Violence against men: Difference between revisions
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'''Violence against men''' is any act of [[violence]] that is aimed at |
'''Violence against men''' is any act of [[violence]] that is aimed at [[men]]. Men are overrepresented as both victims<ref>{{cite book | last = Felson | first = Richard | title = Violence and gender reexamined. | publisher = American Psychological Association | year = 2002 | page = abstract | url = http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2002-17282-000 | isbn = 1557988951 }}</ref> and perpetrators of violence.<ref>{{cite web | title = The Surprising Truth About Women and Violence | publisher = TIME |accessdate=June 25, 2014|date=June 25, 2014 | url = http://time.com/2921491/hope-solo-women-violence/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Our attitude to violence against men is out of date | publisher = The Telegraph |accessdate=April 9, 2014|date=April 9, 2014 | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/10752232/Our-attitude-to-violence-against-men-is-out-of-date.html}}</ref> Sexual violence against men is treated differently in any given [[society]] and may be unrecognized by [[international law]].<ref>{{cite web | last = Lewis | first = Dustin | title = Unrecognized Victims: Sexual Violence Against Men in Conflict Settings Under International Law | publisher = Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict (PILAC) | year = 2009 | url = http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract-id=1404574}}</ref> |
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==Domestic violence == |
==Domestic violence == |
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==Sexual violence== |
==Sexual violence== |
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Forced castration of male genitals has been widely practiced by societies for several reasons including payment of debt, cultivated birthright, assimilation, |
Forced castration of male genitals has been widely practiced by societies for several reasons, including payment of debt, cultivated birthright, assimilation, and punishment. Once a man underwent the procedure, he was to be called a [[eunuch]]. These individuals were frequently assigned to serve in some domestic capacity. The earliest records for intentional castration to produce eunuchs are from the [[Sumer|Sumerian]] city of [[Lagash]] in the 21st century BC.<ref>Maekawa, Kazuya (1980). Animal and human castration in Sumer, Part II: Human castration in the Ur III period. Zinbun [Journal of the Research Institute for Humanistic Studies, Kyoto University], pp. 1–56.</ref><ref>Maekawa, Kazuya (1980). Female Weavers and Their Children in Lagash – Presargonic and Ur III. Acta Sumerologica 2:81–125.</ref> The practice was conducted by various regimes across Europe, Africa, and Asia until the 19th century, when it was largely eradicated. During the 20th century, many nations began using [[chemical castration]] to sterilize mentally ill males & as punishment for male sexual offenders. The practice as punishment is still used by developed nations as of 2015.<ref name="Florida 794">{{cite web|url=http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&Search_String=&URL=Ch0794/SEC0235.HTM&Title=-%3E2006-%3ECh0794-%3ESection%200235#0794.0235|title=Statutes & Constitution |
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Revision as of 15:53, 1 March 2015
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Violence against men is any act of violence that is aimed at men. Men are overrepresented as both victims[1] and perpetrators of violence.[2][3] Sexual violence against men is treated differently in any given society and may be unrecognized by international law.[4]
Domestic violence
Men who are victims of domestic violence are at times reluctant to report it or to seek help. As with other forms of violence against men, intimate partner violence is generally less recognized in society when the victims are men.[5]
Sexual violence
Forced castration of male genitals has been widely practiced by societies for several reasons, including payment of debt, cultivated birthright, assimilation, and punishment. Once a man underwent the procedure, he was to be called a eunuch. These individuals were frequently assigned to serve in some domestic capacity. The earliest records for intentional castration to produce eunuchs are from the Sumerian city of Lagash in the 21st century BC.[6][7] The practice was conducted by various regimes across Europe, Africa, and Asia until the 19th century, when it was largely eradicated. During the 20th century, many nations began using chemical castration to sterilize mentally ill males & as punishment for male sexual offenders. The practice as punishment is still used by developed nations as of 2015.[8][9][10]
In armed conflict, sexual violence is committed by men against men as psychological warfare in order to demoralize the enemy.[11] The practice dates back to Ancient Persia and the Crusades.[12] International criminal law does not consider gender based sexual violence against men a separate type of offense and treats it as war crimes or torture.[13] The culture of silence around this issue often leaves men with no support.[14] In one study, less than 3% of organizations that address rape as a weapon of war, mention men or provide services to male victims.[15]
Self-directed violence
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), each year more people die from suicide than from conflicts, wars and natural disasters combined.[16] Worldwide, men are compared to women three to four times more likely to kill themselves.[17]
Violent crime
In the US, Canada and Europe men account for almost three quarters of homicide victims.[18][19][20] While black Americans make up only 13% of the population, black men make up more than half of all murder victims.[21] In the US, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, homicide is the leading cause of death for young black males, more than nine other leading causes of death combined.[22]
See also
References
- ^ Felson, Richard (2002). Violence and gender reexamined. American Psychological Association. p. abstract. ISBN 1557988951.
- ^ "The Surprising Truth About Women and Violence". TIME. June 25, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
- ^ "Our attitude to violence against men is out of date". The Telegraph. April 9, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
- ^ Lewis, Dustin (2009). "Unrecognized Victims: Sexual Violence Against Men in Conflict Settings Under International Law". Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict (PILAC).
- ^ Das Dasgupta, Shamita (November 2002). "A Framework for Understanding Women's Use of Nonlethal Violence in Intimate Heterosexual Relationships". Violence Against Women. 8 (11): 1364–1389. doi:10.1177/107780102237408. Retrieved July 2, 2014. (subscription required)
- ^ Maekawa, Kazuya (1980). Animal and human castration in Sumer, Part II: Human castration in the Ur III period. Zinbun [Journal of the Research Institute for Humanistic Studies, Kyoto University], pp. 1–56.
- ^ Maekawa, Kazuya (1980). Female Weavers and Their Children in Lagash – Presargonic and Ur III. Acta Sumerologica 2:81–125.
- ^ "Statutes & Constitution :View Statutes :->2006->Ch0794->Section 0235 : Online Sunshine". state.fl.us.
{{cite web}}: line feed character in|title=at position 25 (help) - ^ "BBC News - 'Menace' jailed over child rape and abduction attempt". bbc.co.uk.
- ^ "Russia introduces chemical castration for pedophiles". RT. 4 October 2011.
- ^ Will Storr. "The rape of men: the darkest secret of war". the Guardian.
- ^ Sivakumaran, Sandesh (2007). "Sexual Violence Against Men in Armed Conflict". School of Law, University of Nottingham.
- ^ "The invisibility of gender violence in International Criminal Law - addressing sexual violence against men and women in conflict". TransConflict. February 18, 2015. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
- ^ "HEALTH: Rape as a "weapon of war" against men". Irin News. 2011.
- ^ "Rape as a Weapon of War: Men Suffer, Too". TIME. August 3, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2011.
- ^ "More People Die from Suicide Than From Wars, Natural Disasters Combined". Voice of America. September 4, 2014. Retrieved September 4, 2014.
- ^ Meier, Marshall B. Clinard, Robert F. (2008). Sociology of deviant behavior (14th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-495-81167-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Who gets murdered". The Economist. September 13, 2014.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ "SNAPSHOT: Male Victims of Violent Crime". Government of Canada. January 2015. Retrieved January 2015.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ "Homicide: men three times more likely to be victims". WHO. November 2014.
- ^ "Communities Struggle to Break a Grim Cycle of Killing". The Wall Street Journal. August 18, 2012.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ "CDC Report: Homicide leading cause of death for black men ages 15-34". WTOC 11. February 19, 2015.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help)