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==Controversy==
==Controversy==
The name of the vessel, ''Arihant'', from Sanskrit meaning '''the destroyer of all enemies''' has drawn condemnation from [[Jain|Jains]] and [[Buddhist|Buddhists]]. The word [[Arihant_(Jainism)|Arihant (Jainism)]] or [[Arhat_(Buddhism)|Arahant (Buddhism)]] for over two thousand years has denoted anyone who has eliminated all ''internal'' enemies, like pride, anger, violence, attachment and every negative emotion. Such a peaceful word and message of love they contend is therefore incompatible with the violence of a war machine.<ref>http://jainsamaj.org/magazines/ahimsatimesshow.php?id=162</ref>
The name of the vessel, ''Arihant'', from Sanskrit meaning '''the destroyer of all enemies''' has drawn condemnation from [[Jain|Jains]] and [[Buddhist|Buddhists]]. The word [[Arihant_(Jainism)|Arihant (Jainism)]] or [[Arhat_(Buddhism)|Arahant (Buddhism)]] for over two thousand years has denoted anyone who has eliminated all ''internal'' enemies, such as pride, anger, violence, attachment and other unwholesome qualities. Such a peaceful message of love they contend is incompatible with the violence of a war machine.<ref>http://jainsamaj.org/magazines/ahimsatimesshow.php?id=162</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 12:19, 17 February 2014

India's Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV)
INS Arihant during its launch in 2009
History
Indian Navy EnsignIndia
NameINS Arihant
BuilderShipbuilding Centre (SBC), Visakhapatnam, India
Laid downUnknown
Launched26 July 2009
Commissioned2015 (expected)
StatusSea trials (nuclear reactor active)
General characteristics
Class and typeArihant-class submarine
TypeSSBN
Length111 m (364 ft)[1]
Beam15 m (49 ft)[1]
Draft11 m (36 ft)[1]
Installed power83 MW
PropulsionPWR using 40% enriched uranium fuel (83 MWe);[1] one turbine (47,000 hp/70 MW); one shaft; one 7-bladed, high-skew propeller (estimated)
Rangeunlimited except by food supplies
Test depth300 m (980 ft) (estimated)
Complement95–100 officers and men
Sensors and
processing systems		USHUS sonar
Armamentlist error: <br /> list (help)
6 x 533mm torpedoes
12 x K-15 Sagarika SLBM
or
4 x K-4

INS Arihant (Template:Lang-sa, meaning "Slayer of Enemies" (S-73)) is the lead ship of India's Arihant-class of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines. The 6,000 tonne vessel was built under the Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project at the Ship Building Centre in Visakhapatnam.

The symbolic launch ceremony for the Arihant was held on 26 July 2009, the anniversary of Vijay Diwas (Kargil War Victory Day). The completion of the INS Arihant will make India one of six countries in the world with the ability to design, build, and operate its own nuclear submarines.

Design

The INS Arihant is to be the first of the expected five in the class of submarines designed and constructed as a part of the Indian Navy's secretive Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project. The Arihant-class submarines are reported to be comparable to the Template:Sclass-.[2] Their crew will have the opportunity to train on INS Chakra, an Akula-class submarine, which the Indian Navy leased from Russia.[3][4] Arihant will be more of "a technology demonstrator", rather than a fully operational SSBN according to Admiral Nirmal Verma.[5]

The vessel will be powered by an 83 MW pressurised light-water reactor[6] with enriched uranium fuel.[7] A land-based prototype of the reactor was first built at Kalpakkam and made operational in September 2006. Successful operation over a period of three years yielded the data that enabled the production version for Arihant.[8][9] It was reported that an 80 MW nuclear reactor was integrated into the hull of the ATV in January 2008.[10]

The hull for the vessel was built by L&T's Hazira shipbuilding facility. Tata Power built the control systems for the submarine. The systems for the steam turbine integrated with the reactor are supplied by Walchandnagar Industries.[11]

Armament

Conceptual drawing of INS Arihant

Arihant has four vertical launch tubes, which can carry twelve (three per launch tube) smaller K-15 missiles or four larger K-4 missiles. The K-4 has a longer range of 3,500 kilometres and is still in development.

Launch

INS Arihant was introduced to the public on 26 July 2009 at a symbolic launch ceremony by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's wife Gursharan Kaur.[12] The launch coincided with the tenth anniversary of the conclusion of the Kargil War.[13] and consisted of floating the vessel by flooding the dry dock. Defense Professionals Daily claimed Arihant was launched without key systems including its nuclear reactor, surveillance equipment, and ordnance. Per naval tradition, Gursharan Kaur cracked a coconut on the hull to mark the launch of the submarine at the secret naval base 'Matsya' in Visakhapatnam.[14] Photography was prohibited and photos showing the complete vessel are not available.[15][16] In his address to the crowd, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh billed the submarine as an outcome of a public-private partnership. He also thanked Russia in his address stating "I would also like to express our appreciation to our Russian friends for their consistent and invaluable cooperation, which symbolizes the close strategic partnership that we enjoy with Russia".[17] The launch of Arihant strengthens India's endeavour to build a credible nuclear triad – the capability to fire nuclear weapons from air, land and sea.

Current status

On the condition of anonymity, a nuclear scientist familiar with the project echoed this report in response to the media coverage that India had successfully launched a completed nuclear submarine.[18] It was also expected that the duplication of India's land based reactor, integration of systems, and sea trials are expected to take three to five years.[19]

In 2010, the submarine was claimed to have begun its sea trials with the submarine to be formally inducted into the Indian Navy by 2011.[20][21][22] Full integration of key systems and sea trials are expected to be extensive.[5] Admiral Verma told reporters on 7 August 2012 that sea trials of Arihant are commencing in coming months and she is steadily progressing towards operationalisation.[23] On 27 January 2013, Sagarika, the primary armament of Arihant, completed its final developmental test and will now be integrated with the submarine.[24] On 10 August 2013, the nuclear reactor of the submarine went critical;[6] this was done after several months of system checks using shore-based high-pressure steam.[6][25] The reactor's power is being raised in increments of 5 to 10% until it reaches full power, after which the submarine will be heading out for extensive sea trials in the month of February or March 2014. And is expected to be commissioned in 2015.[26][27]

Controversy

The name of the vessel, Arihant, from Sanskrit meaning the destroyer of all enemies has drawn condemnation from Jains and Buddhists. The word Arihant (Jainism) or Arahant (Buddhism) for over two thousand years has denoted anyone who has eliminated all internal enemies, such as pride, anger, violence, attachment and other unwholesome qualities. Such a peaceful message of love they contend is incompatible with the violence of a war machine.[28]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to INS Arihant (submarine, 2009).

References

  1. ^ a b c d Nuclear Arm by T. S. Subramanian, The Frontline, Vol. 26, Issue 17, 15–28 August 2009.
  2. ^ SSBN Arihant Class Submarine, India: naval-technology.com
  3. ^ "Arihant – Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV)". Global Security. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
  4. ^ "Leased Russian n-submarine to set sail for India this month end". 15 December 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
  5. ^ a b Pandit, Rajat (3 December 2009). "Home-made nuke sub INS Arihant to be inducted in 2 years". The Times of India. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  6. ^ a b c Reactor of India's first indigenous nuclear submarine INS Arihant goes 'critical' Times of India 10 August 2013
  7. ^ Pandit, Rajat (17 July 2009). "India set to launch nuclear-powered submarine". The Times of India.
  8. ^ "PWR building shows indigenous capability, says Kakodkar". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 2 August 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  9. ^ "Arihant propulsion reactor unveiled". Hindustan Times. 2 August 2009. Retrieved 2 August 2009. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help)
  10. ^ "The secret undersea weapon : DEFENCE News – India Today". India Today. 17 January 2008. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  11. ^ "Private sector played a major role in Arihant – India – DNA". Daily News and Analysis. 27 July 2009. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  12. ^ "Wife of Indian PM launches home-made nuclear attack submarine". Xinhuanet. 26 July 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2009.
  13. ^ Unnithan, Sandeep (16 July 2009). Exclusive: PM's wife to launch INS Arihant, India's first nuclear submarine. India Today
  14. ^ "India inducts nuke submarine into navy". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 July 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2009.
  15. ^ "PIB's Latest Photograph". Pib.nic.in. Retrieved 17 August 2009.
  16. ^ "PIB's Latest Photograph". Pib.nic.in. Retrieved 17 August 2009.
  17. ^ By Harmeet Shah Singh CNN (26 July 2009). "India launches nuclear submarine". CNN. Retrieved 17 August 2009. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  18. ^ "India's Nuclear Sub Doesn't Have Working Reactor Yet". Daiji World. 13 August 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2009.
  19. ^ Von Kospoth, Nicolas (28 July 2009). "India's INS Arihant Makes First Contact with Water". Defense Professionals Daily. Retrieved 10 September 2009.
  20. ^ "Indian Navy to procure five midget submarines". New Delhi: domain-b.com. 2 November 2009. Retrieved 7 November 2009.
  21. ^ Rahul Singh. "Naval forces get ready to operate N-submarine". Hindustan Times.
  22. ^ "First nuke-sub undergoes trial". Deccan Herald.
  23. ^ "India's first home-built nuclear submarine INS Arihant set for trials". 7 August 2012.
  24. ^ "India successfully test-fires underwater missile". The Hindu. 27 January 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  25. ^ Arihant achieves criticality when the boat was "already in the sea" Jagran Josh. Retrieved 12 August 2013
  26. ^ http://www.livemint.com/Politics/7k215HpGXMgLSWbBNviaDI/Agni5-INS-Arihant-to-be-ready-for-induction-next-year.html
  27. ^ India's first N-sub to head for sea trials in Feb-March Times of India 4 December 2013
  28. ^ http://jainsamaj.org/magazines/ahimsatimesshow.php?id=162
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