Clemens August of Bavaria: Difference between revisions
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As Archbishop of Cologne, he was one of the Electors, a Prince-Bishop of [[Bishopric of Münster|Münster]], [[Bishopric of Hildesheim|Hildesheim]], and [[Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück|Osnabrück]], and a [[Grand Master (order)|Grand Master]] of the [[Teutonic Order]]. |
As Archbishop of Cologne, he was one of the Electors, a Prince-Bishop of [[Bishopric of Münster|Münster]], [[Bishopric of Hildesheim|Hildesheim]], and [[Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück|Osnabrück]], and a [[Grand Master (order)|Grand Master]] of the [[Teutonic Order]]. |
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Clemens August, who mostly sided with the [[Austria]]n [[Habsburg-Lorraine]] side during the [[War of the Austrian Succession]], personally crowned his brother [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VII]] emperor at [[Frankfurt]] in 1742. After Charles's death in 1745, Clemens August then again leaned toward Austria. |
Clemens August, who mostly sided with the [[Austria]]n [[Habsburg-Lorraine]] side during the [[War of the Austrian Succession]], personally crowned his brother [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VII]] emperor at [[Frankfurt]] in 1742. After Charles's death in 1745, Clemens August then again leaned toward Austria. Over time, Clemens August changed more frequently the alliances, as of Allied of Austria or France, also under the influence of his frequently changing First Ministers. |
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He died in [[Festung Ehrenbreitstein]] in 1761. In March 1761, shortly after his death, [[Pope Clement XIII]] rejected the succession of Clemens August's brother Cardinal [[John Theodore of Bavaria]] as Archbishop and Prince-Elector of Cologne since the pope entertained some doubt on John Theodore's "moral conduct". This was the end of the reign of the Wittelsbach in Cologne after 178 years of continuous rule. |
He died in [[Festung Ehrenbreitstein]] in 1761. In March 1761, shortly after his death, [[Pope Clement XIII]] rejected the succession of Clemens August's brother Cardinal [[John Theodore of Bavaria]] as Archbishop and Prince-Elector of Cologne since the pope entertained some doubt on John Theodore's "moral conduct". This was the end of the reign of the Wittelsbach in Cologne after 178 years of continuous rule. In his will, Clemens August donated only to his successor as Elector and the court chamber of the Electorate of Cologne, but not the Elector of Bavaria. His nephew [[Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria|Maximilian III. Joseph]] then tried to challenge the will before the [[Reichskammergericht|Supreme Court of Appeal]], however, this failed on 23 January 1767. |
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==Cultural legacy== |
==Cultural legacy== |
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Revision as of 14:30, 21 March 2014
Clemens August of Bavaria (German: Clemens August von Bayern) (17 August 1700 – 6 February 1761) was a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty of Bavaria and Archbishop-Elector of Cologne.
Biography
Clemens August (Clementus Augustus) was born in Brussels, the son of Elector Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria and Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska and the grandson of King John III Sobieski of Poland. His family was split during the War of the Spanish Succession and was for many years under house arrest in Austria; only in 1715 did the family become re-united.
His uncle Joseph Clemens, Elector and Archbishop of Cologne, saw to it that Clemens August received several appointments in Altötting, the Diocese of Regensburg, and at the Prince-Provostry of Berchtesgaden, and he soon received papal confirmation as Bishop of Regensburg, and later of Cologne.
As Archbishop of Cologne, he was one of the Electors, a Prince-Bishop of Münster, Hildesheim, and Osnabrück, and a Grand Master of the Teutonic Order.
Clemens August, who mostly sided with the Austrian Habsburg-Lorraine side during the War of the Austrian Succession, personally crowned his brother Charles VII emperor at Frankfurt in 1742. After Charles's death in 1745, Clemens August then again leaned toward Austria. Over time, Clemens August changed more frequently the alliances, as of Allied of Austria or France, also under the influence of his frequently changing First Ministers.
He died in Festung Ehrenbreitstein in 1761. In March 1761, shortly after his death, Pope Clement XIII rejected the succession of Clemens August's brother Cardinal John Theodore of Bavaria as Archbishop and Prince-Elector of Cologne since the pope entertained some doubt on John Theodore's "moral conduct". This was the end of the reign of the Wittelsbach in Cologne after 178 years of continuous rule. In his will, Clemens August donated only to his successor as Elector and the court chamber of the Electorate of Cologne, but not the Elector of Bavaria. His nephew Maximilian III. Joseph then tried to challenge the will before the Supreme Court of Appeal, however, this failed on 23 January 1767.
Cultural legacy
Clemens August patronised the arts; among others he ordered to build the palaces of Augustusburg and Falkenlust in Brühl, North Rhine-Westphalia, listed on the UNESCO cultural world heritage list, and the church of St Michael in Berg am Laim in Munich.
Illegitimate children
Clemens August and his mistress Mechthild Brion had a daughter:
- Anna Marie zu Löwenfeld (1735–1783) ∞ Franz Ludwig Count of Holnstein (1723–1780), son of Clemens August's brother Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor
References
External links
- 1700 births
- 1761 deaths
- Dukes of Bavaria
- House of Wittelsbach
- Archbishops of Cologne
- Bishops of Paderborn
- Prince-Bishops of Osnabrück
- 18th-century Roman Catholic archbishops
- Grand Masters of the Teutonic Knights
- Münster
- History of Lower Saxony
- People from Brussels
- Burials at Cologne Cathedral
- Bishops of Münster
- Bishops of Regensburg
- Prince-Bishops of Hildesheim
- Electors of the Holy Roman Empire