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=== Secular variation in seawater chemistry ===
=== Secular variation in seawater chemistry ===


Dr. Linda Hinnov describes Lawrence Hardie as internationally known for his deep insight into geological processes. His comprehensive study of evaporite sediments led to the hypothesis, since verified, that seawater has undergone long-term variations in its major ion composition<ref>Hardie (1996)</ref><ref>Hardie (2003)</ref>. He also demonstrated that these seawater variations are linked to plate tectonic processes at mid-ocean ridges. Together, these revolutionized the study of calcifying marine organisms and their role in the global carbon cycle. In recognition, he was awarded in 2003 the Francis J. Pettijohn Medal for Excellence by the Society for Sedimentary Geology.
Dr. Linda Hinnov describes Lawrence Hardie as internationally known for his deep insight into geological processes. His comprehensive study of evaporites led to the hypothesis, since verified, that seawater has undergone long-term variations in its major ion composition<ref>Hardie (1996)</ref><ref>Hardie (2003)</ref>. He also demonstrated that these seawater variations are linked to plate tectonic processes at mid-ocean ridges. Together, these revolutionized the study of calcifying marine organisms and their role in the global carbon cycle. In recognition, he was awarded in 2003 the Francis J. Pettijohn Medal for Excellence by the Society for Sedimentary Geology.
This seawater chemistry work is perhaps Hardie's most far-reaching
This seawater chemistry work is perhaps Hardie's most far-reaching
contribution - with implications for geochemistry,
contribution - with implications for geochemistry,
Line 93: Line 93:
oil/gas resources, and climate change.
oil/gas resources, and climate change.
Research and experimentation with evaporites, that
Research and experimentation with evaporites, that
took place early in his career, have formed the foundation for the seawater
took place early in his career, formed the foundation for the seawater
chemistry hypothesis. Dr. Hardie advocated that the
chemistry hypothesis. Dr. Hardie advocated that the
signal from evaporites may be the most robust evidence for seawater chemistry change. In particular, the observed secular changes in the mineralogy of potash evaporites and ooids and cements in marine limestones <ref>Hardie (2003)</ref><ref>Stanley et al. (2005)</ref><ref>Demicco et al. (2005)</ref> is synchronous with greenhouse/hothouse climates and global sea level. Most of Hardie’s predicted changes in seawater chemistry have since been verified from study of seawater trapped inside crystals of marine halite <ref>Lowenstein et al., (2001)</ref>.
signal from evaporites may be the most robust evidence for seawater chemistry change. In particular, the observed secular changes in the mineralogy of potash evaporites and ooids and cements in marine limestones <ref>Hardie (2003)</ref><ref>Stanley et al. (2005)</ref><ref>Demicco et al. (2005)</ref> is synchronous with greenhouse/hothouse climates and global sea level. Most of Hardie’s predicted changes in seawater chemistry have since been verified from study of seawater trapped inside crystals of marine halite <ref>Lowenstein et al., (2001)</ref>.

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Lawrence Alexander Hardie
Geologist Lawrence A Hardie, Ph.D. Professor, Johns Hopkins University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1965-2013. Photo taken in 2004 by R.C. Hardie.
Born
Lawrence Alexander Hardie

(1933-01-13)January 13, 1933
Durban, Natal, South Africa
DiedDecember 17, 2013(2013-12-17) (aged 80)
Seaside, California, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
EducationJohns Hopkins University
Alma materUniversity of Natal, RSA
Johns Hopkins University, USA
(Ph.D.)
SpouseGlenys Kathleen Hardie (1961-)
ChildrenDebora Buettner and Russell Hardie
AwardsFrancis J. Pettijohn Medal for Excellence by the Society for Sedimentary Geology in 2003.
Scientific career
FieldsGeology, Sedimentology, Geochemistry
InstitutionsJohns Hopkins University Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Professor 1965-2013, Chair 1992-1995, 2004-2006
Doctoral advisorgeochemist Hans Eugster, and sedimentologist Francis J. Pettijohn


Lawrence Alexander Hardie (January 13, 1933 – December 17, 2013) was an American geologist, sedimentologist, geochemist. He most recent work revolutionized our understanding of seawater chemistry change over geologic time. For nearly 50 years, he mentored students and pursued research as a Professor at Johns Hopkins University (JHU) in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. He advised to successful completion 28 Ph.D. and 10 M.A. students, many of whom are highly active in academia, industry, and government. He also helped, in one way or another, many more. His field work took him to points around the globe, including the Dolomites in northeastern Italy, the Florida Keys, Death Valley California, Baja California Mexico, and nearly every state in the U.S. He authored or co-authored numerous scientific papers and several books. He died at age 80 from complications of Alzheimer's disease on Dec. 17, 2013 at the Community Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula in Monterey, California.


Early life and education

He was born in Durban, Natal, South Africa, in 1933. He was raised by his mother, Irene Hardie, who was a seamstress. His formative years were influenced by his family’s tenuous financial conditions as well as the social and political upheavals in his home country. He was deeply opposed to apartheid.

He attended Durban Boy's High School, Form II through Form VI, and matriculated with a First Class Pass in the South African National Examination in 1950. Unable to afford to go full time to the University of Natal, Durban, he started work as a laboratory assistant in a paint factory and took courses toward a B.Sc. degree in the night school division of the university. Later he obtained a position as a laboratory assistant in the South African Paint Industries Research Institute on the main campus of the University of Natal, Durban, where he was able to take one course per semester during working hours.

He was inspired to pursue geology after attending lectures by the eminent South African geologist Lester King[1]. In addition to his new found passion for geology, soccer was a big part of Lawrence's life during this time. As a student, he was selected as a member of the South African Universities "All Star" team four times. He earned a B.Sc. degree in Geology and Chemistry in 1955, and a B.Sc. (Hons.) degree in Geology in 1956. In 1957, he was hired by Dr. King as an Instructor and began by teaching beginning classes in geology (wearing a black gown, as was the custom). At the same time he started to work on his Master's thesis on the origin of the Table Mountain Sandstone. He earned an M.Sc. in Geology in 1959 under the guidance of Drs. Peter Matthews and Joseph Frankel.

In 1960, he was awarded a Fellowship by the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research to spend an academic year in the U.S. He applied to work with Dr. Francis Pettijohn at Johns Hopkins and was accepted as a special student. He became very interested in the work Dr. Hans Eugster was doing in a newly built geochemistry laboratory. With Dr. Pettijohn's support, he soon turned to doing experimental work on evaporite minerals. Near the end of his second semester he was offered a full-time graduate fellowship to earn a Ph.D. He briefly returned to South Africa to marry Glenys Kathleen Smith in Durban. He worked as a science teacher at his old high school, and as a semi-professional soccer player, to earn enough money to pay for their return airfares. They lived in a small apartment near JHU while Lawrence continued his studies.

Upon graduating with a Ph.D. under Hans Eugster at the end of 1964, he was offered a position as an Assistant Professor at Hopkins. Both Lawrence and Glenys became U.S. citizens and they had two children, Debora and Russell. Lawrence shared his love of the natural world and of science with his children. Debora obtained a degree in mathematics at JHU, and Russell studied engineering at nearby Loyola University Maryland. His son Russell is currently a Professor in the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Dayton and credits his father as his inspiration for pursuing a career in academia.

Scientific career

Geologist Lawrence A Hardie, Ph.D. Professor, Johns Hopkins University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1965-2013. Photo taken in 1988 by R.C. Hardie.

After completing his doctoral work, he entertained offers from several prestigious academic institutions, including his Alma mater. He elected to stay at Johns Hopkins University. He joined the faculty in 1965 as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. He worked his way through the academic ranks to Full Professor. He also served as the department Chair from 1992-1995, and again from 2004-2006. He retired in 2007 to the status of Professor Emeritus.

In the words of former student and colleague Dr. Linda Hinnov, "Lawrie Hardie made invaluable contributions to the educational mission of Johns Hopkins, by taking undergraduate students out of the classroom and into the field, allowing them to witness geologic processes firsthand at far-flung locations." For many summers in the 1960s and 1970s, he ran a field lab, Camp Singewald, near Clearspring, west of Hagerstown. There he instructed undergraduate and graduate students in the Central Appalachian region. He also made arrangements with neighboring farmers to visit rock outcroppings in their fields. In the spring semester, he took students to the tidelands of Wachapreague, Va., south of Assateague, where he boated to remote areas to show them wave deposits and dunes. He also studied limestone in the Florida Keys and visited the Gulf of California. He once undertook studies on a remote island of the Bahamas, but found he was unwelcome when illegal drug traffickers seized control of the spot. He also spent months in the Dolomites in Italy. He was no stranger to long hikes and climbs. Some of his field work required the use of special modes of transportation including Zodiac inflatable boats, minibikes, and 3-wheeled all terrain vehicles (see photo).

Lawrence A. Hardie driving Honda All Terrain Vehicle in Baja California, Mexico during a geology field trip in the early 1980s. Photo by R. C. Hardie.

According to JHU University News (January 28, 2014) [2], "Hardie was beloved at Johns Hopkins for his devotion to students at all levels. He was a mentor to more than 30 Ph.D. students, many who have since gone on to leadership positions in academia, industry, and government." Many of these students became enduring friends and colleagues, and continued their collaborations long after graduation. In addition to work with graduate students, Dr. Hardie also taught an evening-school introductory course in geology that was popular with students who needed to fulfill a science requirement. There, Hardie enjoyed sharing his passion for geology to a wide audience that included, at one time or another, both of his children.

The Baltimore Sun (Jan. 17, 2014)[3] quotes a close department colleague, Dr. Peter Olson, as follows: "For nearly 50 years, he inspired students and colleagues through his devotion to science, personal integrity, and commitment to the welfare of others. His legacy was his mentoring of his students. Geology is different from other fields in academia. His forte was taking students into the field and showing them the geological formations that could never have been experienced in a classroom." Dr. Olson goes on to say that "Dr. Hardie passed his knowledge to his students with firsthand guidance, observations and generous assistance."

Personal life

He enjoyed jazz and attended concerts at the Famous Ballroom in Baltimore. After moving to Pasadena from Windsor Hills in the mid-1970s, Lawrence enjoyed sailing on the Magothy River and the Chesapeake Bay. He taught his children and many of his students to sail. He later took up snow skiing and was an avid golfer. He became proficient in both of these activities. He was married to Glenys Hardie for 52 years, had two children, and five grandchildren.

Scientific achievements

Secular variation in seawater chemistry

Dr. Linda Hinnov describes Lawrence Hardie as internationally known for his deep insight into geological processes. His comprehensive study of evaporites led to the hypothesis, since verified, that seawater has undergone long-term variations in its major ion composition[4][5]. He also demonstrated that these seawater variations are linked to plate tectonic processes at mid-ocean ridges. Together, these revolutionized the study of calcifying marine organisms and their role in the global carbon cycle. In recognition, he was awarded in 2003 the Francis J. Pettijohn Medal for Excellence by the Society for Sedimentary Geology. This seawater chemistry work is perhaps Hardie's most far-reaching contribution - with implications for geochemistry, mineralogy, tectonics, biological evolution (biomineralization), oil/gas resources, and climate change. Research and experimentation with evaporites, that took place early in his career, formed the foundation for the seawater chemistry hypothesis. Dr. Hardie advocated that the signal from evaporites may be the most robust evidence for seawater chemistry change. In particular, the observed secular changes in the mineralogy of potash evaporites and ooids and cements in marine limestones [6][7][8] is synchronous with greenhouse/hothouse climates and global sea level. Most of Hardie’s predicted changes in seawater chemistry have since been verified from study of seawater trapped inside crystals of marine halite [9].

Carbonates research

Hardie's work on carbonates began with field research on the modern shallow marine carbonates of the Bahamas with Bob Ginsburg and others [10]. Hardie's 1977 book [11] on the Bahamas work is considered by one reviewer a "masterpiece" of comparative sedimentology that remains one of the premier works on carbonate sedimentology to this day. This early work evolved into the study of ancient carbonates of western Maryland (Cambro-Ordovician) [12] and the Italian Dolomites (Triassic)[13] [14] [15]. Hardie's work on carbonates may be equally as far-reaching as the one on seawater chemistry, for understanding climate and sea level change, and the role of Milankovitch cycles in carbonate deposition.

Origin of dolomite

Hardie's investigations into the origins of dolomite may also count among his greatest scientific contributions [16] [17]. The occurrence of dolomite in the geologic record has puzzled many generations of geologists. It is intimately associated with the world's oil reserves: when dolomite replaces calcite minerals, its slightly smaller molar volume leaves voids in carbonate rock, wherein oil tends to migrate. In the Dolomites, Hardie (with student Edith Wilson)[18] demonstrated the hydrothermal origin of dolomite in the Triassic Latemar buildup. This revolutionized the paradigm of dolomite formation, leading to new discoveries about the nature of geological fluids and their chemical imprint on the rock record.

Depositional cycles and composite sea level changes

With regard to cyclic sedimentation, a major discovery of Hardie and his students and colleagues, was that platform carbonates of the Middle Triassic (Anisian-Ladinian) of the Latemar buildup consist of a vertical stack of over 500 thin (ave. thickness 0.6-0.85m) shallowing-upward depositional cycles that record high frequency eustatic sea level oscillations in tune to Milankovitch astronomical rhythms[19][20][21]. Each cycle consists of a basal shallow subtidal limestone capped by a thin (<0.15m) vadose dolomitic crust or caliche that records one submergence-emergence oscillation of duration about 20ky and amplitude on the order of a few meters. These 104y cycles are grouped into five-part megacycles (up to 5m thick and of 105y duration) characterized by progressive upward thinning of successive cycles within each megacycle. Repetitive bundling into sets of five cycles was demonstrated by autocorrelative time series analyses and Fischer plots. High resolution multitaper spectral analysis was used to show that the cyclostratigraphy was consistent with sea level oscillations with 20ky, 41ky, 53ky, 95ky and 100ky periodicities, within 5% of the Milankovitch lines predicted by recent astronomical calculations. Computer simulations showed that the Latemar cyclostratigraphy could be quantitatively reproduced using Milankovitch-controlled sea level oscillations.


Awards and honors

Francis J. Pettijohn Medal for Sedimentology, from the Society for Sedimentary Geology, 2003.
  • Francis J. Pettijohn Medal for Sedimentology, from the Society for Sedimentary Geology, 2003. As described by SEPM "The Francis J. Pettijohn Medal for Sedimentology is awarded in recognition of Excellence in Sedimentology. Nominees for the medal will be persons who have a significant record of outstanding contributions in sedimentary geology, including all aspects of sedimentology and stratigraphy. Recognition is not to be limited to members of the Society or other professional organizations, nor to citizens of any one country."
  • Selected by the Student Council of Johns Hopkins University as one of the top ten teachers in the School of Arts & Sciences in 1998 (The Johns Hopkins News-Letter, Vol. CII, Issue 22).
  • Oualline Distinguished Scholar at University of Texas, Austin, 1995.
  • The "Hardie Teaching Laboratory", in Olin Hall at JHU has been dedicated in 2014. This teaching, demonstration, and specimen room was used by Lawrie for his classes since Olin Hall was built in 1980-81, and contains many of his geological samples.
  • One of the annual Krieger School's Dean's Undergraduate Research Awards at JHU has been named after him, 2014.
  • The Lawrence A. Hardie Memorial Fund in Earth and Planetary Sciences at JHU, 2014.

Doctoral students

Student Year of Graduation
Thomas J. Tourek, Ph.D. 1971
Peter Garrett, Ph.D. 1971
Stanley C. Harrison, Ph.D. 1972
James R. Wood, Ph.D. 1972
Harold R. Wanless, Ph.D. 1973
Wayne Nesbitt, Ph.D. 1974
Joseph P. Smoot, Ph.D. 1978
David G. Morse, Ph. D. 1979
Robert V. Demicco, Ph.D. 1982
Raymond W. Mitchell III, Ph.D. 1982
Bruce M. Simonson, Ph.D. 1982
Ronald J. Spencer, Ph.D. 1982
Tim K. Lowenstein, Ph.D 1983
Barbara Castens-Seidell, Ph.D. 1985
Chau Trung Nguyen, Ph.D. 1987
Mary L. Barrett, Ph.D. 1988
Robert K. Goldhammer, Ph.D 1988
Mark Thomas Harris, Ph.D. 1989
Edith Newton Wilson, Ph.D. 1989
Paul A. Dunn, Ph.D 1992
Lyndon A. Yose, Ph.D. 1993
Linda A. Hinnov, Ph.D. 1994
William G. Zempolich, Ph.D. 1995
Dmitry A. Bazykin, Ph.D. 1998
Kathryn Schubel, Ph.D. 1998
Andrea Cozzi, Ph.D. 1999
John A. Luczaj, Ph.D. 2000
Justin B. Ries, Ph.D. (Co-advisor) 2005


Co-authors

Blackburn, IR; Bosellini, Alfonso; Brack, Peter; Brennan, Sean T; Bricker, Owen P; Church, Michael J; Coniglio, Mario; Cozzi, A.; De Zanche, V.; De Zanche, Vittorio; Demicco, R.V.; Diegel, Frederick A ; Donnay, Gabrielle; Donnay, JDH; Dunn, P.A.; Eugster, Hans P; Forkner, Rob M; Fuchtbauer, H; Ginsburg, Robert K; Goldhammer R.K.; Harris, M.T.; Harvie, C.E.; Hinnov, L.A.; Longstaffe, Frederick John; Lowenstein, T.K.; Mason, Brian; McKibben, M.A.; Meier, Martin; Middleton, Gerard V; Mietto, Paolo; Monty, CLV; Mundil, James L; Munoz, J.L.; Oberli, Felix; Phillips, Owen M; Preto, Nereo; Read, JF; Reinhardt, Juergen; Rieber, Hans; Ries, J.B.; Roberson, K; Shinn, E.A.; Shinn, Eugene A; Smoot, J.P.; Sonnenfeld, Peter; Spencer, R.J.; Stanley, Steven M; Steinhauff, DM; Timofeeff, Michael N; Walker, KR; Weare, J.H.; Wilson, E.; Zempolich, W.G.; Zimmermann, Heide;

References

  1. ^ Lester King was a famed geomorphologist who offered a very different view of the origin of continental landscaping than that of Davis. He was also an early proponent of continental drift, having lectured on this matter at a number of U.S. universities during a tour in 1958, apparently to deaf ears.
  2. ^ http://hub.jhu.edu/2014/01/28/lawrence-hardie-eps
  3. ^ http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2014-01-17/news/bs-md-ob-lawrence-hardie-20140117_1_geology-ocean-salinity-students
  4. ^ Hardie (1996)
  5. ^ Hardie (2003)
  6. ^ Hardie (2003)
  7. ^ Stanley et al. (2005)
  8. ^ Demicco et al. (2005)
  9. ^ Lowenstein et al., (2001)
  10. ^ Ginsburg and Hardie (1975)
  11. ^ Hardie (1977)
  12. ^ Demicco et al. (1994)
  13. ^ Hardie et al. (1986)
  14. ^ Goldhammer et al. (1990)
  15. ^ Hardie et al. (1991)
  16. ^ Hardie (1987)
  17. ^ Wilson et al. (1990)
  18. ^ Wilson et al. (1990)
  19. ^ Goldhammer and Hardie (1987)
  20. ^ Goldhammer et al. (1990)
  21. ^ Hardie (1991)



Selected Publications

1960's

  • Hardie, Lawrence A (1962). "The Fault-Pattern of Coastal Natal: an Experimental Reproduction". Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa. 65: 203–206.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A.; Munoz, James L.; Donnay, Gabrielle; Donnay, J. D. H. (1964). "Morphological analysis of hodgkinsonite". American Mineralogist. 49: 415–420.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Mason, Brian; Donnay, Gabrielle; Hardie, Lawrence A (1964). "Ferric tourmaline from Mexico". Science. 144 (3614): 71–73.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A (1967). "The gypsum-anhydrite equilibrium at one atmosphere pressure". The American Mineralogist. 52: 171–200.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A (1968). "The origin of the recent non-marine evaporite deposit of Saline Valley, Inyo County, California". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 32 (12): 1279–1301.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

1970's

  • Hardie, Lawrence A; Eugster, Hans P (1970). "The evolution of closed-basin brines". Mineral. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap (3): 273–290.
  • Hardie, Lawrence; Eugster, Hans P (1971). "The depositional environment of marine evaporites: a case for shallow, clastic accumulation". Sedimentology (6): 187–200.
  • Bosellini, Alfonso; Hardie, Lawrence A (1973). "Depositional theme of a marginal marine evaporite". Sedimentology. 20 (1): 5–27.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Eugster, Hans P; Hardie, Lawrence A (1975). "Sedimentation in an ancient playa-lake complex: the Wilkins Peak Member of the Green River Formation of Wyoming". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 86 (3): 319–334.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Ginsburg, Robert N; Hardie, Lawrence A (1975). Tidal and storm deposits, northwestern Andros Island, Bahamas. Vol. 22. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 201–208.
  • Reinhardt, Lawrence A; Hardie (1976). "Selected examples of carbonate sedimentation, Lower Paleozoic of Maryland". Maryland Geological Survey Guidebook (5).
  • Monty, CLV; Hardie, Lawrence A (1976). "The Geological Significance of the Freshwater Blue-Green Algal Calcareous Marsh". Developments in sedimentology. 20: 447–477.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A (1977). Sedimentation on the modern carbonate tidal flats of northwest Andros Island, Bahamas. Vol. 22. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Eugster, Hans P; Hardie, Lawrence A (1978). "Saline lakes". Lakes. Springer-Verlag: 237–293.
  • Hardie, Lawrence A; Smoot, Joseph P.; Eugster, Hans P. (1978). "Saline lakes and their deposits: a sedimentological approach". Modern and Ancient Lake Sediments. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication No. 2: 7–42. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

1980's

  • Hardie, Lawrence A; Eugster, Hans P. (1980). "Evaporation of seawater: calculated mineral sequences". Science. 208 (4443): 498–500.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Demicco, Robert V; Hardie, Lawrence A (1981). "Patterns of platform and off-platform carbonate sedimentation in the upper Cambrian of the central Appalachians and their implications for sea level history". Short Papers for the 2nd International Symp. on the Cambrian System 1981, U.S.G.S. Open-File Report 81-743 (81–743): 67–70. {{cite journal}}: line feed character in |journal= at position 68 (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A (1983). "Origin of CaCl2 brines by basalt-seawater interaction: Insights provided by some simple mass balance calculations". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 82 (2–3): 205–213.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A (1984). "Evaporites; marine or non-marine?". American Journal of Science. 284 (3): 193–240.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A; Lowenstein, Timothy K; Spencer, Ronald J (1985). "The problem of distinguishing between primary and secondary features in evaporites". Sixth Int. Symposium on Salt 1983, Alexandria, Va., The Salt Institute. 1: 11–39. {{cite journal}}: line feed character in |journal= at position 35 (help)
  • Lowenstein, Timothy K; Hardie, Lawrence A (1985). "Criteria for the recognition of salt‐pan evaporites". Sedimentology. 32 (5): 627–644.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A; Shinn, E A (1986). "Carbonate depositional environments: modern and ancient". Part 3: Tidal flats. Colorado School of Mines Quarterly. 81 (1): 7–35.
  • Hardie, Lawrence A; Bosellini, Alfonso; Goldhammer, Robert K (1986). "Repeated subaerial exposure of subtidal carbonate platforms, Triassic, northern Italy: evidence for high frequency sea level oscillations on a 104 year scale". Paleoceanography. 1 (4): 447–457.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Bosellini, A; Hardie, Lawrence A (1986). "Facies e cicli della Dolomia Principale delle Alpi Venete". Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital. 30: 245–266.
  • Hardie, Lawrence A (1987). "Dolomitization; a critical view of some current views". Journal of sedimentary research. 57 (1): 166–183.
  • Goldhammer, Robert K; Hardie, Lawrence A (1987). "High frequency glacio-eustatic sealevel oscillations with Milankovitch characteristics recorded in Middle Triassic platform carbonates in northern Italy". American Journal of Science. 287 (9): 853–892.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A (1989). "Cyclic platform carbonates in the Cambro-Ordovician of the central Appalachians: Field Trip Guidebook T161". 28th International Geol. Congress: 51–88.

1990's

  • Goldhammer, Robert K; Dunn, Paul A; Hardie, Lawrence A (1990). "Depositional cycles, composite sea level changes, cycle stacking patterns and the hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing: Examples form the platform carbonates of the Alpine Triassic". Geol. Soc. America Bull. 102: 535–562.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A. (1990). "The roles of rifting and hydrothermal CaCl 2 brines in the origin of potash evaporites; an hypothesis". American Journal of Science. 290 (1): 43–106.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Wilson, Edith Newton; Hardie, Lawrence A; Phillips, Owen M (1990). "Dolomitization front geometry, fluid flow patterns, and the origin of massive dolomite: the Triassic Latemar buildup, northern Italy". American Journal of Science. 290 (7): 741–796.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Goldhammer, Robert K; Dunn, Paul A; Hardie, Lawrence A (1990). "Depositional cycles, composite sea-level changes, cycle stacking patterns, and the hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing: examples from Alpine Triassic platform carbonates". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 102 (5): 535–562.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Spencer, Ronald J; Hardie, Lawrence A (1990). "Control of seawater composition by mixing of river waters and mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal brines". In Fluid-Mineral Interactions: A Tribute to H.P. Eugster, Spec. Publ. No. 2, ed. R.J. Spencer and I-M Chou, San Antonio, Geochemical Society: 409–419. {{cite journal}}: line feed character in |journal= at position 41 (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A (1991). "On the significance of evaporites". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 19: 131–168.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Zempolich, William G; Hardie, Lawrence A (1991). "Massive burial dolomitization: The Jurassic Vajont Oolite of northeast Italy". Dolomieu Conference on Carbonate Platforms and Dolomitization, Ortisei, The Dolomites, Italy: 297.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A (1991). "On the origin and significance of high frequency depositional cycles in shallow carbonate platforms". Dolomieu Conference on Carbonate Platforms and Dolomitization, Ortisei, The Dolomites, Italy: 102–103.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A; Wilson, E Newton; Goldhammer, Robert K (1991). "Cyclostratigraphy and dolomitization of the Middle Triassic Latemar buildup, the Dolomites, northern Italy". Guidebook, Excursion F, Dolomieu Conference on Carbonate Platforms and Dolomitization, Ortisei, The Dolomites, Italy: 56.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A; Dunn, Paul A; Goldhammer, Robert K (1991). "Field and Modelling Studies of Cambrian Carbonate Cycles, Virginia Appalachians: DISCUSSION". Journal of Sedimentary Research: 61.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Goldhammer, Robert K; Harris, Mark T; Dunn, Paul A; Hardie, Lawrence A (1993). "Sequence stratigraphy and system tract development of the Latemar platform, Middle Triassic of the Dolomites (northern Italy): Outcrop calibration keyed to cycle stacking patterns". In Loucks, R.G. and Sarg, J.F. (eds.) Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy, Recent Developments and Applications, AAPG Memoir. 57: 353–388.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Demicco, Robert V; Hardie, Lawrence A (1994). "Sedimentary structures and early diagenetic features of shallow marine carbonate deposits". SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) Atlas Series Number 1.
  • Hardie, Lawrence A (1996). "Secular variation in seawater chemistry: An explanation for the coupled secular variation in the mineralogies of marine limestones and potash evaporites over the past 600 my". Geology. 24 (3). Geological Society of America: 279--283.
  • McKibben, M A; Hardie, Lawrence A (1997). "Ore-forming brines in active continental rifts". In Barnes, H.L. (ed.) Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. 3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York: 877–935.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A; Hinnov, Linda A (1997). "Biostratigraphic and radiometric age data question the Milankovitch characteristics of the Latemar cycle (Southern Alps, Italy): Comment and Reply". Geology. 25 (5): 470–472.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Zempolich, William G; Hardie, Lawrence A (1998). "Geometry of dolomite bodies within deep-water resedimented oolite of the Middle Jurassic Vajont Limestone, Venetian Alps, Italy: Analogs for hydrocarbon reservoirs created through fault-related burial dolomitization". In J. Kupez, J. Gluyas and S. Bloch (eds.), Reservoir Quality Prediction in Sandstones and Carbonates, AAPG Memoir. 69: 127–162.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Stanley, Steven M; Hardie, Lawrence A (1998). "Secular oscillations in the carbonate mineralogy of reef-building and sediment-producing organisms driven by tectonically forced shifts in seawater chemistry". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 144 (1). Elsevier: 3–19.
  • Stanley, Steven M; Hardie, Lawrence A (1999). "Hypercalcification: paleontology links plate tectonics and geochemistry to sedimentology". GSA Today. 9 (2): 1–7.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

2000's

  • Lowenstein, Tim K; Timofeeff, Michael N; Brennan, Sean T; Hardie, Lawrence A; Demicco, Robert V (2001). "Oscillations in Phanerozoic seawater chemistry: Evidence from fluid inclusions". Science. 294 (5544): 1086–1088.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Preto, Nereo; De Zanche, Vittorio; Hardie, Lawrence A (2001). "Middle Triassic orbital signature recorded in the shallow-marine Latemar carbonate buildup (Dolomites, Italy)". Geology. 29 (12): 1123–1126.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Stanley, Steven M; Ries, Justin B; Hardie, Lawrence A (2002). "Low-magnesium calcite produced by coralline algae in seawater of Late Cretaceous composition". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 99 (24): 15323–15326.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Demicco, Robert V; Hardie, Lawrence A (2002). "The `carbonate factory' revisited: A reexamination of sediment production functions used to model deposition on carbonate platforms". Journal of Sedimentary Research. 72 (6): 849–857.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Lowenstein, Tim K; Hardie, Lawrence A; Timofeeff, Michael N; Demicco, Robert V (2003). "Secular variation in seawater chemistry and the origin of calcium chloride basinal brines". Geology. 31 (10): 857–860.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Demicco, Robert V; Lowenstein, Tim K.; Hardie, Lawrence A (2003). "Atmospheric pCO2 since 60 Ma from records of seawater pH, calcium, and primary carbonate mineralogy". Geology. 31 (9): 793–796.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Cozzi, Andrea; Hardie, Lawrence A (2003). "Third-order depositional sequences controlled by synsedimentary extensional tectonics: evidence from Upper Triassic carbonates of the Carnian Prealps ((N.E. Italy)". Terra Nova. 15 (1): 40–45.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A. (2003). "Secular variations in Precambrian seawater chemistry and the timing of Precambrian aragonite seas and calcite seas". Geology. 31 (9): 785–788.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A. (2003). "Anhydrite and Gypsum". in Middleton, G. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordtrecht, Holland.: 16–19.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A. (2003). "Evaporites". in Middleton, G. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordtrecht, Holland.: 257–263.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A. (2003). "Sabkha, Salt Flat, Salina". in Middleton, G. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordtrecht, Holland.: 584–585.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Hardie, Lawrence A; Lowenstein, Tim K (2004). "Did the Mediterranean Sea dry out during the Miocene? A reassessment of the evaporite evidence from DSDP Legs 13 and 42A cores". Journal of Sedimentary Research. 74 (4): 453–461.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Stanley, Steven M; Ries, Justin B; Hardie, Lawrence A (2005). "Seawater chemistry, coccolithophore population growth, and the origin of Cretaceous chalk". Geology. 33 (7): 593–596.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Demicco, Robert V; Lowenstein, Tim K; Hardie, Lawrence A; Spencer, Ronald J. (2005). "Model of seawater composition for the Phanerozoic". Geology. 33 (11): 877–880.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Cozzi, Andrea; Hinnov, Linda A; Hardie, Lawrence A (2005). "Orbitally forced Lofer cycles in the Dachstein Limestone of the Julian Alps (northeastern Italy)". Geology. 33 (10): 789–792.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Ries, Justin B; Stanley, Steven M; Hardie, Lawrence A (2006). "Scleractinian corals produce calcite, and grow more slowly, in artificial Cretaceous seawater". Geology. 34 (7): 525–528.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  • Stanley, Steven M; Ries, Justin B; Hardie, Lawrence A (2010). "Increased production of calcite and slower growth for the major sediment-producing alga Halimeda as the Mg/Ca ratio of seawater is lowered to a 'calcite sea' level". Journal of Sedimentary Research. 1 (6): 16.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

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Category:Professor at Johns Hopkins University Category:American geologists Category:American sedimentoligists Category:American geochemists Category:Johns Hopkins University faculty Category:Francis J. Pettijohn Medal Category:Johns Hopkins University alumni Template:Link FA

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