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[[File:20121106GustavAdolphDay.JPG|thumb|left|Window dressing for Gustavus Adolphus Day 2012 at a [[Stockholm]] bakery]]
[[File:20121106GustavAdolphDay.JPG|thumb|left|Window dressing for Gustavus Adolphus Day 2012 at a [[Stockholm]] bakery]]
'''Gustavus Adolphus Day''' ([[Swedish language|Swedish]]: ''Gustav Adolfsdagen'') is celebrated in [[Sweden]] and some other countries on November 6 in memory of king [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden]], who was killed on that date ([[Old Style and New Style dates|old style]]) in 1632 at the [[Battle of Lützen (1632)|Battle of Lützen]] in the [[Thirty Years' War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/17thcentury/articles/geniusofsweden.aspx|publisher=Military History Online|title=The genius of Sweden’s ‘Lion of the North’|author=Steve Wilson|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19011104&id=66VXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4PMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3598,459401|title=In Memory of a Great Man|date=4 November 1901|publisher=Spokane Daily Chronicle (scanned by Google)|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swedishlanguagetraining.co.uk/calendar.html|title=Swedish Festival Calendar|publisher=Swedish Language Training
'''Gustavus Adolphus Day''' ([[Swedish language|Swedish]]: ''Gustav Adolfsdagen'') is celebrated in [[Sweden]] and some other countries on November 6 in memory of king [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden]], who was killed on that date ([[Old Style and New Style dates|old style]]) in 1632 at the [[Battle of Lützen (1632)|Battle of Lützen]] in the [[Thirty Years' War]].<ref name="militaryhistory"/> According to the Gregorian calendar, the king died on 16 November, but the Julian calendar ("old style") was still used in Protestant Sweden at the time and the same date is still used now. The day is a general [[Flag days in Sweden|flagging day in Sweden]]<ref name="flags"/>
⚫
London|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref> According to the Gregorian calendar, the king died on 16 November, but the Julian calendar ("old style") was still used in Protestant Sweden at the time and the same date is still used now. The day is a general [[Flag days in Sweden|flagging day in Sweden]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/se-fdays.html|title=Flag days - Sweden|publisher=Flags of the World|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref> and [[Flag days in Finland|in Finland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intermin.fi/en/ministry/the_flag_and_arms_of_finland/flying_the_flag|publisher=Finnish Ministry of the Interior|title=Flying the Flag|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref>


Gustavus Adolphus Day has been celebrated since early 19th century, and got popular especially after the 200 year's celebration of the king's death in 1832.<ref name="NE"/> In Sweden, the day is observed especially in Gothenburg, which was founded by the king,<ref name="NE"/><ref name="Danska"/> but also in cities with old school/univeristy traditions<ref name="NE"/> such as [[Uppsala]], where he donated considerable funding to [[Uppsala university|the university]], and in cities where the militaries have been traditionally been based.<ref name="NE"/> It is generally not celebrated in [[Skåne]]{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}, the southernmost part of Sweden, since Scania was part of Denmark at the time and Gustavus Adolphus waged war on Denmark. The day is also celebrated in Estonia and Finland,<ref name="bean"/> which were parts of the Swedish realm in the time of the king, and also by some [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]] in other countries.<ref name="churchblog"/>
The date has been observed since soon after the king's death and has been celebrated in its present form since the early 19th century. Sjättenovembervägen ("Sixth November Road") in Stockholm is named for this day.

Gustavus Adolphus Day is celebrated in Sweden, Estonia and Finland,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fieldmarshalbean.blogspot.se/2013/11/in-celebration-gustavus-adolphus-day.html|title=In celebration: Gustavus Adolphus Day|publisher=Field Marshal Bean (a history student's personal blog)|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref> which all were parts of the Swedish realm in the time of the king. It is also celebrated by some [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]] in other countries too.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wmltblog.org/2011/11/feast-of-gustavus-adolphus-king-and-martyr-1632/|title=Feast of Gustavus Adolphus, King and Martyr, 1632|author=Rev. Dr. Albert B. Collver|publisher=Witness, Mercy, Life Together; The Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod|date=7 November 2011|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref> On the other hand, it is not generally celebrated in [[Scania]] in southern Sweden,{{citation needed|date=February 2014}} since Scania was part of Denmark at the time and Gustavus Adolphus waged war on Denmark.

⚫
The celebration is especially popular in [[Gothenburg]], which was founded by this king,<ref name=Danska>{{cite web|url=http://www.danskan.se/historia/gustav-adolf-bakelsens-historia|title=Gustav Adolfs-bakelsens historia|publisher=Danska wienerbageriet|language=Swedish|accessdate=2014-02-05}}</ref> and in [[Uppsala]], where he donated considerable funding to [[Uppsala university|the university]].
A special pastry is eaten on the day, the ''[[Gustavus Adolphus pastry]]''<ref>[http://www.ifood.tv/search/apachesolr_search/gustavus?filters=type:photo ifood.tv]. Retrieved 2014-02-05.</ref> with no standard recipe but always a chocolate or [[marzipan]] relief of that king on top.<ref name=Danska/> It was first created in the 1890s<ref name=Danska/> or in 1909<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.svt.se/nyheter/sverige/gustav-adolf-bakelsen-100-ar|publisher=[[Sveriges Television]]|title=Gustav Adolf-bakelsen 100 år|language=Swedish|date=2009-11-05|accessdate=2014-02-05}}</ref> and, like the day itself, is particularly popular in Gothenburg.
A special pastry is eaten for this day, the ''[[Gustavus Adolphus pastry]]''<ref name="ifood"/> with no standard recipe but a chocolate or [[marzipan]] relief of that king on top.<ref name=Danska/> The pastry was first created in the 1890s<ref name=Danska/> or in 1909<ref name="svt"/> and, like the day itself, is particularly popular in Gothenburg.


Sjättenovembervägen ("Sixth November Road"), a part of the old [[Göta highway]] i the Stockholm borough [[Älvsjö (borough)|Älvsjö]] is named for this day.
In [[Finland]], the day is celebrated as ''svenska dagen'' or ''ruotsalaisuuden päivä'', "[[Finnish Swedish Heritage Day|The Swedish Day]]", and is a customary [[Flag days in Finland|flagging day]]. In [[Estonia]], the day is known as ''Gustav Adolfi päev''. In all three countries, 6 November is the [[name day]] for Gustav Adolf (the local modern spelling in Swedish of Gustavus Adolphus's name)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vardsvenska.fi/se/about-finland/culture-in-finland/namedays/swedish-namedays-in-finland|publisher=Vardsvenska|title=Swedish namedays in Finland|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vardsvenska.fi/se/about-finland/culture-in-finland/namedays/swedish-namedays-in-sweden|publisher=Vardsvenska|title=Swedish namedays in Sweden|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref> or Kustaa Aadolf (the local modern spelling in Finnish of his name).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vardsvenska.fi/se/about-finland/culture-in-finland/namedays/finnish-namedays|publisher=Vardsvenska|title=Finnish namedays|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref>

In [[Finland]], the day is celebrated since 1908 by the [[Swedish-speaking Finns|Swedish speakers]] as ''Svenska dagen'',<ref name="NE"/> [[Finnish Swedish Heritage Day]]", and is a customary [[Flag days in Finland|flagging day]]. In [[Estonia]], the day is known as ''Gustav Adolfi päev''. In all three countries, 6 November is the [[name day]] for Gustav Adolf, Gustavus Adolphus' name in Swedish.<ref name="vardsvenska-sv"/> or Kustaa Aadolf, the name in Finnish. <ref name="vardsvenska-fi"/>


==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references>

<ref name="militaryhistory">{{cite web|url=http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/17thcentury/articles/geniusofsweden.aspx|publisher=Military History Online|title=The genius of Sweden’s ‘Lion of the North’|author=Steve Wilson|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19011104&id=66VXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4PMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3598,459401|title=In Memory of a Great Man|date=4 November 1901|publisher=Spokane Daily Chronicle (scanned by Google)|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swedishlanguagetraining.co.uk/calendar.html|title=Swedish Festival Calendar|publisher=Swedish Language Training London|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref>

⚫
<ref name="flags">{{cite web|url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/se-fdays.html|title=Flag days - Sweden|publisher=Flags of the World|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref> and [[Flag days in Finland|in Finland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intermin.fi/en/ministry/the_flag_and_arms_of_finland/flying_the_flag|publisher=Finnish Ministry of the Interior|title=Flying the Flag|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="bean">{{cite web|url=http://fieldmarshalbean.blogspot.se/2013/11/in-celebration-gustavus-adolphus-day.html|title=In celebration: Gustavus Adolphus Day|publisher=Field Marshal Bean (a history student's personal blog)|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="NE">[[Nationalencyklopedin]], Gustav Adolfsdagen</ref>

<ref name="churchblog">{{cite web|url=http://wmltblog.org/2011/11/feast-of-gustavus-adolphus-king-and-martyr-1632/|title=Feast of Gustavus Adolphus, King and Martyr, 1632|author=Rev. Dr. Albert B. Collver|publisher=Witness, Mercy, Life Together; The Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod|date=7 November 2011|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref>

⚫
<ref name="Danska">{{cite web|url=http://www.danskan.se/historia/gustav-adolf-bakelsens-historia|title=Gustav Adolfs-bakelsens historia|publisher=Danska wienerbageriet|language=Swedish|accessdate=2014-02-05}}</ref>

<ref name="ifood">[http://www.ifood.tv/search/apachesolr_search/gustavus?filters=type:photo ifood.tv]. Retrieved 2014-02-05.</ref>

<ref name="svt">{{cite web|url=http://www.svt.se/nyheter/sverige/gustav-adolf-bakelsen-100-ar|publisher=[[Sveriges Television]]|title=Gustav Adolf-bakelsen 100 år|language=Swedish|date=2009-11-05|accessdate=2014-02-05}}</ref>

<ref name="vardsvenska-sv">{{cite web|url=http://www.vardsvenska.fi/se/about-finland/culture-in-finland/namedays/swedish-namedays-in-finland|publisher=Vardsvenska|title=Swedish namedays in Finland|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref>

<ref name="vardsvenska-fi">{{cite web|url=http://www.vardsvenska.fi/se/about-finland/culture-in-finland/namedays/finnish-namedays|publisher=Vardsvenska|title=Finnish namedays|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref>

</references>


[[Category:Fixed holidays]]
[[Category:Fixed holidays]]

Revision as of 12:03, 6 November 2014

Gustavus Adolphus Day
Gustavus Adolphus pastry, a pastry eaten on Gustavus Adolphus Day
Observed bySweden, Finland, Estonia, Lutherans
SignificanceAnniversary of the death of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden at the Battle of Lützen (1632)
DateNovember 6
Next time6 November 2024 (2024-11-06)
Frequencyannual
Related toFinnish Swedish Heritage Day
Window dressing for Gustavus Adolphus Day 2012 at a Stockholm bakery

Gustavus Adolphus Day (Swedish: Gustav Adolfsdagen) is celebrated in Sweden and some other countries on November 6 in memory of king Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, who was killed on that date (old style) in 1632 at the Battle of Lützen in the Thirty Years' War.[1] According to the Gregorian calendar, the king died on 16 November, but the Julian calendar ("old style") was still used in Protestant Sweden at the time and the same date is still used now. The day is a general flagging day in Sweden[2]

Gustavus Adolphus Day has been celebrated since early 19th century, and got popular especially after the 200 year's celebration of the king's death in 1832.[3] In Sweden, the day is observed especially in Gothenburg, which was founded by the king,[3][4] but also in cities with old school/univeristy traditions[3] such as Uppsala, where he donated considerable funding to the university, and in cities where the militaries have been traditionally been based.[3] It is generally not celebrated in Skåne[citation needed], the southernmost part of Sweden, since Scania was part of Denmark at the time and Gustavus Adolphus waged war on Denmark. The day is also celebrated in Estonia and Finland,[5] which were parts of the Swedish realm in the time of the king, and also by some Lutherans in other countries.[6]

A special pastry is eaten for this day, the Gustavus Adolphus pastry[7] with no standard recipe but a chocolate or marzipan relief of that king on top.[4] The pastry was first created in the 1890s[4] or in 1909[8] and, like the day itself, is particularly popular in Gothenburg.

Sjättenovembervägen ("Sixth November Road"), a part of the old Göta highway i the Stockholm borough Älvsjö is named for this day.

In Finland, the day is celebrated since 1908 by the Swedish speakers as Svenska dagen,[3] Finnish Swedish Heritage Day", and is a customary flagging day. In Estonia, the day is known as Gustav Adolfi päev. In all three countries, 6 November is the name day for Gustav Adolf, Gustavus Adolphus' name in Swedish.[9] or Kustaa Aadolf, the name in Finnish. [10]

References

  1. ^ Steve Wilson. "The genius of Sweden's 'Lion of the North'". Military History Online. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  2. ^ "Flag days - Sweden". Flags of the World. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d e Nationalencyklopedin, Gustav Adolfsdagen
  4. ^ a b c "Gustav Adolfs-bakelsens historia" (in Swedish). Danska wienerbageriet. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
  5. ^ "In celebration: Gustavus Adolphus Day". Field Marshal Bean (a history student's personal blog). Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  6. ^ Rev. Dr. Albert B. Collver (7 November 2011). "Feast of Gustavus Adolphus, King and Martyr, 1632". Witness, Mercy, Life Together; The Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  7. ^ ifood.tv. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
  8. ^ "Gustav Adolf-bakelsen 100 år" (in Swedish). Sveriges Television. 2009-11-05. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
  9. ^ "Swedish namedays in Finland". Vardsvenska. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
  10. ^ "Finnish namedays". Vardsvenska. Retrieved 20 February 2014.

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