEE"> }} {{fr }} {{cite web | url = http://www.statistiques-locales.insee.fr/FICHES/DL/DEP/04/COM/DL_COM04192.pdf | title = Report INSEE Saint -Michel l'Observatoire | website = INSEE website }} {{ pdf }} </ ref > {{ ,}} {{cite web <ref> | title = CC- Statistical Summary / com, dep , zone empl | website = INSEE website | = Uploaded on October 26, 2010 }} </ ref> .

===Labor===
The population aged 15 to 64 was in 2007 to 689 people ( 575 in 1999) , among which there were 70.9% of assets, 65.2 % employed and 5.7 % unemployed ( against 12.0% in 1999) <ref name="emploiINSEE">
{{ en }} {{ link web Census of population - 2007 - Employment | Site = site of the [[National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies | Insee ]]}} </ ref> .

The distribution [[List of professions and socio-professional categories in France | occupational categories ]] of the workforce of Saint -Michel l'Observatoire , including active unemployed , shows an under-representation of "workers " and " intermediate occupations "and an over- representation of" artisans and merchants "and" farmers " by the average of metropolitan France .

<center>
'' 'Distribution of the active population by occupational categories ( 2007 census ) '''
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| -
! style = " background: # f5f5f5 ; color: # 000 ; width: 100px ; " |
! style = " background: # f5f5f5 ; color: # 000 ; " | <small> Farmers </ small>
! style = " background: # f5f5f5 ; color: # 000 ; " | <small> Artisans , merchants, entrepreneurs <br /> </ small>
! style = " background: # f5f5f5 ; color: # 000 ; " | <small> Frames , occupations <br </ small> intellectual />
! style = " background: # f5f5f5 ; color: # 000 ; " | <small> Occupations <br /> intermediate </ small>
! style = " background: # f5f5f5 ; color: # 000 ; " | <small> Employees </ small>
! style = " background: # f5f5f5 ; color: # 000 ; " | <small> Workers </ small>
| -
! style = " background: # f5f5f5 ; color: # 000 ; " | <small> Saint -Michel l'Observatoire </ small>
| Style = " background: # d1e8ff ; color: # 000 ; " | 8.7%
| Style = " background: # d1e8ff ; color: # 000 ; " | 10.7%
| Style = " background: # d1e8ff ; color: # 000 ; " | 12.6%
| Style = " background: # d1e8ff ; color: # 000 ; " | 21.4%
| Style = " background: # d1e8ff ; color: # 000 ; " | 29.1%
| Style = " background: # d1e8ff ; color: # 000 ; " | 17.1%
| -
! style = " background: # f5f5f5 ; color: # 000 ; height: 16px ; " | <small> National Average </ small>
| Style = " background: # f5f5f5 ; color: black; " | 2.1%
| Style = " background: # f5f5f5 ; color: black; " | 5.9%
| Style = " background: # f5f5f5 ; color: black; " | 15.8%
| Style = " background: # f5f5f5 ; color: black; " | 24.8%
| Style = " background: # f5f5f5 ; color: black; " | 28.5%
| Style = " background: # f5f5f5 ; color: black; " | 22.9%
| -
| Colspan = " 7 " style = " text-align : center; font-size: 90 % " | Data Sources: Insee <small> </ small> <ref name="emploiINSEE"/>
| }
</ center>

=== Jobs ===
Saint -Michel- Observatoire had [[2007 ]] an unemployment rate of 12.3 % ( against 17.0% in 1999) than the national average (9.6% in 2005 and 12.9% in 1999). The population distribution is in line with the national average with 45% of assets, 22.1% and 21.5 % of retired school youth <ref>
{{ link web | url = http://www.linternaute.com/ville/ville/emploi/31147/saint-michel-l_observatoire.shtml|titre = Employment in Saint -Michel- Observatoire | website = the Visitor }} </ ref> .

In 2007 there were 248 jobs in the town , against 241 in 1999. The number of workers employed residing in the township is $ 454 , the [[ concentration indicator of employment ]] is 54.5 % ( against 71.5 % in 1999) , which means that the common offers a little more than half of the jobs needed for active people <ref name="emploiINSEE"/> .

The distribution [[ Industry | sectors ]] jobs in Saint -Michel- Observatoire because of its size is not released by INSEE.

===Agriculture ===

Farmers in the commune of Saint -Michel- Observatoire receive three labels [[ AOC ]] (AOC) (including [[ Banon (cheese ) | Banon ]] ) and new labels [[ protected geographical indication ]] (PGI) ( [[ Engrain | einkorn ]], [[ honey from Provence ]], [[ Sisteron lamb ]], [[ alps -de -haute-provence (PGI )]] white red and pink and white Mediterranean VDP , red and rosé) <ref name="labels"> {{ Link PDO and PGI designations in Saint -Michel- Observatoire | website = [[ INAO ]]}} </ ref>

The culture of the [[ Olea europaea | olivier]] is practiced in the town for centuries. Although the soil of the town is at the altitudinal limit of the tree, which can hardly be exploited beyond {{ unit | 650 | m }} , he held several hectares at the beginning of {{ s | XIX | e }} . The production of common fed close to [[ Forcalquier ]] city. After a period of decline, the [[ olive ]] is back above 1000 feet operated <ref name="reparaz-medit109-58"/> . The oil from this crop has the AOC [[ Olive Oil AOC Provence | Provence olive oil ]] and [[ Olive de Haute-Provence AOC | olive oil from Haute- Provence ]] <ref name="labels"/> .

<gallery mode="packed" agricultural caption="Productions of Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire{{référence nécessaire}}.">
Image: Olive Oil Provence.jpg | Oil Provence AOC .
Image: Triticum - monococcum.JPG | Small spelled.
Image: Lamb and brebis.JPG | Sisteron lamb reared under his mother.
Image: Hives in the Combe Pommier.JPG | Hives in the Combe du Pommier .
Image: Cheese Banon.JPG | Plateau AOC [[ Banon (cheese ) | Banon ]] in a restaurant Revest -du -Bion .
</ gallery >

===Tertiary===

The publishing house that is to say , is located in Saint -Michel- Observatoire <ref> Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Alpes- de-Haute- Provence, [ http://www.digne . cci.fr / entreprise_c - is to say , IDF2 , ida168 , rub228.html company data ] , accessed July 19, 2012 </ ref> and employs two people <ref name="cadire-cci"> Room of commerce and Industry of the Alpes- de-Haute- Provence, [ http://www.digne.cci.fr/entreprise_c-est-a-dire , IDF2 , ida168 , rub228.html It Is to say ] , accessed September 20, 2012 </ ref> .

==Culture and heritage==

===Places and monuments===
[[Image : St Michel l'Observatoire - observatoire.JPG thumb | Observatoire de Saint Michel ]]
* The [[ Observatory of Haute- Provence ]] is an astronomical observatory with many domes. This is the venue for fans at the " [[ Night Star ]] " in August of each year. Comets and planets of the solar system, stars and interstellar matter in the galaxy are studied constantly .

====Civil Architecture====

A monument to General [[ Paul Louis Ange Gardane | Gardane ]] is in Lincel .

Lincel Castle , which belonged to General Gardane is built on sustained by medieval walls terrace. It is flanked by two round towers belonging to the castle, destroyed during the Revolution. The present building dates from the early nineteenth century {{ }} <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 250 </ ref> .

In the old town, a door to the edges [[ wikt : en: chamfer | bevel ]] ed , when his house with 1656 <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 369 </ ref> . Other doors are framed [[ keystone ]] x can be novels, but can also be reused in later buildings <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 355-356 </ ref> .

[[File : Tower Porchères face Se.jpg | thumb | right | 180px | Tour Porchères ]]
The tower [[ Romanesque architecture | Romanesque ]] Porchères , in excellent condition , dates from the late twelfth century {{ }} or {{ early thirteenth century .}} Built in beautiful device , it has retained its two-story vaulted broken barrel . The village was built around it. It is a monument inscribed <ref name="Chambonnet"> Josette Chambonnet , Opcit {{ }} </ ref > {{ ,}} <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 310 </ ref > {{ ,}} <ref> Order of 25 October 1961 Form of the Base Mérimée ] , accessed November 11, 2008 </ ref> .

The castle of Plan-de- Porchères , elegant [[ manor ]] of {{ }} to the eighteenth century arched near the RN 100 windows. In the park is the tower of Pompeii which houses the library [[ Leon Berluc - Perussis ]] , and a Roman inscription at Pompeii '' '' Rufina finely engraved <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} pp. 36 and 268 </ ref> . The poet is buried <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 268 </ ref> .

Still in Plan-de-Porchères , is a [[ pigeon ]] <ref> old Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 444 </ ref> .

Two bridges are distinguished by their age:
* Bridge the Rimourelle <ref name="Autran"> Quoted in Philippe Autran , Guy Barruol Jacqueline Ursch , '' one bank to another : bridges Haute-Provence from antiquity to the present day ' ' The Alps of Light No. 153 , Forcalquier 2006 </ ref>
* Bridge Répétié : on the [[ domitienne ]] <ref name="Autran"/> .

On the front of the church, [[ sundial ]] carries hour lines and a very thorough scientific pageantry . It is new and bears the legend " '' If the past and the future exist I want to know where they are '' ." It is decorated with the planets [[ solar system ]] gives the local time and the [[ Universal Time | World Time ]] , with corrections for each month <ref> {{ Dial -Haute- Provence }} < / ref> .

The castle Lincel , still has one of its two corner rectangular towers . It has several windows [[ Mullion ]] x and [[ Cross ]] s <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 253 </ ref > {{ }} sixteenth century .

* High Castle to Lincel <ref name="Chambonnet"/> : {{ }} fourteenth century
* Low -Château Lincel : farm sixteenth century {{ }}
[[ Borie ]] s in the countryside
* Remains of walls
* Former oil mill
* Hamlet of Craux ( {{ }} s seventeenth and eighteenth century {{ }} s)

====Religious art====
[[Image: Saint -Michel- de- Observatory Church St. pierre.jpg thumb | St. Peter's Church ]]

====High Church====
In Saint-Michel, the High Church, under the patronage of St. Michael , was a [[ priory ]] of [[ abbey of Saint -André Villeneuve-les -Avignon ]] , and appears in the archives 1118. The first state ( {{ s | XII | e }} ) , remain a [[ bay ]] vaulted arched and [[ chorus (architecture) | chorus ]] , under a dome. The [[ Collateral (architecture ) # Aisle | aisle ]] was obtained by piercing the relieving arches of the south wall , and landscaping gallery porch built against the wall at the end of the fourteenth {{ }} or early fifteenth century {{ }} . The [[ apse ]] Romanesque semicircular is rebuilt [[ head ]] rectangular [[ 1551 ]] , with a barrel vault but berries warheads. The tower was built in the sixteenth {{ }} or {{ }} seventeenth century. The side chapel dates from the seventeenth {{ }} or {{ }} eighteenth century . The set is ranked [[ monument ( France ) | monument ]] <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 96 </ ref > {{ ,}} <ref> Order of 13 November 1942 Form of the Base Mérimée ] , accessed November 11, 2008 </ ref> .

You can admire a big marble that serves [[ font ]] its faces are carved with monsters ( or " animal decoration " as DRAC ), which can represent the human passions , ranked <ref> Raymond Collier , {{ }} Opcit , p 459 </ ref > {{ ,}} <ref> Order of 9 November 1978 Form of the Base Palissy ] accessed November 12, 2008 </ ref> . The [[ fresco ]] s of {{ }} fourteenth century , above the arches : they were the [[ Christ in glory ]] , the [[ stigma ]] visible , with holy women and angels <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 485 </ ref> . The columns of {{ }} eleventh century , classified , from Saint -Jean- de- muskets ( see below) , are stored <ref> Order of 9 November 1978 Form of the Base Palissy ] accessed November 12, 2008 </ ref > {{ ,}} <ref name="Collier"> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 461 </ ref> .

====Other churches====
[[Image : Saint- Paul Saint- Michel l'Observatoire 01.JPG | thumb | <center> Chapel St. Paul </ center >]]
The church [[ parish | parish ]] Saint-Pierre is [[ Romanesque architecture | Romanesque ]] , although the time of its construction is unknown. Significant work has taken place in 1552-1554 . It may be a pastiche of {{ }} sixteenth century , one identical reconstruction , or an old church strongly recovery. The three [[ bay ]] s are barrel vaulted and several side chapels give in [[ aisle ]] . The [[ chorus (architecture) | chorus ]] {{ date }} fourteenth century . On the western front, the portal [[ Neoclassicism | neoclassical ]] is built inside the portal [[ Gothic Art | Gothic ]] <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 144-145 and 177 </ ref> . The [[ bell ]] on the bell tower of the nineteenth century {{ }} .

The Sainte- Marie- Madeleine church Lincel date {{ }} s twelfth and thirteenth century {{ }} s according Josette Josette Chambonnet <ref> Chambonnet , "archaeological Day 2000" '' in '' Chronicles of Upper Provence (No. 341-342 , 2000) , p 156 </ ref> Raymond Collier traces the thirteenth at {{ }} as the DRAC . The [[ aisle ]] , consisting of two [[ bay ]] s with barrel vaults , is cut by a [[ transept ]] (very rare in Haute-Provence ) . The bell tower is built above the [[ chorus (architecture) | chorus ]] . It is covered with [[ lause ]] s and is listed as a historical monument <ref> Decree of 6 June 1988 Form of the Base Mérimée ] , accessed November 12, 2008 </ ref > {{ ,}} <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 120 </ ref> .

The Chapel of St. Paul is a former priory rustic , tiny dimensions: nave {{ Number | 3.5 | m }} with {{ ​​Number | 4 | m }} . The apse is vaulted by a cul- de-four took itself outwardly in a cubic solid masonry , giving a square appearance to the chapel. The facade is decorated with three arches , which are supported by columns [[ capital (architecture) | marquees ]] decorated with the [[ Palm Leaf ]] s . It is an historical monument <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 76 and 96-97 </ ref > {{ ,}} <ref> Order of 26 September 1930 Form of the Base Mérimée ] , accessed November 11, 2008 </ ref> .

{{Main | Chapelle Saint -Paul Saint- Michel l'Observatoire }}

The Saint- Jean -de- muskets at Aurifeuille is a former chapel , built on a site with a [[ panorama ]] , busy since Late Antiquity ( Vth {{ s}} and {{ }} seventh century s) . It dates from the twelfth century {{ }} , with pre-Romanesque columns. Its [[ apse ]] cul- de-four is older, the eleventh century {{ }} . Its altar is made of a stone table placed on the columns. It is a monument inscribed <ref> Order of 23 April 1979 Form of the Base Mérimée ] , accessed November 11, 2008 </ ref > {{ ,}} <ref> Natural Park of Luberon, '' Around the first millennium in Forcalquier '' , exhibition catalog , 2007 , p 23 < / ref > {{ ,}} <ref name="Collier"/> .

The chapel of the priory was built in 1720 Ardène <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 232 </ ref> . This priory provided shelter, founded in 1209. On the same field , in the midst of a deep [[ Lebanese cedar | cedar forest ]] are a large hunting lodge (1861), and the castle, built between 1640 and 1670. Like many castles in the region of the same period , its façade is flanked by two round towers engaged <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 260-261 </ ref> . In this priory , is a component of [[ Triptych ( Fine Art) | triptych ]] depicting St. Paul , which dates from the second half of the sixteenth century {{ }} , ranked [[ historical monument ( France ) | historical monument ]] object under <ref> Decree of 23 August 1930 Form of the Base Palissy ] accessed November 12, 2008 </ ref > {{ ,}} <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 477 </ ref> .

At Lincel near the [[ National Highway 100 | 100 RN ]] , a chapel under the vocables of St. Mary Magdalene and St. Simeon , dated thirteenth century {{ }} (which is a reconstruction , since ' it was first mentioned in 1155) . Its [[ apse ]] is arched in a cul- de-four <ref> Raymond Collier Opcit {{ }} , p 140 </ ref> .

All that remains of the Saint -Sauveur as [[ crypt ]] , under a shed, south of the RD 4100 <ref name="archeo-provence"/> .

===Environment===
59.8 % of the country 's natural area <ref name=atlas> [ http://www.atlas-parcduluberon.com/atlas/accueil_communes/index.asp?codeINSEE=04192 Saint -Michel l'Observatoire on Atlas PNR Luberon ] </ ref> . It is included in the area of ​​nature and silence of 677 ha , and in ZNIEFF ( [[ natural area of ecological interest , flora and fauna ]] ) type 2 " Agrosystem Mane ." They include species of [[ ecosystem ]] s related to agriculture and [[ wetland | wetlands ]] (eg [[ kingfisher ]] on the river Largue ) <ref> [ http:// www.atlas-parcduluberon.com/atlas/accueil_communes/Regl_Znieff/0422A00.pdf regional Committee ZNIEFF PACA ] , " Agrosystem Mane ' </ ref> . The wood Audibert , the Largue and Craux are inventoried as areas of biological value most <ref name=atlas/> .

=== Personalities linked to the common ===
[[ Hannibal St. Louis Michel d'Agoult ]] (1747-1810) , General of the Army of the Republic and the Empire , born in the town , died at [[ Pamplona ]] ( Spain).
* Historian and félibre [[ Leon Berluc - Perussis ]] (1835-1902)
* The [[list of generals of the Revolution and First Empire | Empire General ]] [[ Charles Mathieu Gardanne ]] , born in 1766 and died in 1818 Lincel [[ nobility of the Empire | Count of the Empire ]]
Astrophysicists * [[ Mayor Michael ]] and [[ Didier Queloz ]] , discoverers of the 1st {{ }} [[ exoplanet ]]
[[ Taos Amrouche ]] (1913-1976) , writer of French language original [[ Amazigh ]] - [[ Kabyle ]] and [[ Algeria | Algeria ]] , buried in Saint -Michel l'Observatoire . His tomb bears the mere mention of his name Kabyle , which means '' Peacock '' .
[[ Pierre Martel (1923-2001) ]] , founder of the [[ Light Alps ]] , lived in the Bonnechere of [[ 1962 ]] to [[ 1969 ]]

===Heraldry===
{{Details | Armorial of the Communes of the Alpes- de-Haute- Provence }}
{ | Cellspacing = " 5" style = "width : 58% " class = " wikitable "
| - Valign = "top"
| Style = "text -align : center; padding: 8px ; " | [[Image: Blason Saint -Michel- lObservatoire.svg | 80px ]]
| Style = "width : 100%; padding: 8px ; " |
[[ Blazon ]] : '' <br /> Azure a Saint -Michel gold holding in the dexter hand a balance of the two plates of the same on a terrace of sand <ref> http://labanquedublason2.com / </ ref> . ''
| }

== See also ==
{{ Other Projects
| Commons = Category: Saint -Michel- Observatoire
}}

===Related Articles===
* [[List of former municipalities of Alpes-de -Haute- Provence ]]
* [[List of towns in the Alpes- de-Haute- Provence ]]
[[ Olive oil Provence AOC ]]

===External links===
* [ Http://wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.ign.fr/affiche_rubrique.asp?rbr_id=1087 % 26CommuneId = 11694 Saint -Michel l'Observatoire on the Institute website national Geographic ]

==Sources==

===Bibliography===
* {{ Collier -Haute- Provence }}
* {{ Historical Atlas of Provence }}
* {{ Book | title = Mount Ventoux. Encyclopedia Provencal mountain | author = [[ Guy Barruol ]] Nerte Dautier Bernard Mondon ( ed. )}}
{{ references | columns = 2 | group = a }}

===Notes===
{{ References | references =
<ref name="tresor"> Roger Brunet, "[ http://tresordesregions.mgm.fr/ Canton Forcalquier ]," '' The Treasure of the regions '' , accessed June 10, 2013 </ ref>
<ref name="La Torre"> Michel de La Torre, '' Alpes-de -Haute- Provence : the complete guide to 200 common '' , Paris , Deslogis -Lacoste , coll. " Towns and villages in France ", 1989 , Hardcover , 72 p. ( non- paged ) (ISBN 2-7399-5004-7 ) </ ref>
<ref name="ddrm39"> Prefecture of the Alpes -de -Haute- Provence, Departmental file on the major risks in the Alpes- de-Haute- Provence ] '' ( SDTA ), 2008 , p. 39 </ ref>
<ref name="prim"> Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing, [ http://macommune.prim.net/d_commune.php?insee=04192 Notice communal ] on the database Gaspar , updated January 4, 2012, accessed August 16, 2012 </ ref>
<ref name="ddrm37"> Prefecture of the Alpes -de -Haute- Provence, '' '' DDRM , p. 37 </ ref>
<ref name="ppr"> Prefecture of the Alpes -de -Haute- Provence, '' DDRM '' Opcit {{ }} , p. 98 </ ref>
<ref name="ddrm80"> Prefecture of the Alpes -de -Haute- Provence, '' DDRM '' Opcit {{ }} , p. 80 < / ref>
<ref name="ddrm74"> Prefecture of the Alpes -de -Haute- Provence, '' DDRM '' Opcit {{ }} , p. 74 </ ref>
<ref name="dicrim"> [ http://www.bd-dicrim.fr/index.php/home/search Search form ] DICRIM '' base '' , accessed August 16, 2012 </ ref>
<ref name="brgm"> [[ BRGM ]] , "[ http://www.sisfrance.net/donnees_resultat.asp?LST=true&AN0=&AN9=&NV0=&NV9=&DPT=04&COM=04192 epicentres of distant earthquakes ( greater than 40 km) felt in Saint -Michel- Observatoire ] " , '' '' SISFRANCE , updated {{ 1 }} in January 2010 , accessed August 16, 2012 </ ref>
<ref name="brgm130057"> [[ BRGM ]] , "[ http://www.sisfrance.net/fiche_observations.asp?NUMEVT=130057 sheet 130057 ] " SISFRANCE '' '' , accessed August 16, 2012 < / ref>
<ref name="Fénié-41"> Fénié Benedict , Jean- Jacques Fénié , '' '' Toponymy Provence , South -West Publishing , 2002 ( reprint) , ISBN 978-2-87901-442-5 , p. 41 < / ref>
<ref name="Fénié-29"> Fénié & Fénié , Opcit {{ }} , p. 29 </ ref>
<ref name="beaujard"> Beaujard Brigitte , " The cities of southern Gaul III {{e }} to { VII } {e } s . " Gallia '' '' , 63, 2006 , CNRS Editions , p. 18-19 </ ref>
<ref name="Becker-Piriou"> Audrey Becker- Piriou , "[ http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_REVUE=RHIS&ID_NUMPUBLIE=RHIS_083&ID_ARTICLE=RHIS_083_0507 De Galla Placidia Amalasontha , women in the Roman diplomacy - barbaric in the West ], " '' historical Journal '' , 2008/3 , No. 647 , p ? . 531. </ Ref>
<ref name="archeo-provence"> Daniel Thiery, " Saint -Michel- Observatoire ] " , '' The origins of rural churches and chapels of the Alpes-de -Haute- Provence '' , published December 22, 2011 , updated December 23, 2011 , accessed August 16, 2012 < / ref>
<ref name="pref08"> Prefecture of the Alpes -de -Haute- Provence, Saint- Jurs to Soleihas ( '' sic '') ( list 7)] , accessed March 10, 2013 </ ref>
<ref name="Cassini"> EHESS, [ http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=33690 instructions communal Saint- Michel l'Observatoire ] on the database Cassini, accessed July 31, 2009 </ ref>
<ref name="reparaz-medit109"> André de Reparaz "[ http://mediterranee.revues.org/index70.html Terroirs lost constant lands , conquered land : vineyards and olive Haute- Provence nineteenth and twenty-first centuries ] " '' Mediterranean '' , 109 | 2007, p. 56 and 59 </ ref>
<ref name="reparaz-medit109-58"> Reparaz , Opcit {{ }}, {{ p. }} 58 < / ref>
| columns = 2 }}

{{ Commons Palette Alpes-de -Haute- Provence }} {{ Commons Palette of the district of Forcalquier }} {{ Palette Haute- Provence }} {{ Palette Parc Naturel Regional du Luberon }}

{{ Portal | Provence -Alpes -Cote d' Azur | communes of France | Alpes-de -Haute- Provence }}

[[ Category : City of Alpes-de -Haute- Provence | Saint -Michel l'Observatoire ]]
[[ Category: Shared member of the Regional Natural Park of Luberon ]]

Revision as of 18:02, 1 September 2013

Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire
Church of Saint-Pierre
Church of Saint-Pierre
Coat of arms of Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire
Coat of arms
Location of Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire
Map
CountryFrance
RegionProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
DepartmentAlpes-de-Haute-Provence
ArrondissementForcalquier
CantonForcalquier
IntercommunalityHaute Provence
Government
 • Mayor (2001–2008) André Peta
Area
1
27.78 km2 (10.73 sq mi)
Population
 (2008)
1,113
 • Density40/km2 (100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
04192 /04870
Elevation386–767 m (1,266–2,516 ft)
(avg. 543 m or 1,781 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France.

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1793 875—    
1800 857−2.1%
1806 882+2.9%
1821 934+5.9%
1831 973+4.2%
1836 986+1.3%
1841 999+1.3%
1846 949−5.0%
1851 1,014+6.8%
1856 1,028+1.4%
1861 1,000−2.7%
1866 983−1.7%
1872 940−4.4%
1876 877−6.7%
1881 857−2.3%
1886 785−8.4%
1891 779−0.8%
1896 713−8.5%
1901 701−1.7%
1906 706+0.7%
1911 656−7.1%
1921 581−11.4%
1926 515−11.4%
1931 460−10.7%
1936 374−18.7%
1946 420+12.3%
1954 387−7.9%
1962 380−1.8%
1968 443+16.6%
1975 617+39.3%
1982 713+15.6%
1990 844+18.4%
1999 904+7.1%
2006 1,065+17.8%
2009 1,164+9.3%

Observatory

Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire is the "host town" of the Haute-Provence_Observatory, a nationally ranked facility. It is considered, by many astronomers, to be the best European low-altitude (400 meters) observatory in operation. There is also an astronomy center for educational purposes. It hosts students of elementary schools for brief stays (1–2 weeks) during the year and organizes theme nights of combined sky observations and expositions/debates on different themes.

International relations

The commune is twinned with:

See also

References

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