Historic Compromise: Difference between revisions
one template is enough |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}} |
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}} |
||
{{Infobox political party |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
| colorcode = {{Historic Compromise/meta/color}} |
|||
In [[history of Italy|Italian history]], the '''Historic Compromise''' ([[Italian language|Italian]]: '''''Compromesso storico''''') was an accommodation between the [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democrats]] (DC) and the [[Italian Communist Party]] (PCI) in the 1970s, after the latter embraced [[eurocommunism]] under [[Enrico Berlinguer]]. The 1978 [[Kidnapping of Aldo Moro|kidnapping and murder of DC leader Aldo Moro]] put an end to the ''Compromesso storico''. [[Norberto Bobbio]] was a prominent intellectual supporter of the accommodation. |
|||
| name_english = Historic Compromise |
|||
| native_name = Compromesso storico |
|||
| leader1_title = Leaders |
|||
| leader1_name = [[Aldo Moro]],<br>[[Enrico Berlinguer]] |
|||
| foundation = {{Start date|1976}} |
|||
| dissolution = {{End date|1980|11|28}} |
|||
| successor = ''[[Pentapartito]]'' |
|||
| headquarters = [[Rome]] |
|||
| ideology = [[Consociationalism]] |
|||
| position = [[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]] |
|||
| country = Italy |
|||
}} |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
The '''Historic Compromise''' ({{lang-it|Compromesso storico}}), called also '''Third Phase''' ({{lang-it|Terza Fase}}) or '''Democratic Alternative''' ({{lang-it|Alternativa Democratica}}), was an [[History of Italy|Italian historical]] [[political alliance]] and accomodation between the [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democrats]] (DC) and the [[Italian Communist Party]] (PCI) in the 1970s. |
|||
== |
==History== |
||
In 1973, the [[Italian Communist Party]]'s General Secretary [[Enrico Berlinguer]] launched on ''Rinascita'' (communist magazine) a pourpose of "democratic alliance" with the [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]], embraced by [[Aldo Moro]]. This alliance was inspired by the [[Presidency of Salvador Allende|Allende Government]] in [[Chile]], that was composed by a [[left-wing politics|left-wing]] coalition [[Unidad Popular|Popular Unity]] and supported by the [[Christian Democratic Party (Chile)|Christian Democratic Party]]. After the [[1973 Chilean coup d'état|Chilean coup]] of the same year, there was an approach between PCI and DC, that became a political alliance in 1976. In this time, the Berlinguer's PCI attempted also a parting from the [[USSR]], with the launch of the "[[Eurocommunism]]" along with the [[Spanish Communist Party]] and the [[French Communist Party]]. |
|||
Since the middle of the 1990s until 2008, most communists and former communists, many socialists, and many former members of the DC co-operated in the coalitions "[[The Olive Tree (political coalition)|The Olive Tree]]" and its successor "[[The Union (political coalition)|The Union]]". The [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]] considers itself continuing in the tradition of the compromise. |
|||
However, the Compromise was unpopular between the other [[moderate left]]ist group, like [[Italian Republican Party|PRI]] and [[Italian Socialist Party|PSI]], led respectively by [[Ugo La Malfa]] and [[Bettino Craxi]]. Also the righist Christian Democrat [[Giulio Andreotti]] doubted of the accomodation.<ref>{{book cite|title=Intervista con la storia|author=Fallaci, Oriana|publisher=Rizzoli|date=1974}}</ref> |
|||
Finally, the PCI started and external support to a Christian Democrat one-party government led by Andreotti. Despite this, several radical [[communist]] of PCI boycott the government, there was an increase of the [[far-left terrorism]], mainly of the [[Red Brigades]] ({{lang-it|Brigate Rosse}}, BR). |
|||
The BR [[Kidnapping of Aldo Moro|kidnapped Aldo Moro]], at the time President of DC, on March 16, 1978. After several consultation in the [[Italian Parliament]], the government refused the terrorists' conditions, and Moro was killed on May 9, 1978. A strong [[anti-communist]] sentiment raised, and the PSI, along with the [[far-right politics|far-right]] [[Italian Social Movement]] (MSI) increased their votes in the [[Italian general election, 1979|1979 election]]. Nevertheless, the Compromise continued but continuous also his decline. |
|||
At the DC XIV Congress of 1980, the DC's moderate wing ("[[Democratic Initiative (faction)|Democratic Initiative]]", "[[Dorotheans]]" and ''[[New Force (faction)|New Force]]'') won with an anti-communist program, obtained the 57.7%, while the DC's conservative wing led by [[Benigno Zaccagnini]] and [[Giulio Andreotti]]'s [[Sping (faction)|Spring]], ironically, obtained the 42.3% with a pro-Compromise program. The new DC Secretary became [[Flaminio Piccoli]], a Dorothean, and the Compromise was disused. |
|||
On November 1980, also Berlinguer announced the end of the Historic Compromise. |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
| Line 11: | Line 34: | ||
*[[Years of lead (Italy)|Years of lead]] |
*[[Years of lead (Italy)|Years of lead]] |
||
==Notes== |
|||
{{reflist}} |
|||
[[Category:Political party alliances in Italy]] |
|||
[[Category:Political history of Italy]] |
[[Category:Political history of Italy]] |
||
[[Category:Contemporary Italian history]] |
[[Category:Contemporary Italian history]] |
||
Revision as of 19:48, 7 July 2015
 |
Historic Compromise Compromesso storico | |
|---|---|
| Leaders | Aldo Moro, Enrico Berlinguer |
| Founded | 1976 |
| Dissolved | November 28, 1980 |
| Succeeded by | Pentapartito |
| Headquarters | Rome |
| Ideology | Consociationalism |
| Political position | Centre-left |
The Historic Compromise (Italian: Compromesso storico), called also Third Phase (Italian: Terza Fase) or Democratic Alternative (Italian: Alternativa Democratica), was an Italian historical political alliance and accomodation between the Christian Democrats (DC) and the Italian Communist Party (PCI) in the 1970s.
History
In 1973, the Italian Communist Party's General Secretary Enrico Berlinguer launched on Rinascita (communist magazine) a pourpose of "democratic alliance" with the Christian Democracy, embraced by Aldo Moro. This alliance was inspired by the Allende Government in Chile, that was composed by a left-wing coalition Popular Unity and supported by the Christian Democratic Party. After the Chilean coup of the same year, there was an approach between PCI and DC, that became a political alliance in 1976. In this time, the Berlinguer's PCI attempted also a parting from the USSR, with the launch of the "Eurocommunism" along with the Spanish Communist Party and the French Communist Party.
However, the Compromise was unpopular between the other moderate leftist group, like PRI and PSI, led respectively by Ugo La Malfa and Bettino Craxi. Also the righist Christian Democrat Giulio Andreotti doubted of the accomodation.[1]
Finally, the PCI started and external support to a Christian Democrat one-party government led by Andreotti. Despite this, several radical communist of PCI boycott the government, there was an increase of the far-left terrorism, mainly of the Red Brigades (Italian: Brigate Rosse, BR). The BR kidnapped Aldo Moro, at the time President of DC, on March 16, 1978. After several consultation in the Italian Parliament, the government refused the terrorists' conditions, and Moro was killed on May 9, 1978. A strong anti-communist sentiment raised, and the PSI, along with the far-right Italian Social Movement (MSI) increased their votes in the 1979 election. Nevertheless, the Compromise continued but continuous also his decline.
At the DC XIV Congress of 1980, the DC's moderate wing ("Democratic Initiative", "Dorotheans" and New Force) won with an anti-communist program, obtained the 57.7%, while the DC's conservative wing led by Benigno Zaccagnini and Giulio Andreotti's Spring, ironically, obtained the 42.3% with a pro-Compromise program. The new DC Secretary became Flaminio Piccoli, a Dorothean, and the Compromise was disused.
On November 1980, also Berlinguer announced the end of the Historic Compromise.
See also
Notes
- ^ Fallaci, Oriana (1974). Intervista con la storia. Rizzoli.
  | This Italian history article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
 | This article about politics is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |