Tetanic contraction: Difference between revisions
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A '''tetanic contraction''' (also called '''tetanized state''', '''tetanus''', or '''physiologic tetanus'' |
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fuk o differentiate from the disease called [[tetanus]]) is a sustained [[muscle contraction]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = The American Heritage Medical Dictionary | isbn = 978-0-618-82435-9 | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company | title = Tetanic | location = Boston Massachusetts | page = 815 | date = 2007 | quote = Marked by sustained muscle contractions }}</ref> evoked when the motor nerve that innervates a [[skeletal muscle]] emits action potentials at a very high rate.<ref name="Mann_2011">{{cite book | last1 = Mann | first1 = Michael D. | name-list-format = vanc | title = The Nervous System In Action | date = 2011 | publisher = Michael D. Mann | chapter = Chapter 14: Muscle Contraction: Twitch and tetanic contractions | chapter-url = http://michaeldmann.net/mann14.html }}</ref><ref name="Raf_2003">{{cite book | editor-last1 = Raff | editor-first1 = Hershel | title = Physiology Secrets | date = 2003 | publisher = Hanley & Belfus | location = Philadelphia, PA | isbn = 978-1-56053-509-6 | pages = 25–26 | edition = 2nd | first1 = Julian H. | last1 = Lombard | first2 = Nancy J. | last2 = Rush | name-list-format = vanc | chapter = Cells, Nerves, and Muscles | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=a1RchCrwKWsC&pg=PA25&dq=tetanic+contraction&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiW2f6yoPfJAhVBdD4KHV2tC5YQ6AEILDAB#v=snippet&q=tetanic%20contraction&f=false}}</ref> During this state, a [[motor unit]] has been maximally stimulated by its [[motor neuron]] and remains that way for some time. This occurs when a muscle's motor unit is stimulated by multiple impulses at a sufficiently high frequency. Each stimulus causes a twitch. If stimuli are delivered slowly enough, the tension in the muscle will relax between successive twitches. If stimuli are delivered at high frequency, the twitches will overlap, resulting in tetanic contraction. When tetanized, the contracting tension in the muscle remains constant in a [[steady state]]. This is the maximal possible contraction.<ref name="Mann_2011"/> During tetanic contractions, muscles can shorten, lengthen or remain constant length.<ref name = "Widmaier et al 2008">{{cite book | last1 = Widmaier | first1 = Eric P. | last2 = Raff | first2 = Hersel | last3 = Strang | first3 = Kevin T. | name-list-format = vanc | chapter = Muscle | title = Vander's Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function | publisher = McGraw-Hill | series = | volume = | edition = 12th | date = 2010 | location = New York, NY | pages = 250–291 | language = | url = | doi =| isbn = 0-321-98122-7}}</ref> |
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Muscles may exhibit some level of tetanic activity, leading to [[muscle tone]], in order to maintain posture.<ref name="pmid1579249">{{cite journal | vauthors = Davidoff RA | title = Skeletal muscle tone and the misunderstood stretch reflex | journal = Neurology | volume = 42 | issue = 5 | pages = 951–63 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1579249 | doi = 10.1212/WNL.42.5.951 }}</ref> |
Muscles may exhibit some level of tetanic activity, leading to [[muscle tone]], in order to maintain posture.<ref name="pmid1579249">{{cite journal | vauthors = Davidoff RA | title = Skeletal muscle tone and the misunderstood stretch reflex | journal = Neurology | volume = 42 | issue = 5 | pages = 951–63 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1579249 | doi = 10.1212/WNL.42.5.951 }}</ref> |
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Revision as of 01:21, 11 October 2016
A tetanic contraction' (also called tetanized state, tetanus, or physiologic tetanus fuk o differentiate from the disease called tetanus) is a sustained muscle contraction[1] evoked when the motor nerve that innervates a skeletal muscle emits action potentials at a very high rate.[2][3] During this state, a motor unit has been maximally stimulated by its motor neuron and remains that way for some time. This occurs when a muscle's motor unit is stimulated by multiple impulses at a sufficiently high frequency. Each stimulus causes a twitch. If stimuli are delivered slowly enough, the tension in the muscle will relax between successive twitches. If stimuli are delivered at high frequency, the twitches will overlap, resulting in tetanic contraction. When tetanized, the contracting tension in the muscle remains constant in a steady state. This is the maximal possible contraction.[2] During tetanic contractions, muscles can shorten, lengthen or remain constant length.[4]
Muscles may exhibit some level of tetanic activity, leading to muscle tone, in order to maintain posture.[5]
See also
References
- ^ "Tetanic". The American Heritage Medical Dictionary. Boston Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Company. 2007. p. 815. ISBN 978-0-618-82435-9.
Marked by sustained muscle contractions
- ^ a b Mann, Michael D. (2011). "Chapter 14: Muscle Contraction: Twitch and tetanic contractions". The Nervous System In Action. Michael D. Mann.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Lombard, Julian H.; Rush, Nancy J. (2003). "Cells, Nerves, and Muscles". In Raff, Hershel (ed.). Physiology Secrets (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Hanley & Belfus. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-1-56053-509-6.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Widmaier, Eric P.; Raff, Hersel; Strang, Kevin T. (2010). "Muscle". Vander's Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. 250–291. ISBN 0-321-98122-7.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|name-list-format=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Davidoff RA (1992). "Skeletal muscle tone and the misunderstood stretch reflex". Neurology. 42 (5): 951–63. doi:10.1212/WNL.42.5.951. PMID 1579249.
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