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# Ceasefire
# Ceasefire
# Greek troops should withdraw from Bulgaria and
# Greek troops should withdraw from Bulgaria and
# Greece should pay a compensation to Bulgaria.
# Greece should pay a compensation to Bulgaria, which.
Both countries accepted the decision, although Greece did not actually pay the compensation<ref>Αγγελιοφόρος, 25 Σεπτεμβρίου 2006<r/ref>
Both countries accepted the decision, although Greece complained about the disparity between its treatment and that of [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] in the [[Corfu incident]] at 1923, since the decision showed that there were two different rules in the League, one for the Great Powers, like Italy, and another for the smaller, like Greece.<ref>{{cite book|last=Fellows|first=Nick|title=History for the IB Diploma: Peacemaking, Peacekeeping: International Relations 1918-36|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|url=http://books.google.gr/books?id=99O-2XcUgjgC&pg=PT132&lpg=PT132&dq=1925+greek+bulgarian+dispute&source=bl&ots=5v51jv-zUO&sig=LKx5HVW9_oqwHvNhgMq3pNd8Egk&hl=el&sa=X&ei=WtXKUdKEKoKBtAbxgoGgBg&sqi=2&ved=0CG8Q6AEwBw|month=September|year=2012|isbn=978-1107613911|page=132}}</ref>


The compensation that Greece had to pay for material and morale damage was £45,000 and should pay them in two months.<ref>{{cite book|last=Raghunath|first=Rai|title=History|url=http://books.google.gr/books?id=Z4-8Z0gqBkoC&printsec=frontcover&hl=el#v=onepage&q=greek%20bulgarian&f=false|page=351}}</ref>
Over 50 people were killed before Greece complied, mostly Bulgarian civilians.{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}
Over 50 people were killed before Greece complied, mostly Bulgarian civilians.{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}}


Revision as of 18:53, 19 April 2014

War of the Stray Dog [citation needed]
Date19–29 October 1925
Location
Petrich, southern Bulgaria
Result After a decision of the League of Nations, Greek forces withdrew.
Belligerents
Kingdom of Bulgaria Second Hellenic Republic
Commanders and leaders
Boris III Pavlos Kountouriotis
Strength
Unknown Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown unknown
some 50 Bulgarian civilians [citation needed]

The incident at Petrich, or the War of the Stray Dog,[1] was a Greek–Bulgarian crisis in 1925, in which there was a short invasion of Bulgaria by Greece near the border town of Petrich, after the killing of a Greek captain and a sentry from Bulgarian soldiers.[2][3][4] The incident ended after a decision of the League of Nations.

Background

The relations between Greece and Bulgaria had been strained since the start of the 20th century. There were minority problems between the two countries, also problems about the Macedonian issue and the activity of the Komitadjis. All these problems caused many disputes and many border conflicts between Greece and Bulgaria.[5] The climate was tense and escalation could happen at any time.

The incident

Belasica / Belles is located in Greece
Belasica / Belles
Belasica / Belles
class=notpageimage|
Location of Belasica / Belles. This was the place where Bulgarian soldiers killed a Greek soldier and a Captain.

There are two versions of how the incident started.

According to some sources all started on October 19, when a Greek soldier ran after his dog, which had strayed across the border from Greece at the pass Demirkapia on Belasitsa (in Bulgarian)/Belles (in Greek); thus, it is sometimes referred to as the War of the Stray Dog.[6][7][8] The border was guarded by Bulgarian sentries, and one of them shot the Greek soldier.

On the other hand according to other sources, the Greco-Bulgarian frontier incident was caused when Bulgarian soldiers violated the Greek borders, attacked a Greek outpost at Belasitsa/Belles and killed a Greek captain and a sentry.[9][10][11]

Bulgarian and Greek reaction

Bulgaria explained that the firing was due to a misunderstanding and expressed its regret.[12] In addition, the Bulgarian Government proposed the formation of a mixed commission of Greek and Bulgarian officers to investigate the incident, but the Greek Government declined it as long as Bulgarian troops remained in Greek territory.[13][14]

Also, the Greek dictatorial government under General Theodoros Pangalos issued an ultimatum to Bulgaria giving a time limit of 48 hours [15]

Greece in its ultimatum demanded:

  1. The punishment of those responsible.[16]
  2. An official apology.[17]
  3. Two million French francs, as compensation for the families of the victims.[18][19]

In addition, Greece sent soldiers into Bulgaria to occupy the town of Petrich with the object of enforcing the Greek demands for satisfaction.[20]

International intervention

Petrich is located in Bulgaria
Petrich
Petrich
class=notpageimage|
Location of the town of Petrich. At the South is Greece.

Fighting between Greek and Bulgarian forces started and Bulgaria appealed to the League of Nations to intervene in the dispute. Some chetas of Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), together with the sentries, organised defence lines against the Greeks near Petrich.[citation needed] Volunteers and war veterans from the whole region were summoned to join the resistance.[citation needed] On the other side Greece made it clear that it was not interested in Bulgarian territory, but demanded compensation.[20]

According to the newspapers of that time the town of Petrich was captured,[21][22][23] but according to some other sources, the League of Nations sent a telegraph to both countries ordering them to stop their armies just few hours before Greeks launched their attack to Petrich.[24]

The League ordered:

  1. Ceasefire
  2. Greek troops should withdraw from Bulgaria and
  3. Greece should pay a compensation to Bulgaria, which.

Both countries accepted the decision, although Greece did not actually pay the compensation<ref>Αγγελιοφόρος, 25 Σεπτεμβρίου 2006<r/ref>

Over 50 people were killed before Greece complied, mostly Bulgarian civilians.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ The History of Greece, The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations, Elaine Thomopoulos, ABC-CLIO, 2011, ISBN 0313375127, War%20of%20the%20Stray%20Dog%201925&f=false p. 110.
  2. ^ "LATEST CABLES". Western Star and Roma Advertiser (Toowoomba, Qld. : 1875 - 1948). Toowoomba, Qld.: National Library of Australia. 24 October 1925. p. 2. Retrieved 26 June 2013. "Greece. and Bulgaria have clashed, following a frontier incident, where a Greek captain and a sentry were shot dead at an outpost."
  3. ^ "TROUBLE ON GREEK FRONTIER". Northern Standard (Darwin, NT : 1921 - 1955). Darwin, NT: National Library of Australia. 23 October 1925. p. 3. Retrieved 26 June 2013. "After attacking the Greek outpost and shooting the two men, the Bulgarians hoisted the white flag. They explained that the firing was due to a misunderstanding."
  4. ^ "BULGARIA EXPLAINS". Barrier Miner (Broken Hill, NSW : 1888 - 1954). Broken Hill, NSW: National Library of Australia. 22 October 1925. p. 1. Retrieved 26 June 2013. " The Greco-Bulgarian frontier incident was caused by Bulgarian regulars attacking a Greek outpost at Belesh and shooting dead a sentry and a captain."
  5. ^ "Една неизвестна война, завършила със...строеж". Списание "Български войн", бр.10 от 2005
  6. ^ Stupid History: Tales of Stupidity, Strangeness, and Mythconceptions Through the Ages Leland Gregory, Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2009, ISBN 0740792105, p. 255.
  7. ^ Just Curious About History, Jeeves, Erin Barrett, Jack Mingo, Simon and Schuster, 2010,ISBN 0743462955, p. 78.
  8. ^ Andros Odyssey: Liberation: (1900-1940) Stavros Boinodiris , iUniverse, 2010, ISBN 1440193851, p. 177.
  9. ^ "LATEST CABLES". Western Star and Roma Advertiser (Toowoomba, Qld. : 1875 - 1948). Toowoomba, Qld.: National Library of Australia. 24 October 1925. p. 2. Retrieved 26 June 2013. "Greece. and Bulgaria have clashed, following a frontier incident, where a Greek captain and a sentry were shot dead at an outpost."
  10. ^ "TROUBLE ON GREEK FRONTIER". Northern Standard (Darwin, NT : 1921 - 1955). Darwin, NT: National Library of Australia. 23 October 1925. p. 3. Retrieved 26 June 2013. "After attacking the Greek outpost and shooting the two men, the Bulgarians hoisted the white flag. They explained that the firing was due to a misunderstanding."
  11. ^ "BULGARIA EXPLAINS". Barrier Miner (Broken Hill, NSW : 1888 - 1954). Broken Hill, NSW: National Library of Australia. 22 October 1925. p. 1. Retrieved 26 June 2013. " The Greco-Bulgarian frontier incident was caused by Bulgarian regulars attacking a Greek outpost at Belesh and shooting dead a sentry and a captain."
  12. ^ "BULGARIA EXPLAINS". Barrier Miner (Broken Hill, NSW : 1888 - 1954). Broken Hill, NSW: National Library of Australia. 22 October 1925. p. 1. Retrieved 27 June 2013. "He says that subsequently Bulgaria hοisted the white flag and explained that the firing was due to a misunderstanding. The Greek Government, however, despite the Bulgarian expressions of regret and explanations, is determined to throw full light on the incident."
  13. ^ "GREEKS AND BULGARS". The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 - 1957). Melbourne, Vic.: National Library of Australia. 24 October 1925. p. 35. Retrieved 27 June 2013. "The Greek Prime Minister (General Pangalos) has refused the Bulgarian proposal to form a commission of inquiry into the frontier incident at Petrich while Bulgarian troops remain in Greek territory."
  14. ^ "MORE FIGHTING". The Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954). NSW: National Library of Australia. 24 October 1925. p. 15. Retrieved 27 June 2013. "The Bulgarian Government proposed the formation of a mixed commission of Greek and Bulgarian officers to investigate the incident on the spot, but this was declined by the Greek Government."
  15. ^ "LATEST CABLES". Western Star and Roma Advertiser (Toowoomba, Qld. : 1875 - 1948). Toowoomba, Qld.: National Library of Australia. 24 October 1925. p. 2. Retrieved 26 June 2013."the Greek Government has issued an ultimatum to Bulgaria giving a time limit 48 hours,"
  16. ^ "LATEST CABLES". Western Star and Roma Advertiser (Toowoomba, Qld. : 1875 - 1948). Toowoomba, Qld.: National Library of Australia. 24 October 1925. p. 2. Retrieved 26 June 2013."the punishment of those responsible."
  17. ^ "LATEST CABLES". Western Star and Roma Advertiser (Toowoomba, Qld. : 1875 - 1948). Toowoomba, Qld.: National Library of Australia. 24 October 1925. p. 2. Retrieved 26 June 2013."...an expression of regret,..."
  18. ^ "LATEST CABLES". Western Star and Roma Advertiser (Toowoomba, Qld. : 1875 - 1948). Toowoomba, Qld.: National Library of Australia. 24 October 1925. p. 2. Retrieved 26 June 2013."...an indemnity of two million French francs,..."
  19. ^ "BULGARIA EXPLAINS". Barrier Miner (Broken Hill, NSW : 1888 - 1954). Broken Hill, NSW: National Library of Australia. 22 October 1925. p. 1. Retrieved 26 June 2013. "...compensation for the relatives of the killed."
  20. ^ a b "BULGARIA EXPLAINS". Barrier Miner (Broken Hill, NSW : 1888 - 1954). Broken Hill, NSW: National Library of Australia. 22 October 1925. p. 1. Retrieved 26 June 2013. "According to an Athens telegram the Government has decided to order the Greek troops to advance into Bulgaria and to occupy the town of Petrich, the headquarters of the Macedonian-Bulgarian committee, with the object of enforcing the Greek demands for satisfaction for a violation of Greek territory,..."
  21. ^ "PETRICH NOW CAPTURED". Barrier Miner (Broken Hill, NSW : 1888 - 1954). Broken Hill, NSW: National Library of Australia. 24 October 1925. p. 1. Retrieved 14 July 2013. "The Greek troops have attained their objective, Petrich. The Greek military operations are now regarded as ended."
  22. ^ "PETRICH NOW CAPTURED". Barrier Miner (Broken Hill, NSW : 1888 - 1954). Broken Hill, NSW: National Library of Australia. 24 October 1925. p. 1. Retrieved 14 July 2013. "Reuter's Athens correspondent from Salonika says: "The town of Petrich is officially reported captured by the Greeks.""
  23. ^ "Week End Comment". Singapore Free Press. Singapore. 26 October 1925. p. 8. "...Petrich has been captured by the Greeks, to "learn the Bulgars" to be more careful."
  24. ^ United Nations for the Classroom. p. 15."He also urged them to give immediate instructions to their armies until the League Council should meet. The telegraph arrived in Athens, the capital of Greece, only a few hours before the Greek army was due to attack the town of Petrich."
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