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== Musqueam Weavers ==
== Musqueam Weavers ==
By the time of Sparrow’s childhood the techniques of [[Salish weaving]] were lost to the Musqueam nation. There were no living weavers to teach a new generation; the last known weaver before the revival was Sparrow’s great grandmother.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://199.243.64.45/musqueam-sisters-revive-traditional-salish-weaving|title=Musqueam Sisters Revive Traditional Salish Weaving|last=|first=|date=20 November 2009|website=Four Host Nations|publisher=|access-date=23 February 2016}}</ref> In 1985, Wendy John, Sparrow’s eldest sister attended a Salish weaving course at the Vancouver Indian Centre (now the [http://www.vafcs.org/ Vancouver Aboriginal Friendship Centre]). The next year, Sparrow and her younger sister Robyn Sparrow began to study weaving as well.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=891e7a18-78ee-499b-aab9-0f65938c1e78|title=Aboriginal Heroes: Spinning a Cloth through Time|last=Griffith|first=Kevin|date=20 June 2008|website=Canada.com|publisher=CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc.|access-date=20 February 2016}}</ref>
By the time of Sparrow’s childhood the techniques of [[Salish weaving]] were lost to the Musqueam nation. There were no living weavers to teach a new generation; the last known weaver before the revival was Sparrow’s great grandmother.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://199.243.64.45/musqueam-sisters-revive-traditional-salish-weaving |title=Musqueam Sisters Revive Traditional Salish Weaving |last= |first= |date=20 November 2009 |website=Four Host Nations |publisher= |access-date=23 February 2016 }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 1985, Wendy John, Sparrow’s eldest sister attended a Salish weaving course at the Vancouver Indian Centre (now the [http://www.vafcs.org/ Vancouver Aboriginal Friendship Centre]). The next year, Sparrow and her younger sister Robyn Sparrow began to study weaving as well.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=891e7a18-78ee-499b-aab9-0f65938c1e78 |title=Aboriginal Heroes: Spinning a Cloth through Time |last=Griffith |first=Kevin |date=20 June 2008 |website=Canada.com |publisher=CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc. |access-date=20 February 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611062844/http://www.canada.com/story.html?id=891e7a18-78ee-499b-aab9-0f65938c1e78 |archivedate=11 June 2016 |df= }}</ref>


Along with her sister Robyn, Sparrow co-founded a group of women weavers in the 1980s who rejuvenated the Salish Weaving tradition.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Musqueam Weavers Source Book|last=Baird|first=Jill Rachel|last2=Johnson|first2=Elizabeth Lominska|publisher=Museum of Anthropology at University of British Columbia|year=2002|isbn=|location=Vancouver, BC|pages=}}</ref> They were able to reconstruct the lost weaving techniques utilizing an anthropological book by [[Paula Gustafson]] and by examining blankets handed down in their family and in museums in BC, Washington and New York.<ref name=":2" /> Says Sparrow of the weaving process: “And when I stand – in front of my loom and I’m working and creating, I’m with them, I’m not here anymore. I’m back in time and I’m thinking of the women and they’re whispering to me and guiding me”.<ref>Musqueam Education Centre. Vancouver, BC.</ref> Although the weavers are not able to access the dog hair originally utilized by Salish weavers, due to the extinction of the animals,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Shore to Shore: The Work of Luke Tsu ts'u mult Marston|last=Fournier|first=Suzanne|publisher=Harbour Publishing|year=2014|isbn=|location=Madiera Park, BC|pages=}}</ref><ref>Barsh, Russel L., Joan Megan Jones, and Wayne Shuttles. “History, Ethnography, and Archaeology of the Coast Salish Woolly-Dog.” ''Dogs and People in Social, Working, Economic or Symbolic Interaction'' (eds Lynn M. Snyder and Elizabeth A. Moore) pp. 1–11. 9th Conference of the International Council of Archaeozoology: Durham, 2002. http://www.kwiaht.org/images/terrbiodiversity/Coast%20Salish%20woolly%20dogs%20as%20published.pdf</ref> sheep’s wool, often hand spun, has made the transition into the weaving technique. The weaving is time intensive: “Robes take longer to weave than totem poles take to carve”.<ref>United States Consulate General in Vancovuer. ''First Nations Weaving Revival Exhibit''. ''U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada''. N.p., 17 July 2010. Web. 13 Feb. 2016. http://vancouver.usconsulate.gov/news-events/2010-news-and-events/17-july-2010-first-nations-weaving-revival-exhibit.html</ref>
Along with her sister Robyn, Sparrow co-founded a group of women weavers in the 1980s who rejuvenated the Salish Weaving tradition.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Musqueam Weavers Source Book|last=Baird|first=Jill Rachel|last2=Johnson|first2=Elizabeth Lominska|publisher=Museum of Anthropology at University of British Columbia|year=2002|isbn=|location=Vancouver, BC|pages=}}</ref> They were able to reconstruct the lost weaving techniques utilizing an anthropological book by [[Paula Gustafson]] and by examining blankets handed down in their family and in museums in BC, Washington and New York.<ref name=":2" /> Says Sparrow of the weaving process: “And when I stand – in front of my loom and I’m working and creating, I’m with them, I’m not here anymore. I’m back in time and I’m thinking of the women and they’re whispering to me and guiding me”.<ref>Musqueam Education Centre. Vancouver, BC.</ref> Although the weavers are not able to access the dog hair originally utilized by Salish weavers, due to the extinction of the animals,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Shore to Shore: The Work of Luke Tsu ts'u mult Marston|last=Fournier|first=Suzanne|publisher=Harbour Publishing|year=2014|isbn=|location=Madiera Park, BC|pages=}}</ref><ref>Barsh, Russel L., Joan Megan Jones, and Wayne Shuttles. “History, Ethnography, and Archaeology of the Coast Salish Woolly-Dog.” ''Dogs and People in Social, Working, Economic or Symbolic Interaction'' (eds Lynn M. Snyder and Elizabeth A. Moore) pp. 1–11. 9th Conference of the International Council of Archaeozoology: Durham, 2002. http://www.kwiaht.org/images/terrbiodiversity/Coast%20Salish%20woolly%20dogs%20as%20published.pdf</ref> sheep’s wool, often hand spun, has made the transition into the weaving technique. The weaving is time intensive: “Robes take longer to weave than totem poles take to carve”.<ref>United States Consulate General in Vancovuer. ''First Nations Weaving Revival Exhibit''. ''U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada''. N.p., 17 July 2010. Web. 13 Feb. 2016. http://vancouver.usconsulate.gov/news-events/2010-news-and-events/17-july-2010-first-nations-weaving-revival-exhibit.html</ref>

Revision as of 20:42, 9 December 2016

Debra Sparrow, or θəliχʷəlʷət (Thelliawhatlwit), is a Musqueam weaver, artist and knowledge keeper.[1] She is self-taught in Salish design, weaving and jewellery making.[2]

Biography

Sparrow was born and raised on the Musqueam Indian Reserve, part of the traditional territories of the Musqueam people, in Vancouver, British Columbia. Sparrow credits her grandfather, Ed Sparrow, who lived to be 100 years old and remembered the forcible removal of the Musqueam people from Stanley Park, with giving her “300 years of stories” that grounded her in her heritage and enabled her to hear the voices of her ancestors. “We never stopped dancing, we never stopped singing, we never stopped practising our cultural ways,” says Sparrow, who considers herself a person who lives and practises traditional ways.[3]

Sparrow is the mother of three grown children.[4]

Musqueam Weavers

By the time of Sparrow’s childhood the techniques of Salish weaving were lost to the Musqueam nation. There were no living weavers to teach a new generation; the last known weaver before the revival was Sparrow’s great grandmother.[5] In 1985, Wendy John, Sparrow’s eldest sister attended a Salish weaving course at the Vancouver Indian Centre (now the Vancouver Aboriginal Friendship Centre). The next year, Sparrow and her younger sister Robyn Sparrow began to study weaving as well.[6]

Along with her sister Robyn, Sparrow co-founded a group of women weavers in the 1980s who rejuvenated the Salish Weaving tradition.[7] They were able to reconstruct the lost weaving techniques utilizing an anthropological book by Paula Gustafson and by examining blankets handed down in their family and in museums in BC, Washington and New York.[5] Says Sparrow of the weaving process: “And when I stand – in front of my loom and I’m working and creating, I’m with them, I’m not here anymore. I’m back in time and I’m thinking of the women and they’re whispering to me and guiding me”.[8] Although the weavers are not able to access the dog hair originally utilized by Salish weavers, due to the extinction of the animals,[9][10] sheep’s wool, often hand spun, has made the transition into the weaving technique. The weaving is time intensive: “Robes take longer to weave than totem poles take to carve”.[11]

Educating others

Sparrow is active in the education community at various levels. She has designed programs and taught elementary aged children about Musqueam culture and history, through the UBC Museum of Anthropology.[12] She teaches Salish weaving techniques to children, teenagers and adults: taught at Birkland Brothers Wool Shop, through the Urban Weavers project, through MOA and the Vancouver School Board.[13]

Sparrow gives demonstrations and public talks at venues such as the Greater Vancouver Weavers and Spinners Guild [14] and the Bill Reid Gallery.[15] She also participates in presentations and publications with national and international symposia and conferences in regards to indigenous modern and traditional art, such as UNESCO[16] and the European Textile Network.[17]

Major Works

Sparrow’s work is sought by private and public collections including the University of British Columbia, Heard Museum in Phoenix, Arizona; the Canadian Museum of Civilization in Hull, Quebec; the Royal B.C. Museum in Victoria; Paramount Studios in Los Angeles; and the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture in Seattle, WA.

In 1996 Sparrow and her sister Robyn wove two blankets of four in the “Out of the Silence” installation at the Vancouver International Airport. The four weavings are made from hand-dyed, hand spun sheep’s wool and measure 4.9 x 1.5 meters each. The other artists are Krista Point, Gina Grant and Helen Calbreath.[5][18] The weavings are part of the Musqueam Welcome Area of the International Arrivals area, the official welcoming area to Canada, British Columbia and Vancouver for all international flights, along with carvings by Susan Point of Welcoming Figures and Flight (Spinning Whorl) [18]. One of the blankets woven by Debra and Robyn is titled Sulsila, which translates as “The Grandparents,” and was reproduced by the Kanata Blanket Company.[19]

Other designs of Sparrow’s are reproduced by the Kanata Blanket Company in their Licensed Artist Designs line.[20]

In 2009, Sparrow was commissioned to create a ceremonial blanket and shawl for the First Nations gallery at Government House in Victoria, BC.[21]

Sparrow designed the logo for the Canadian Hockey Teams for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games in Vancouver, BC.[22] The maple leaf shaped logo features a collage of Salish and Canadian symbols drawn by Sparrow including thunderbird, eagle, beaver, moose, hockey sticks, fleur de lis, Orcas, hockey players and maple leaves. Sparrow worked in conjunction with Stuart Iwasaki, graphic designer for Nike, Inc.[4]

For the 2010 Olympic Games, Debra and Robyn Sparrow created two weavings, Thunderbirds: Keepers of the Sky, which hang in UBC Thunderbird Arena. These are permanent pieces that remain in the venue as a legacy of the Games.[5]

Sparrow was part of the design team that created the Queen of the Night costume in Vancouver Opera’s Coastal Salish inspired production of The Magic Flute in 2013.[23] She was also commissioned by Disney to create regalia for the movie White Fang II.[24]

In 2015 Sparrow, in conjunction with Vancouver-based company Peau de Loup, designed the Unity Scarf for the 2015 FIFA Women’s World Cup. The Unity Scarf was a double-sided printed with a Salish design on one side and the word Canada on the other. Sparrow said ““I am honoured to share these intricate designs with Peau de Loup for the National Women’s team so that the world has an opportunity to see the relationship between all the people in Canada… I hold my hands up to all Women Athletes who have come to compete at the world level… Welcome!” of the work and the accomplishments of women athletes.[2]

Publications by Debra Sparrow

Weaving Worlds Together by Debra Sparrow and Jill Baird, presented at the Symposium on "Indigenous Identities: Oral, Written Expressions and New Technologies." UNESCO, 2001.

“Know who you are, Know where you come from” in A Hurricane in the Basement. City of Vancouver, 2000.

“A Journey” in Material Matters: The art and culture of contemporary textiles. Ingrid Bachmann & Ruth Scheuing Eds., YXZ Books: Toronto. 1998.

“Out of the Silence” in European Textile Network December 1994, pp 43–45.

1995 – 1997 Debra Sparrow Weaving Two Worlds Together School Programme at the UBC Museum of Anthropology Vancouver

Awards

BC Creative Achievement Award for First Nations' Art, 2008 [25]

References

  1. ^ Ward, Kevin. "Musqueam welcomes President Gupta on his first day | Aboriginal Portal". aboriginal.ubc.ca. Retrieved 2016-04-18.
  2. ^ a b Kwon, Crystal (18 May 2015). "Vancouver Brand Peau De Loup Designs Scarf for 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup". Vancity Buzz. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  3. ^ Fournier, Suzanne (23 May 2015). ""Coast Salish Revival": Timeless, elegant art thrives thanks to visionaries like Simon Charlie". Galleries West. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
  4. ^ a b Sekeres, Matthew (18 August 2009). "But Where's the Loonie?". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  5. ^ a b c d "Musqueam Sisters Revive Traditional Salish Weaving". Four Host Nations. 20 November 2009. Retrieved 23 February 2016.[permanent dead link]
  6. ^ Griffith, Kevin (20 June 2008). "Aboriginal Heroes: Spinning a Cloth through Time". Canada.com. CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Baird, Jill Rachel; Johnson, Elizabeth Lominska (2002). Musqueam Weavers Source Book. Vancouver, BC: Museum of Anthropology at University of British Columbia.
  8. ^ Musqueam Education Centre. Vancouver, BC.
  9. ^ Fournier, Suzanne (2014). Shore to Shore: The Work of Luke Tsu ts'u mult Marston. Madiera Park, BC: Harbour Publishing.
  10. ^ Barsh, Russel L., Joan Megan Jones, and Wayne Shuttles. “History, Ethnography, and Archaeology of the Coast Salish Woolly-Dog.” Dogs and People in Social, Working, Economic or Symbolic Interaction (eds Lynn M. Snyder and Elizabeth A. Moore) pp. 1–11. 9th Conference of the International Council of Archaeozoology: Durham, 2002. http://www.kwiaht.org/images/terrbiodiversity/Coast%20Salish%20woolly%20dogs%20as%20published.pdf
  11. ^ United States Consulate General in Vancovuer. First Nations Weaving Revival Exhibit. U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Canada. N.p., 17 July 2010. Web. 13 Feb. 2016. http://vancouver.usconsulate.gov/news-events/2010-news-and-events/17-july-2010-first-nations-weaving-revival-exhibit.html
  12. ^ Museum of Anthropology of University of British Columbia Annual Report. Rep. Vancouver: MOA UBC, 2005-6. Print. 23 March 2016. http://moa.ubc.ca/wp-content/uploads/MOA-Annual-Report-2005-2006.pdf
  13. ^ "About." The Urban Weaver Project. N.p., 17 Mar. 2012. Web. 18 Mar. 2016. https://theurbanweaverproject.wordpress.com/about-2/
  14. ^ Ryeburn, Jo Anne. "Program – Debra Sparrow." Greater Vancouver Weavers Spinners Guild. N.p., 19 Apr. 2007. Web. 23 Mar. 2016. http://www.gvwsg.com/2007/04/debra-sparrow/
  15. ^ "The Power of Weaving". Bill Reid Gallery - Public Programs. 6 November 2010. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
  16. ^ "Symposium on "Indigenous Identities: Oral, Written Expressions and New Technologies"" (n.d.): n. pag. 15 Mar. 2001. Web. 12 Mar. 2016. http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/files/36904/12075601861Symposium.pdf/Symposium.pdf
  17. ^ " Textile Forum Service." Textile Forum Magazine. N.p., Apr. 1994. Web. 18 Mar. 2016. http://www.tfs-etn.com/shop/magazines/1994_4e.php
  18. ^ a b "Musqueam Welcome Area." YVR. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2016. http://www.yvr.ca/en/about-yvr/art/musqueam-welcome-area
  19. ^ "Sulsila Wool Blanket." Boardroom Bespoke RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. Apr. 2016. http://www.boardroombespoke.com/sulsila-wool-blanket
  20. ^ "About Us - Kanata Blanket". Kanata Blanket. Retrieved 2016-04-18.
  21. ^ First Peoples’ Cultural Council. “Debra Sparrow Honoured at Government House.” Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 29 Sept. 2009. Web. 16 Feb. 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mg-4wP0F9_c
  22. ^ "New Olympic Hockey Jerseys Feature First Nation Design." CBCnews. CBC/Radio Canada, 17 Aug. 2009. Web. 19 Feb. 2016. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/new-olympic-hockey-jerseys-feature-first-nation-design-1.844061
  23. ^ Vancouver Opera. The Magic Flute. Vancouver Opera. Vancouver Opera, 4 Feb. 2013. Press Release, Web. 20 Feb. 2016. https://www.vancouveropera.ca/sites/default/files/MagicFlute-Feb2013-FINAL1.pdf
  24. ^ Sparrow, Debra (2008). "Sparrow Resume" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  25. ^ "Native Artists to Receive Provincial Award." The Globe and Mail. N.p., 14 May 2008. Web. 18 Mar. 2016. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/native-artists-to-receive-provincial-award/article672365/
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