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Characterization as pseudoscience in sources: |
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*"''Both ''[astrology and ayurveda]'' are labeled 'pseudosciences' in the official agenda of the rationalists''" The "rationalists" with an official agenda being referred to are the Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmulan Samiti (ANiS) a significant focus of the book ''Disenchanting India'' which is described in it's introduction as about, "''a movement that is based on the explicit intent to challenge belief in magical powers of irrational efficacy as well as the influence of charismatic gurus''."<ref name= "Quack2011">{{cite book |last= Quack |first= Johannes |year= 2011 |title= Disenchanting India: Organized Rationalism and Criticism of Religion in India |publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] |isbn= 9780199812608 |pages= [http://books.google.com/books?id=TNbxUwhS5RUC&pg=PA213 213], [http://books.google.com/books?id=TNbxUwhS5RUC&pg=PA3 3]}}</ref> |
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*"''The internet and the open-access movement are enabling the publishing and proliferation of numerous pseudo-science journals. Ayurvedic medicine is an example of a bogus science that boasts an increasing number of pretend scholarly journals''." "''I realize some are applying scientific methods to the study of Ayurveda, but it is still quackery''." In an article on pseudoscience journals which lists 10 journals on ayurveda as pseudoscientific.<ref name= "Beall2013">{{ cite web |last= Beall |first= Jeffrey |authorlink= Jeffrey Beall |date= 2013-10-01 |title= The open access movement is fueling the emergence of pseudo-science journals |url= http://scholarlyoa.com/2013/10/01/fueling-the-emergence-of-pesudo-science-journals/ |work= Scholarly Open Access |accessdate=}}</ref> This article (Beall 2013) was cited in an article (Manohar 2013) stating, "'' Already Ayurveda has been characterized as “pseudoscience” by Beall''..." Manohar also stated in his own voice, "''The fact remains that the publication of research papers and journals in Ayurveda has not come of age. There are serious issues with research methodologies and the process of research itself with the result that more than often, publication of a research paper serves only the purpose of imitating what is done in the domain of biomedical research, without really advancing either the knowledge or the cause of Ayurveda''." This from an author advocating ayurveda as a valid subject for scientific research.<ref name= "Manohar2013">{{cite journal |last= Manohar |first= PR |title= Uniform standards and quality control of research publications in the field of Ayurveda |journal= Ancient Science of Life |volume= 32 |issue= 4 |pages= 185–6 |date= April 2013 |pmid= 24991064 |pmc= 4078466 |doi= 10.4103/0257-7941.131968}}</ref> |
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*In the ''Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry'', "''Nevertheless we can be fooled when a set of ideas is presented in a scientific way, even though it does not bear scrutiny. These pseudoscientific theories may be based upon authority...concern the unobservable... confuse metaphysical with empirical claims (e.g. acupuncture, cellular memory, reiki, therapeutic touch, Ayurvedic medicine)...''"<ref name= "Semple & Smyth">{{cite book |editor-last1= Semple |editor-first1= David |editor-last2= Smyth |editor-first2= Roger |title= Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry |year= 2013 |publisher= [[Oxford University Press]] |isbn= 9780191015908 |page= [http://books.google.com/books?id=5h9FAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20 20]}}</ref> |
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*In ''Science, Spirituality and the Modernization of India'', "''It may be pointed out that varied views are prevalent on the epistemological nature of Ayurveda. There are people who would rate Ayurveda as a proto-scientific system of thought, yet others would go so far as to reject Ayurveda as pseudo-science altogether, not to speak of characterizing it as unscientific. Today, Ayurvedic professionals are struggling to prove the so-called 'scientificity' of Ayurveda.''"<ref name= "Paranjape2009">{{cite book |first= Makarand R. |last= Paranjape |year= 2009 |title= Science, Spirituality and the Modernization of India |publisher= Anthem Press |isbn= 9781843317760 |pages= [http://books.google.com/books?id=Ey1v6JEmvakC&lpg=PA173 172-3]}}</ref> |
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*Science journalist [[David Bradley (UK journalist)|David Bradley]] wrote, "''One area of non-western science that many western medics and scientists say is nothing more than pseudoscientific claptrap is Ayurvedic medicine''."<ref name= "Bradley2006>{{cite web |last= Bradley |first= David |authorlink= David Bradley (UK journalist) |date= November 27, 2006 |title= Ayurvedic Analysis |url= http://www.sciencebase.com/science-blog/ayurvedic-analysis.html |work= sciencebase |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*"''At worst, Ayurveda is a multi-million dollar business of sham cures based on astrology, gem healing, psychic healing, mantras and the faulty science of bodily humors, spun through either fraud or naiveté.''", "''Buying into the Ayurvedic belief as promulgated by these experts allows one to journey back to a time when humans did not know what caused disease''.", "''Despite their claims Ayurvedic healers cannot diagnose illnesses such as diabetes, ulcers of cirrhosis by taking one's pulse''.", "''But these traditional healers have yet to make correct diagnoses in a scientifically controlled setting''.", "''Ayurveda manuals offer cures for bacterial and viral infections, such as mumps and measles. Children, including those in India, have died through the ages from such infections, all easily treated today with modern medicine''." The author (Wanjek 2003) provides a full chapter discussing how ayurveda is pseudoscience.<ref name= "Wanjek2003">{{cite book |last= Wanjek |first= Christopher |title= Bad Medicine: Misconceptions and Misuses Revealed, from Distance Healing to Vitamin O |chapter= Ch. 28: Reversal of Fortune: The Viability of Ayurveda |year= 2003 |publisher= John Wiley & Sons |isbn= 9780471463153|pages= [http://books.google.com/books?id=oIJ5TKh7mPgC&pg=PA168 168-73]}}</ref> |
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*Ayurveda warrants an entry in the ''[[Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience|Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy]]'' published by [[Routledge]] in 2013.<ref name= "EncOfPS">{{cite book |editor-last= Williams |editor-first= William F. |year= 2013 |title= [[Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience|Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy]] |publisher= [[Routledge]] |isbn= 9781135955229 |page= [http://books.google.com/books?id=vH1EAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT51 23] |chapter= Ayurvedic Medicine}}</ref> |
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*"''They claim that the pills inhibit virus proliferation. The doctors are unable to produce evidence of effectiveness. Independent tests conducted by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control found that the pills had a negligible effect upon the HIV virus, but were 100,000 times more toxic than AZT''." Making medical claims that don't hold up to scientific testing is pseudoscience.<ref>{{cite web |title= Ayurvedic Docs Promote Unproven AIDS Pills |url= http://www.ncahf.org/nl/1991/1-2.html |work= NCAHF Newsletter |date= January–February 1991 |volume= 14 |issue= 1 |publisher= [[National Council Against Health Fraud]] |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*"''Since the practice is said to be some 5,000 years old in India, what it considers to be knowledge or science may not coincide with the most updated information available to Western medicine''."<ref name= "SkepDicAV">{{cite book |last= Carroll |first= Robert Todd |authorlink= Robert Todd Carroll |chapter= Ayurvedic medicine |title= [[The Skeptic's Dictionary]] |url= http://skepdic.com/ayurvedic.html |edition= online |accessdate= }}</ref> |
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*"''Because Ayurvedic medicine relies on nonsensical diagnostic concepts and involves many unproven products, using it would be senseless even if all of the products were safe''.", "''Proponents state that ayurvedic medicine originated in ancient time, but much of it was lost until reconstituted in the early 1980s by the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi''.", "''Like astrologic writings, ayurvedic writings contain long lists of supposed physical and mental characteristics of each constitutional type''.", "''Ayurvedic proponents have claimed that the symptoms of disease are always related to the balance of the doshas, which can be determined by feeling the patient's wrist pulse or completing a questionnaire. Some proponents claim (incorrectly) that the pulse can be used to detect diabetes, cancer, musculoskeletal disease, asthma, and 'imbalances at early stages when there may be no other clinical signs and when mild forms of intervention may suffice'.''", "''Some proponents state that the Maharishi Vedic approach includes 'knowledge of how the influence of the planets affects health, prosperity, and every area of life' and that 'negative influences can be neutralized through the proper procedures'.''"<ref name= "QWAV">{{cite web |last= Barrett |first= Stephen |authorlink= Stephen Barrett |date= August 28, 2012 |title= A few thoughts on ayurvedic mumbo-jumbo |url= http://www.quackwatch.com/04ConsumerEducation/chopra.html |work= [[Quackwatch]]}}</ref> |
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*"''The authors claimed in their JAMA article that this procedure ''[''<nowiki>'pulse diagnoses'</nowiki>'']'' (which critics such as William Jarvis, PhD, president of the National Council Against Health Fraud, Loma Linda, Calif, describe as a variation of palm reading) can diagnose diseases not limited to the cardiovascular system, including asthma, cancer, and diabetes''."<ref name= "Skolnick1991">{{cite journal |last= Skolnick |first= AA |authorlink= Andrew A. Skolnick |title= Maharishi Ayur-Veda: Guru's marketing scheme promises the world eternal 'perfect health' |journal= [[JAMA]] |volume= 266 |issue= 13 |pages= 1741–2, 1744–5, 1749–50 |date= October 1991 |pmid= 1817475 |doi= |url= http://www.aaskolnick.com/new/articles/JAMA_MAV.htm}}</ref> |
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*"''The ad pictured below was distributed in 1998 by Maharishi Ayur-Ved Products International, a prominent marketer of ayurvedic products. The ad states that, 'For thousands of years, Ghee has been used for its many healthful values.' That statement is literally true because ghee is an Indian folk remedy. But whether eating it promotes health is another story''."<ref name= "QWGhee">{{cite web |last= Barrett |first= Stephen |authorlink= Stephen Barrett |date= September 18, 1998 |title= How many health benefits can fit in a bottle of ghee |url= http://www.quackwatch.com/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/PhonyAds/ghee.html |work= [[Quackwatch]]}}</ref> |
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*"''Atreya takes us through the humoral system upon which classical Ayurveda is based, explaining the three humors...''" A theoretical foundation on the three humors is pseudoscientific.<ref name= "Alter2011">{{cite book |editor-last= Alter |editor-first= Joseph S. |title= Asian Medicine and Globalization | year= 2011 |publisher= [[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |isbn= 0812205251 |page= [http://books.google.com/books?id=wGQUBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA125 125]}}</ref> |
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*"''Alternative medicine, while offering some treatment methods that may have value, is generally thought of as encompassing a variety of popular but unproven and nonsensical healing methods... Ayurvedic medicine, acupuncture, and 40 or 50 other questionable metaphysical healing methods sheltered under the umbrella of alternative care''."<ref name= "Shermer2002">{{cite book |editor-last= Shermer |editor-first= Michael |editorlink= Michael Shermer |title= [[The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience]] |publisher= [[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn= 9781576076538 |page= [http://books.google.com/books?id=Gr4snwg7iaEC&pg=PA312 312]}}</ref> |
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*"''The system known by that name ''[ayurveda]'', now practised by those who call themselves professors of ayurveda, is a perversion of the art that originally prevailed, due to the use of mercury and other deadly drugs''."<ref name="Sarma2013">{{cite book |last1= Sarma |first1= K. Laksmana |last2= Swaminathan |first2= S. |title= Speaking of Nature Cure |year= 2013 |publisher= [[Sterling Publishing]] |isbn= 9781845570286 |page= [http://books.google.com/books?id=5vySQHzBWiMC&pg=PA30 30]}}</ref> |
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*"''The core set of interventions defined by the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education in North America includes: acupuncture and oriental medicine (traditional Chinese medicine, ayurveda),...Naturopathy is viewed by some critics, including scientists and the medical profession, as it relies on unproven treatments, some of which are considered pseudoscience or quackery''."<ref name="Yawalkar2009">{{cite book |last= Yawalkar |first= Nikhil |title= Management of Psoriasis |year= 2009 |publisher= [[Karger Publishers|Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers]] |isbn= 9783805591515 |page= [http://books.google.com/books?id=Hjt3RaJInZIC&pg=PA157 157]}}</ref> |
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*"''They recommended that ARVs ''[Anti–Retroviral drugs]'' be avoided and that all forms of immune deficiency be treated with vitamins and 'alternative' and 'complementary' therapies including 'massage therapy, music therapy, yoga, spiritual care, homeopathy, Indian ayurvedic medicine, light therapy and many other methods' (PAAP, 2001: 79, 86). This leap — from the critique of mainstream biomedical science on AIDS to the promotion of unproven and unregulated alternative therapies...''"<ref name="Frazier2009">{{cite book |last= Frazier |first= Kendrick |authorlink= Kendrick Frazier |year= 2009 |title= Science Under Siege: Defending Science, Exposing Pseudoscience |publisher= [[Prometheus Books]] |isbn= 9781615925940 |page= [http://books.google.com/books?id=w8e5-URInCUC&pg=PA140 140]}}</ref> |
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*"''Modern day homoeopaths claim connections with Ayurvedic medicine, a belief system where different parts of the body are said to be linked by humours and a spiritual energy undetectable by any conventional science'',"<ref name= "Taylor2004">{{cite news |last= Taylor |first= NT |date= May 17, 2004 |title= Unnecessary pseudoscience |url= http://www.vetpath.co.uk/voodoo/pseud.html |magazine= Veterinary Times |volume= 38 |issue= 18 |pages= 24–5}}</ref> |
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*"Selling pseudoscience: A rent in the fabric of American medicine" presents a critique of studies of ayurveda.<ref name= "Mielczarek2014">{{cite news |last1= Mielczarek |first1= Eugenie V. |last2= Engler |first2= Brian D. |title= Selling pseudoscience: A rent in the fabric of American medicine |url= http://www.csicop.org/si/show/selling_pseudoscience_a_rent_in_the_fabric_of_american_medicine/ |magazine= [[Skeptical Inquirer]] |date= May–June 2014 |volume= 38 |issue= 3}}</ref> |
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*"''And some say the Ayurvedic premise of body types is unscientific, which undermines any studies that rely on them''."<ref name= "Pulla2014">{{cite journal |last= Pulla |first= P |date= October 24, 2014 |title= Searching for science in India's traditional medicine |journal= [[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume= 346 |issue= 6208 |page= 410 |doi= 10.1126/science.346.6208.410 |pmid= 25342781}}</ref> |
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*"''The treatment? Reshape 'the proper sequence of sounds using Ayurveda's primordial sound,' which 'guides the disrupted DNA back into line.' 'Once the sequence of sound is restored,' Dr. Chopra assures us, 'the tremendous structural rigidity of the DNA should again protect it from future disruptions.' To put it mildly, Dr. Chopra proposes a treatment and prevention program for AIDS that has no supporting empirical data''."<ref name= "Schneiderman2003">{{cite journal |last= Schneiderman |first= LJ |date= Summer 2003 |title= The (alternative) medicalization of life |journal= The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics |volume= 31 |issue= 2 |page= 191}}</ref> |
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*"Ayurvedic medicine" by Marc Carrier provides a rather detailed examination of ayurveda as pseudoscience. He states, "''Ayurveda - which roughly translates as 'life knowledge' - is an ancient vitalist system similar to the archaic European theory of humours, which was supplanted by evidence-based science in the 19th century''." and "'' Ayurvedic medicine teaches that good health is achieved when these forces ''[''the three Ayurvedic vital forces - or doshas'']'' are in perfect balance. But the doshas are unrelated to any known physicochemical process. You cannot see them. You cannot touch them. They cannot be measured or quantified in any manner. They are essentially the product of a rich, albeit unscientific imagination''." Even cursory research into [[vitalism]] will reveal it is entirely pseudoscience.<ref name= "Carrier2011">{{cite news |last= Carrier |first= Marc |date= 2011 |magazine= [[Skeptic (U.S. magazine)|Skeptic]] |volume= 16 |issue= 2 |pages= 17-9, 64}}</ref> |
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*A rather complete explanation is given by Sujatha (2011) in "What could 'integrative' medicine mean? Social science perspectives on contemporary Ayurveda". Although lengthy this is a full and detailed explanation of how ayurveda is pseudoscientific. "'' In philosophy of science, a knowledge system is characterized by 4 core features: Objects of enquiry, norms of verification, conceptual architecture, and strategies of delineating its themes of study. Objects of enquiry are entities or group of elements that a knowledge system defines singularly according to specified rules and analyzes them consistently within a commonly accepted conceptual framework. The doshas, dhatus, and malas are thus some of the objects of analysis in the ayurvedic approach to the body. Norms of verification refer to the accepted manner of making statements and substantiating them, either experimentally or theoretically. In the case of clinical medicine, observation and interrogation of the patient, conducting tests and deciphering them, recording the results and taking decisions, all constitute the basis of statements made. Conceptual architecture refers to the consistent use of well-defined concepts within a community of experts. The articulation of stable rules by which certain themes of study or research questions are included within the body of knowledge is the fourth characteristic. All the 4 features have to be mutually consistent and governed by a standard body of rules for all statements made, for them to be regarded as a valid body of knowledge. Lack of consistency in the objects analyzed, incompatible modes of verification and prevalence of multiple conceptual frameworks are markers of incoherence and lack of rigor. Such discourses may even be termed as pseudosciences because the criterion of science does not lie in Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) per se, but the prevalence of internally consistent and rigorous rules of defining objects of study and methods of studying them among a community of experts. If we examine the situation of contemporary Ayurveda in terms of these features, we find that there is no disciplinary boundary or stability in its rules of verification.''"<ref name= "Sujatha2011">{{cite journal |last= Sujatha |first= V |date= July 2011 |title= What could 'integrative' medicine mean? Social science perspectives on contemporary Ayurveda |journal= Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine |volume= 2 |issue= 3 |pages= 115-23 |pmid= 22022153 |pmc= 3193682 |doi= 10.4103/0975-9476.85549}}</ref> |
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{{reflist-talk}} |
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[http://www.aaskolnick.com/new/articles/JAMA_MAV.htm Maharishi Ayur-Veda: guru's marketing scheme promises the world eternal 'perfect health'] PMID:1817475 |
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[http://www.quackwatch.com/04ConsumerEducation/chopra.html A Few Thoughts on Ayurvedic Mumbo-Jumbo] |
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{{Convert|1.18|lb|kg}} |
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:The_Banner&diff=prev&oldid=618267342 hit squad] |
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==Amen== |
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[http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2007/12/return_of_the_neuropundits.html Return of the neuropundits] Slate article. |
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It is very clearly in the sources that the uses for which Amen applies SPECT are not supported by the research and have been widely criticized. "The lack of empirical validation has led to widespread condemnation of diagnostic SPECT as premature and unproven." Is quite fairly paraphrased as, "The validity of SPECT comparisons for aiding diagnosis, or to guide treatment, is not supported by research and is widely criticized by [[mental health]] and [[medical imaging]] experts." Especially when it is backed up by multiple other sources as accurate and not contested in any reliable sources. |
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Read the position/consensus papers from the APA they are quite clear. Use of SPECT as a research tool is irrelevant to Amen's practice of using it to make diagnoses and evaluate the progress of treatment. This is clearly not supported by the APA statements or the field as multiple quoted individuals say in the sources. The sources also make multiple references to a wide body of professionals that are highly critical. A few examples follow. |
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:"'''Officials at major psychiatric and neuroscience associations and research centers say his SPECT claims are no more than myth and poppycock, buffaloing an unsuspecting public. None of the nation’s most prestigious medical organizations in the field — including the APA, the National Institute of Mental Health, the American College of Radiology, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and the National Alliance on Mental Illness — validates his claims. No major research institution takes his SPECT work seriously''', none regards him as 'the number one neuroscience guy,' and his revelations, which he presents to rapt audiences as dispatches from the front ranks of science, make the top tier of scientists roll their eyes or get very angry.", "'''The APA, in fact, has twice issued papers that dispute 'claims being made that brain imaging technology ... was useful for making a clinical diagnosis and for helping in treatment selections.<nowiki>'</nowiki>''' The most recent paper was published last month. It was the work of 12 doctors who spent three years assessing the latest research. '''The summary: 'There are currently no brain imaging biomarkers that are currently clinically useful for any diagnostic category in psychiatry.<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''" |
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Should this content be added as a direct quote or does the paraphrase used adequately convey it without analysis or synthesis? How would you paraphrase that? |
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What about these statements, |
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:"Few top researchers and scientists say that SPECT is anything but a research tool of limited clinical use in identifying strokes, brain injuries and the like. It is helpful in group studies, to say broad things about groups of patients, but '''not specific things about individual patients'''. And, researchers say, SPECT has largely since been surpassed by technologies such as PET and functional MRIs, which give images of far greater clarity. It’s no longer viewed as cutting edge. '''The APA first debunked many of Amen’s SPECT claims in a 2005 report'''." |
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How would you paraphrase that in terms of Amen's use of SPECT for specific things about individual patients? |
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There's this, |
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:"His '''fellow psychiatrists say his brain-scan system is a sham'''." and "Daniel Amen is perhaps America’s most in-demand psychiatrist. He’s also '''one of the most reviled''', at least '''among his peers'''.", "'''Lieberman ''and many of his peers'' say there’s simply no proof that the blood-flow activity SPECT tracks can be useful for anything beyond identifying basic medical conditions'''." and "Psychiatrists say there’s '''no proof that the activity Amen is measuring says much when''' it comes to distinguishing between natural psychiatric variations between people, even combined with questionnaires and assessments. 'There’s '''no evidence at all to support it''',' says Lieberman, 'and beyond that, anyone who is currently trying to use neuroimaging technologies to diagnose or characterize mental disorders would not use SPECT.' To treat SPECT scans as an effective diagnostic tool, says Dr. Paul Appelbaum, the director of the Division of Law, Ethics, and Psychiatry at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 'we would need to be able to say that, on the basis of the scan, we could reliably distinguish individual patients’ conditions from what is normal and from other psychiatric conditions.'" |
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Should we have the individuals quoted, plus a paraphrase of the author of the piece? |
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And this, |
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:"his peers think he's out of his mind" and "'''his critics – ''many'' representing major institutions''' such as the American Psychiatric Association — label him a snake oil huckster who preys on the afflicted. They liken him to '''a self-help guru rather than a scientis'''t" and "'SPECT is valuable for diagnosing neurological disorders like epilepsy, dementia and brain tumours,' says John Seibyl of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. 'But '''not for psychiatric disorders''' like depression. '''There’s no debate here'''.'", "as scanning techniques go, SPECT is old news. According to Elizabeth Oates of the American College of Radiology, 'PET (Positron Emission Technology) is a much better way to image the brain. The images have better resolution, and they map brain function, rather than just where the blood’s flowing.", "But what these images reveal is unclear. There’s no telling if the damaged brain is depressed or schizophrenic or none of the above. And as Amen admits, '''a slight adjustment of the settings on the software can transform a 'healthy' image to one that has suffered severe trauma. 'You can make it look like anything if you want''',' he says" |
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What quotes and paraphrases from this should be included? |
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This, |
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:"Amen relies heavily on SPECT to make an early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s so that it can be prevented. But '''medical science does not support his view'''." and "'SPECT scans are '''not sufficiently sensitive or specific to be useful in the diagnosis of A.D.,'''<nowiki>'</nowiki> neurologist Michael Greicius , who runs the Stanford University memory clinic, and has a special interest in the use of functional brain imaging in the diagnosis of A.D., tells me. 'The PBS airing of Amen’s program provides a stamp of scientific validity to '''work which has no scientific validity'''.'", Amen’s sense of calling hasn’t led him to undertake the high-quality clinical investigations that would lend scientific credence to his claims." |
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Statements by multiple sources that are uncontested by any reliable sources can be asserted clearly especially biomedical information that is backed by such high level sources as conensus statements from major respected national professional organizations. Such extensive criticism need not be placed in the article one item at a time and attributed but can fairly be described as "widely criticized" or it can be all included. Note in the sources above there are no weighty experts adding voices of support for Amen's ideas and practices. |
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The lead needs to include that the diagnoses ( or sub categories) "devised by Amen himself" are not supported by, recognized by and do not correlate with the accepted diagnoses of ADD and have not been researched to demonstrate validity, generalizability, consistency, specificity and sensitivity. Made up diagnoses need to be presented secondary to accepted mainstream medical science and the degree of support for them needs to be presented clearly. |
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:"Amen says this method has helped him identify new subtypes of anxiety, depression and attention deficit disorder, categories far more specific than even the forthcoming fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the benchmark of the field." |
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:"The Amen clinics use a system of diagnoses that does not correspond to the standard system defined by the DSM." |
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New subtypes and categories asserted by one practitioner that exceed "the benchmark of the field" with no peer reviewed research to support them and no evidence of acceptance in the field must be presented as fringe with mainstream understanding presented more prominently. |
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{{cite journal |last1= Kim |first1= T.H. |last2= Lee |first2= M.S. |last3= Kim |first3= K.H. |last4= Kang |first4= J.W. |last5= Choi |first5= T.Y. |last6= Ernst |first6= E. |displayauthors= 4 |journal= [[Cochrane Library|Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews]] |department= Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group |date= 23 June 2014 |title= Acupuncture for treating acute ankle sprains in adults |issue= 6 |page= Art. no. CD009065 |nopp= y |doi= 10.1002/14651858 |pmid= 24953665 |url= http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD009065.pub2/full |subscription= yes |publisher= [[John Wiley & Sons]]}} |
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/User:MrBill3/sandbox/Watch changes to skep articles] |
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==ARI== |
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*{{cite web |last= Barrett |first= Stephen |authorlink= Stephen Barrett |date= September 22, 2013 |title= Edelson Center closed after three suits alleging fraud and malpractice |url= http://www.quackwatch.org/11Ind/edelson.html |work= [[QuackWatch]] |accessdate= }} |
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*{{cite news |last= Brownstein |first= Joseph |date= March 9, 2010 |title= Father sues doctors over 'fraudulent' autism therapy |url= http://abcnews.go.com/Health/TheLaw/doctors-sued-autism-chelation-therapy/story?id=10045951&singlePage=true |work= [[ABC News]]}} |
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*{{Cite web | last = Woznicki | first = Katrina | title = British boy dies after chelation therapy for autism | url = http://www.medpagetoday.com/Neurology/Autism/1616 | work = [[MedPage Today]] | date = August 26, 2005 | accessdate = }} |
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==Virginia Henderson== |
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* {{cite AV media |title= Miss Virginia Henderson |format= WMV |publisher= National Library of Medicine and Sigma Theta Tau |url= http://www.stti.iupui.edu/stti/vhenderson.wmv |year= 1978 |series= Distinguished Leaders in Nursing}} A video interview by Anne Bavier and Eleanor Herrman with introduction by Nell Watts. |
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===Selected publications=== |
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* {{cite book |title= Medical and Surgical Asepsis |series= The Nursing Education Bulletin |issue= New Series, Bulletin III |year= 1935 |url= http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3624547;view=1up;seq=3 |last= Henderson |first= Virginia |authormask= 1 |publisher= Dept. of Nursing Education, Teachers College, Columbia University |location= New York}} |
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* {{cite book |title= Basic Principles of Nursing Care |last1= Henderson |first1= Virginia |last2= International Council of Nurses (ICN) |authormask1= 1 |year= 1961 |origyear= 1960 |location= London |publisher= ICN |oclc= 474222238}} |
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* {{cite book |title= Principles and Practice of Nursing |last1= Henderson |first1= Virginia |last2= Nite |first2= Gladys |last3= Harmer |first3= Bertha |last4= International Council of Nurses |location= New York |publisher= Macmillan |oclc= 41028074 |year= 1997 |authormask1=1 |ref= {{Harvid|Henderson & Nite|1978}}}} Originally published: (1978); New York: Macmillan. Henderson was also coauthor of the 4th (1955) edition. |
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* {{cite book |title= Nursing Studies Index: An Annotated Guide to Reported Studies, Research in Progress, Research Methods and Historical Materials in Periodicals, Books, and Pamphlets Published in English |last1= Henderson |first1= Virginia |last2= Yale University Nursing Index Staff |authormask1=1 |location= New York |publisher= Garland |year= 1984 |volume= Volumes I-IV |isbn= 9780824065157}} Originally published: V. IV (1963), V. I (1966), V. II (1970), V. III (1972); Philadelphia: JB Lippincott. |
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* {{cite book |last1= Simmons |first1= Leo W. |last2= Henderson |first2= Virginia |authormask2=1 |title= Nursing Research : A Survey and Assessment |year= 1964 |location= New York |publisher= Appleton-Century-Crofts |oclc= 451308225}} |
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* {{cite book |last= Henderson |first= Virginia |authormask= 1 |title= The Nature of Nursing : A Definition and its Implications for Practice, Research, and Education : Reflections After 25 Years |year= 1991 |location= New York |publisher= National League for Nursing Press |isbn= 9780887374944 |edition= {{harvnb|Henderson|1966}} Rev. and expanded}} |
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* {{cite book |last= Henderson |first= Virginia |editor-last= Halloran |editor-first= Edward J. |title= A Virginia Henderson Reader : Excellence in Nursing |year= 1995 |publisher= Springer |location= New York |authormask= 1 |isbn= 9780826188304}} |
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Blah.<ref name= "Remembering_STTI"/> Blah.<ref name= "Henderson1996"/> Blah.<ref name= "VA_HOF"/> Blah.<ref name= "Halloran1996"/> |
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===References=== |
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{{reflist|refs= |
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<ref name="Remembering_STTI">{{cite journal |url= http://www.nursinglibrary.org/vhl/pages/VHLonRNL.html |title= Remembering the first lady of nursing |publisher= [[Sigma Theta Tau]] |last= McBride |first= Angela Barron |journal= Reflections in Nursing Leadership |year= 1996}}</ref> |
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<ref name= "Henderson1996">{{cite book |last= Henderson |first= Virginia |last2= Halloran |first2= Edward J. |title= The Nature of Nursing: A Definition and its Implications for Practice, Research, and Education |year= 1966 |edition= revised |location= New York |publisher= Macmillan Publishing |page= 15 |oclc= 602517253 |ref={{Harvid|Henderson|1966}}}}</ref> |
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<ref name= "VA_HoF">{{cite web |title= Virginia Avenel Henderson |url= http://www.library.vcu.edu/tml/speccoll/vnfame/henderson.html |work= Virginia Nursing Hall of Fame, Virginia Nursing Archives |publisher= Special Collections and Archives, Tompkins-McCaw Library, Virginia Commonwealth University}}</ref> |
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<ref name= "Halloran1996">{{cite journal |last= Halloran |first= Edward J. |title= Virginia Henderson and her timeless writings |journal= Journal of Advanced Nursing |year= 1996 |volume= 23 |pages= 17-27}}</ref> |
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|close=1}} |
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===Further reading=== |
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* {{cite book |last1= Smith |first1= James Patrick |last2= Henderson |first2= Virginia |title= Virginia Henderson: The First Ninety Years |year= 1989 |location= London |publisher= Scutari |isbn= 9781871364286}} |
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==Reference Templates== |
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Veda |
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<ref name= Prabhupada2012>{{citation |others= Translated by [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada|Prabhupada, A.C.B.S.]] |year= 2012 |title= [[Bhagavata Purana|Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam]] |chapter= Canto 1: Creation |chapter= SB 1.3: Kṛṣṇa Is the Source of All Incarnations |at= [http://vedabase.com/en/sb/1/3/17 SB 1.3.17] |edition= online |publisher= Bhaktivedanta Archives |location= Sandy Ridge, NC |work= The Bhaktivedanta VedaBase® |accessdate= |archiveurl= |archivedate= }}</ref> |
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Podcast |
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<ref>{{cite podcast |url=http://skepticzone.libsyn.com/the-skeptic-zone-214-24-nov-2012 |title=The Skeptic Zone |number= 214 |website=[[Australian Skeptics#The Skeptic Zone|The Skeptic Zone]] |publisher=[[Liberated Syndication]] |location=Pittsburgh, PA |host=[[Richard Saunders (skeptic)|Saunders, Richard]] |date=November 24, 2012 |time=0:06:30 |accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref><ref name = "zone203">{{cite episode | series = The Skeptic Zone | serieslink = Australian_Skeptics#The_Skeptic_Zone | last = Saunders | first = Richard (host) | authorlink = Richard Saunders (skeptic) | number = 203 | url = http://skepticzone.libsyn.com/the-skeptic-zone-203-8-sep-2012 | date = 7 September 2012 | publisher = [[Australian Skeptics]] | format = podcast| accessdate = }}</ref> |
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Hansard |
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<ref>{{cite web |author=Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster |url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/vo020510/text/20510w11.htm |title=House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 10 May 2002 (pt 11) |publisher=Parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2010-06-30}}</ref> |
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Court |
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<ref>{{cite court |litigants= CHILD Inc. v. Min De Parle |vol= 212 |reporter= F.3d |opinion= 1084 |pinpoint= |court= 8th Cir. |date= 2000 |url= https://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F3/212/212.F3d.1084.98-3521.html |accessdate= |quote= }}</ref> |
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AV Media |
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<ref>{{cite AV media | people = Larry King Live: Friedman & Klass pt. 2 of 2 | title = Larry King Live | medium = television interview | publisher = [[Cable News Network]] | location = Washington D.C. | date = 06-24-1987 | url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJM4oL2ZAbY}}</ref> |
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Episode |
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<ref>{{cite episode | title = Larry King Live: Friedman & Klass pt. 1 of 2 | url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLQKKwt8tm8 | series = [[Larry King Live]] | network = [[Cable News Network]] | date = 1987-06-24 | location = Washington, DC}}</ref><ref>{{cite episode | title = Larry King Live: Friedman & Klass pt. 2 of 2 | url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJM4oL2ZAbY | series = Larry King Live | network = Cable News Network | date = 1987-06-24 | location = Washington, DC}}</ref> |
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YouTube references |
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<ref>{{YouTube | title = Richard Saunders at TAM 6 on Bringing Critical Thinking to Schools | id = OcCDGgMhK1U }} uploaded by [http://www.youtube.com/user/JamesRandiFoundation James Randi Foundation]</ref> |
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<ref>Betz, Wim. Presentation at the 2012 [http://www.worldskeptics.org/ World Skeptics Congress]. {{YouTube|id=aCki5IE5baw|title=Homeopathic Tactics}} uploaded 8 July 2012 by [http://www.youtube.com/user/RationalHumanism Rational Humanism].</ref> |
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<ref>Sarma, Amardeo. {{YouTube | id = 7dwnTC1ji5o | title = World Skeptics Congress 2012: In Praise of Reason Award / Outstanding Skeptics Award (Introduction)}}. Uploaded 16 June 2012 by [http://www.youtube.com/user/RationalHumanism Rational Humanism].</ref> |
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UK Law |
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<ref>{{Cite legislation UK |
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| type = act |
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| year = 2012 |
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| chapter = 7 |
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| act = Health and Social Care Act 2012 |
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}}</ref> |
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==Reflist== |
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{{reflist|close=1}} |
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