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The '''Helmet massacre''' ({{lang-pt|massacre do Capacete}} {{IPA-pt|mɐˈsakɾi ðu kɐpɐˈsetʃi|}}) of the [[Tikuna people]] took place in March 1988, in the municipality of Benjamin Constant, in the Alto Solimões region, in a remote area in the state of Amazonas.<ref name="Brazil Mag">{{cite web|last=Newsroom|title=Brazilian Justice Acquits Man Sentenced for 1988 Massacre of Indians|url=http://www.brazzilmag.com/back-issues/2004/november-2004/711-brazilian-justice-acquits-man-sentenced-for-1988-massacre-of-indians.html|publisher=Brazzil Mag|accessdate=3 March 2014|archivedate=11 November 2004}}</ref> Funai, the National Foundation for the Indians, had begun to demarcate the Tikuna land, giving rise to reactions from local squatters.<ref name="Brazil Mag"/> The indigenous people were gathered in an assembly and were unarmed when they were attacked.<ref name="Brazil Mag"/> During the massacre four people died, nineteen were wounded, and ten disappeared in the Solimões river.<ref name="Slide Show"/> It was initially treated as [[homicide]].<ref name="Slide Show">{{cite web|last=Velez|first=Rachel|title=Helmet Massacre|url=http://prezi.com/lnjgik1wx5qb/helmet-massacre/|publisher=Prezi|accessdate=3 March 2014}}</ref> Since 1994 it has been treated by the [[Brazil]]ian courts as a [[genocide]].<ref name="Brazil Mag"/><ref name="Handbook">{{cite book |last1= Brown|first1= Bartram S. |title= Research Handbook on International Criminal Law|url= http://books.google.co.in/books?id=B0-PKSUGjVEC&pg=PA42&dq=helmet+massacre&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WvsUU_KvD4TLrQe92IGgCg&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=helmet%20massacre&f=false |
The '''Helmet massacre''' ({{lang-pt|massacre do Capacete}} {{IPA-pt|mɐˈsakɾi ðu kɐpɐˈsetʃi|}}) of the [[Tikuna people]] took place in March 1988, in the municipality of Benjamin Constant, in the Alto Solimões region, in a remote area in the state of Amazonas.<ref name="Brazil Mag">{{cite web|last=Newsroom|title=Brazilian Justice Acquits Man Sentenced for 1988 Massacre of Indians|url=http://www.brazzilmag.com/back-issues/2004/november-2004/711-brazilian-justice-acquits-man-sentenced-for-1988-massacre-of-indians.html|publisher=Brazzil Mag|accessdate=3 March 2014|archivedate=11 November 2004}}</ref> Funai, the National Foundation for the Indians, had begun to demarcate the Tikuna land, giving rise to reactions from local squatters.<ref name="Brazil Mag"/> The indigenous people were gathered in an assembly and were unarmed when they were attacked.<ref name="Brazil Mag"/> During the massacre four people died, nineteen were wounded, and ten disappeared in the Solimões river.<ref name="Slide Show"/> It was initially treated as [[homicide]].<ref name="Slide Show">{{cite web|last=Velez|first=Rachel|title=Helmet Massacre|url=http://prezi.com/lnjgik1wx5qb/helmet-massacre/|publisher=Prezi|accessdate=3 March 2014}}</ref> Since 1994 it has been treated by the [[Brazil]]ian courts as a [[genocide]].<ref name="Brazil Mag"/><ref name="Handbook">{{cite book |last1= Brown|first1= Bartram S. |title= Research Handbook on International Criminal Law|url= http://books.google.co.in/books?id=B0-PKSUGjVEC&pg=PA42&dq=helmet+massacre&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WvsUU_KvD4TLrQe92IGgCg&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=helmet%20massacre&f=false |
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|accessdate= 3 March 2014|edition= 2011|volume= |year= |publisher= Edward Elgar Publishing|location= |isbn= |page= 42|pages= }}</ref> Thirteen men were convicted of genocide in 2001.<ref name="Brazil Mag"/> In November 2004 at the appeal before Brazil's federal court, Castelo Branco, the man initially found guilty of hiring men to carry out the genocide was acquitted, and the other men had their initial sentences of 15–25 years reduced to 12 years.<ref name="Brazil Mag"/><!---<ref> Staff. [http://www.brazzilmag.com/content/view/711/41/ Brazilian Justice Acquits Man Sentenced for 1988 Massacre of Indians], [[Brazzil Magazine]] 12 November 2004. Cites as its source Cimi – [[Indianist Missionary Council]] (See [http://www.cimi.org.br/?system=news&action=read&id=711&eid=275 08/11/2004 - 14:43 - Newsletter n. 638] |
|accessdate= 3 March 2014|edition= 2011|volume= |year= |publisher= Edward Elgar Publishing|location= |isbn= |page= 42|pages= }}</ref> Thirteen men were convicted of genocide in 2001.<ref name="Brazil Mag"/> In November 2004 at the appeal before Brazil's federal court, Castelo Branco, the man initially found guilty of hiring men to carry out the genocide was acquitted, and the other men had their initial sentences of 15–25 years reduced to 12 years.<ref name="Brazil Mag"/><!---<ref> Staff. [http://www.brazzilmag.com/content/view/711/41/ Brazilian Justice Acquits Man Sentenced for 1988 Massacre of Indians] {{wayback|url=http://www.brazzilmag.com/content/view/711/41/ |date=20050209000000 }}, [[Brazzil Magazine]] 12 November 2004. Cites as its source Cimi – [[Indianist Missionary Council]] (See [http://www.cimi.org.br/?system=news&action=read&id=711&eid=275 08/11/2004 - 14:43 - Newsletter n. 638] {{wayback|url=http://www.cimi.org.br/?system=news&action=read&id=711&eid=275 |date=20080813213716 }})</ref> ---> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 01:00, 29 March 2016
The Helmet massacre (Portuguese: massacre do Capacete [mɐˈsakɾi ðu kɐpɐˈsetʃi]) of the Tikuna people took place in March 1988, in the municipality of Benjamin Constant, in the Alto Solimões region, in a remote area in the state of Amazonas.[1] Funai, the National Foundation for the Indians, had begun to demarcate the Tikuna land, giving rise to reactions from local squatters.[1] The indigenous people were gathered in an assembly and were unarmed when they were attacked.[1] During the massacre four people died, nineteen were wounded, and ten disappeared in the Solimões river.[2] It was initially treated as homicide.[2] Since 1994 it has been treated by the Brazilian courts as a genocide.[1][3] Thirteen men were convicted of genocide in 2001.[1] In November 2004 at the appeal before Brazil's federal court, Castelo Branco, the man initially found guilty of hiring men to carry out the genocide was acquitted, and the other men had their initial sentences of 15–25 years reduced to 12 years.[1]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f Newsroom. "Brazilian Justice Acquits Man Sentenced for 1988 Massacre of Indians". Brazzil Mag. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=requires|archive-url=(help) - ^ a b Velez, Rachel. "Helmet Massacre". Prezi. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
- ^ Brown, Bartram S. Research Handbook on International Criminal Law (2011 ed.). Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 42. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
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