Heinrich Liebe: Difference between revisions
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|nickname= |
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|allegiance={{flag|Weimar Republic}}<br/>{{ |
|allegiance={{flag|Weimar Republic}} (to 1933)<br/>{{flagicon|Nazi Germany}} [[Nazy Germany]] |
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|branch={{navy|Weimar Republic}}<br/>{{navy|Nazi Germany}} |
|branch={{navy|Weimar Republic}}<br/>{{navy|Nazi Germany}} |
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|serviceyears=1927–45 |
|serviceyears=1927–45 |
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|rank=''[[Fregattenkapitän]]'' |
|rank=''[[Fregattenkapitän]]'' |
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|commands={{GS|U-2|1935|2}}<br/>{{GS|U-38|1938|2}} |
|commands={{GS|U-2|1935|2}},1 October 1936 – 31 January 1938<br/>{{GS|U-38|1938|2}}, 24 October 1938 – 22 July 1941 |
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|unit=[[Niobe (schooner)|SSS ''Niobe'']]<br /><br />[[Meteor (1915)|''Meteor'']]<br />''[[SMS Schleswig-Holstein|Schleswig-Holstein]]''<br />[[U-Bootschulflottille]]<br />[[6th U-boat Flotilla]] |
|unit=[[Niobe (schooner)|SSS ''Niobe'']]<br /><br />[[Meteor (1915)|''Meteor'']]<br />''[[SMS Schleswig-Holstein|Schleswig-Holstein]]''<br />[[U-Bootschulflottille]]<br />[[6th U-boat Flotilla]] |
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|battles=[[Battle of the Atlantic]] |
|battles=[[Battle of the Atlantic]] |
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'''Heinrich Liebe''' (29 January 1908 – 27 July 1997) was a German [[ |
'''Heinrich Liebe''' (29 January 1908 – 27 July 1997) was a highly decorated German ''[[Fregattenkapitän]]'' ([[commander]]) who served as a [[U-boat]] commander during [[World War II]] until transferred to ''[[Oberkommando der Marine]]'' (''Naval High Command''). He sank 34 ships for a total of {{GRT|187267|disp=long}}, placing him fourth among [[List of successful U-boat commanders|top scoring]] U-boat commanders. He was also a recipient of the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]] ({{lang-de|Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub}}). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. It was Nazi Germany's highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Heinrich Liebe.{{refn|Until late September 1941, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves was second only to the [[Grand Cross of the Iron Cross]] ({{Lang|de|''Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes''}}), which was awarded only to senior commanders for winning a major battle or campaign, in the military order of the Third Reich. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves as highest military order was officially surpassed on 28 September 1941 by the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords]] ({{Lang|de|''Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern''}}), however the first presentation of the Swords to [[Adolf Galland]] was made prior to this date on 21 June 1941.{{sfn|Williamson|Bujeiro|2004|pp=3, 7}}|group="Note"}} |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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* [[Wehrmacht Long Service Award]] 4th Class (2 October 1936){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=48}} |
* [[Wehrmacht Long Service Award]] 4th Class (2 October 1936){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=48}} |
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* [[Olympic Games Decoration]] (20 April 1937){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=48}} |
* [[Olympic Games Decoration]] (20 April 1937){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=48}} |
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* [[Iron Cross]] (1939) |
* [[Iron Cross]] (1939) |
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** 2nd Class (8 October 1939){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=48}}{{sfn|Thomas|1998|p=26}} |
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** 1st Class (6 April 1940){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=48}}{{sfn|Thomas|1998|p=26}} |
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* [[U-boat War Badge]] (1939) (16 December 1939){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=48}} |
* [[U-boat War Badge]] (1939) (16 December 1939){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=48}} |
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* [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]] |
* [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]] |
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** Knight's Cross on 14 August 1940 as ''[[Kapitänleutnant]]'' and commander of ''U-38''{{sfn|Scherzer|2007|p=504}} |
** Knight's Cross on 14 August 1940 as ''[[Kapitänleutnant]]'' and commander of ''U-38''{{sfn|Scherzer|2007|p=504}}{{sfn|Fellgiebel|2000|p=290}} |
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** 13th Oak Leaves on 10 June 1941 as ''Kapitänleutnant'' and commander of ''U-38''{{sfn|Scherzer|2007|p=504}} |
** 13th Oak Leaves on 10 June 1941 as ''Kapitänleutnant'' and commander of ''U-38''{{sfn|Scherzer|2007|p=504}}{{sfn|Fellgiebel|2000|p=54}} |
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* Italian [[Croce di Guerra|War Cross]] with Swords (2 December 1941){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=48}} |
* Italian [[Croce di Guerra|War Cross]] with Swords (2 December 1941){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=48}} |
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* [[War Merit Cross]] 2nd Class with Swords (3 September 1944){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=48}} |
* [[War Merit Cross]] 2nd Class with Swords (3 September 1944){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=48}} |
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* Mentioned three times in the ''[[Wehrmachtbericht]]'' (5 July 1940, 31 May 1941 and 9 June 1941) |
* Mentioned three times in the ''[[Wehrmachtbericht]]'' (5 July 1940, 31 May 1941 and 9 June 1941) |
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===Promotions=== |
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{| style="background: transparent;" |
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|- |
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| 11 October 1927: || ''Seekadett'' (Midshipman){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=47}} |
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|- |
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| 1 April 1929: || ''Fähnrich zur See'' (Officer Cadet){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=47}} |
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|- |
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| 1 June 1931: || ''Oberfähnrich zur See'' (Senior Ensign){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=47}} |
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|- |
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| 1 October 1930: || ''Leutnant zur See'' (Second Lieutenant){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=47}} |
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|- |
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| 1 October 1933: || ''Oberleutnant zur See'' (First Lieutenant){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=47}} |
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|- |
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| 1 October 1936: || ''Kapitänleutnant'' (Captain Lieutenant){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=48}} |
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|- |
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| 1 December 1941: || ''Korvettenkapitän'' (Corvette Captain){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=48}} |
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|- |
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| 17 September 1944: || ''Fregattenkapitän'' (Frigatte Captain){{sfn|Busch|Röll|2003|p=48}} |
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|} |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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|publisher=Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn |
|publisher=Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn |
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|isbn=978-3-8132-0515-2 |
|isbn=978-3-8132-0515-2 |
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|ref=harv |
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}} |
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* {{Cite book |
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|last=Fellgiebel |
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|first=Walther-Peer |
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|authorlink=Walther-Peer Fellgiebel |
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|year=2000 |
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|origyear=1986 |
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|title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile |
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|trans_title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches |
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|language=German |
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|location=Friedberg, Germany |
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|publisher=Podzun-Pallas |
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|isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6 |
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|ref=harv |
|ref=harv |
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}} |
}} |
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|publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag |
|publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag |
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|isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 |
|isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 |
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|ref=harv |
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}} |
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* {{Cite book |
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|last1=Williamson |
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|first1=Gordon |
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|authorlink1=Gordon Williamson (writer) |
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|last2=Bujeiro |
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|first2=Ramiro |
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|year=2004 |
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|title=Knight's Cross and Oak Leaves Recipients 1939–40 |
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|location=Oxford, UK |
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|publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |
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|isbn=978-1-84176-641-6 |
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|ref=harv |
|ref=harv |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Refend}} |
{{Refend}} |
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==External links== |
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* {{cite web |
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|last=Helgason |
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|first=Guðmundur |
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|website=German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net |
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|title=Heinrich Liebe |
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|url=http://uboat.net/men/liebe.htm |
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|accessdate=14 April 2015 |
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}} |
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{{KCwithOL}} |
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{{Knight's Cross recipients of the U-boat service}} |
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{{U-boat War Badge with Diamonds}} |
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{{Subject bar |
{{Subject bar |
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| portal1=Biography |
| portal1=Biography |
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[[Category:People from Gotha (town)]] |
[[Category:People from Gotha (town)]] |
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[[Category:U-boat commanders (Kriegsmarine)]] |
[[Category:U-boat commanders (Kriegsmarine)]] |
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[[Category:Aces of the Deep]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]] |
[[Category:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the War Cross for Military Valor]] |
[[Category:Recipients of the War Cross for Military Valor]] |
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[[Category:Military personnel referenced in the Wehrmachtbericht]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the War Merit Cross, 2nd class]] |
[[Category:Recipients of the War Merit Cross, 2nd class]] |
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[[Category:Reichsmarine personnel]] |
[[Category:Reichsmarine personnel]] |
Revision as of 06:44, 20 April 2017
Heinrich Liebe | |
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![]() | |
Born | Gotha | 29 January 1908
Died | 27 July 1997 Eisenach, Germany | (aged 89)
Allegiance | ![]() ![]() |
Service/ | ![]() ![]() |
Years of service | 1927–45 |
Rank | Fregattenkapitän |
Unit | SSS Niobe Meteor Schleswig-Holstein U-Bootschulflottille 6th U-boat Flotilla |
Commands held | U-2,1 October 1936 – 31 January 1938 U-38, 24 October 1938 – 22 July 1941 |
Battles/wars | Battle of the Atlantic |
Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves |
Heinrich Liebe (29 January 1908 – 27 July 1997) was a highly decorated German Fregattenkapitän (commander) who served as a U-boat commander during World War II until transferred to Oberkommando der Marine (Naval High Command). He sank 34 ships for a total of 187,267 gross register tons (GRT), placing him fourth among top scoring U-boat commanders. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (German: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub). The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross and its higher grade Oak Leaves was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. It was Nazi Germany's highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Heinrich Liebe.[Note 1]
Biography
Born in Gotha, Liebe began his Reichsmarine career in 1927. Promoted to Oberfähnrich zur See on 1 June 1931, Liebe served on the World War I battleship Schleswig-Holstein for four years. In September 1935, Liebe transferred to the U-boat arm.
On 1 October 1936, Liebe was promoted to Kapitänleutnant (lieutenant) and assigned commander of U-2, a Type II U-boat attached to the U-Bootschulflottille. On 24 October 1938, Liebe commissioned U-38, a Type IX U-boat assigned to 6th U-boat Flotilla.
World War II
U-38 embarked on her first war time patrol on 19 August 1939 from Wilhelmshaven. Operating off Lisbon, Portugal on the outbreak of war, Liebe managed to sink two British freighters before returning to port on 18 September. On 2 November, Liebe set sail for Norwegian water on his second patrol.
Liebes fourth patrol, on 8 April 1940 was also set in Norwegian waters, to support Operation Weserübung, the invasion of Norway. During this patrol, Liebe shared the same negative experience of failed torpedoes as many other u-boat captains operating in the area. In mid April 1940, Liebe fired on the British heavy cruiser Effingham, but all the torpedoes fired failed to detonate.
U-38 left on her fifth patrol on 6 June 1940, tasked with patrolling the Western Approaches off southern Ireland. Liebe managed to sink six ships during this patrol, and also succeeded in landing a German agent in Ireland on 12 June. During his sixth patrol, Liebe sank three ships, and were ordered to the new 6th U-boat Flotilla base in Lorient, France. During this patrol, on 14 August, Liebe received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.
On 9 April 1941, Liebe set sail for operations off Freetown, Africa. This was Liebe's ninth and last patrol with U-38, during which he sank eight ships for a total of 47,279 GRT. For these successes, Liebe was awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross on 10 June 1941. On 29 June, U-38 returned to Lorient. The presentation was made on 30 June 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze (Wolf's Lair) in Rastenburg (now Kętrzyn in Poland).[Note 2] On 22 July, Liebe transferred off the U-38, which was put under the command of Heinrich Schuch.
Following his departure from U-38, Liebe was assigned to the staff of Oberkommando der Marine. In August 1944, he was transferred to the staff of the Commander-in-Chief of Submarines (Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote or BdU), Hans-Georg von Friedeburg, during which tenure he was promoted to Fregattenkapitän (frigate captain) on 1 October 1944.
After the war
After the war Liebe returned to his hometown in the Soviet sector to live with his parents. Since he refused to train Soviet submariners, he felt that was to blame for his being held to menial occupations. He died in July 1997 and is buried in Eisenach, Germany.
Summary of career
Ships attacked
As commander of U-38 Liebe was credited with the sinking of 34 commercial ships for 187,267 gross register tons (GRT), and damaged another of 3,670 GRT.
Awards
- Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class (2 October 1936)[3]
- Olympic Games Decoration (20 April 1937)[3]
- Iron Cross (1939)
- U-boat War Badge (1939) (16 December 1939)[3]
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
- Knight's Cross on 14 August 1940 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-38[5][6]
- 13th Oak Leaves on 10 June 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-38[5][7]
- Italian War Cross with Swords (2 December 1941)[3]
- War Merit Cross 2nd Class with Swords (3 September 1944)[3]
- Mentioned three times in the Wehrmachtbericht (5 July 1940, 31 May 1941 and 9 June 1941)
Promotions
11 October 1927: | Seekadett (Midshipman)[8] |
1 April 1929: | Fähnrich zur See (Officer Cadet)[8] |
1 June 1931: | Oberfähnrich zur See (Senior Ensign)[8] |
1 October 1930: | Leutnant zur See (Second Lieutenant)[8] |
1 October 1933: | Oberleutnant zur See (First Lieutenant)[8] |
1 October 1936: | Kapitänleutnant (Captain Lieutenant)[3] |
1 December 1941: | Korvettenkapitän (Corvette Captain)[3] |
17 September 1944: | Fregattenkapitän (Frigatte Captain)[3] |
Notes
- ^ Until late September 1941, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves was second only to the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross ([Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes] Error: [undefined] Error: {{Lang}}: no text (help): text has italic markup (help)), which was awarded only to senior commanders for winning a major battle or campaign, in the military order of the Third Reich. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves as highest military order was officially surpassed on 28 September 1941 by the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords ([Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern] Error: [undefined] Error: {{Lang}}: no text (help): text has italic markup (help)), however the first presentation of the Swords to Adolf Galland was made prior to this date on 21 June 1941.[1]
- ^ Also present at the award ceremony were the U-boat commanders Kapitänleutnant Engelbert Endraß and Kapitänleutnant Herbert Schultze who were also awarded the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross.
- ^ While the Inverliffey was a British vessel, she was flying the flag of Ireland the day that she was sunk.
References
Citations
- ^ Williamson & Bujeiro 2004, pp. 3, 7.
- ^ a b c d e Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWII U-boat successes: Ships hit by U-38". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Busch & Röll 2003, p. 48.
- ^ a b Thomas 1998, p. 26.
- ^ a b Scherzer 2007, p. 504.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 290.
- ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 54.
- ^ a b c d e Busch & Röll 2003, p. 47.
Bibliography
- Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (2003). Der U-Boot-Krieg 1939–1945 — Die Ritterkreuzträger der U-Boot-Waffe von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 (in German). Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn Germany: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn. ISBN 978-3-8132-0515-2.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help) - Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help) - Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help) - Williamson, Gordon; Bujeiro, Ramiro (2004). Knight's Cross and Oak Leaves Recipients 1939–40. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-641-6.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Die Wehrmachtberichte 1939–1945 Band 1, 1. September 1939 bis 31. Dezember 1941 (in German). München, Germany: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH & Co. KG. 1985. ISBN 978-3-423-05944-2.
{{cite book}}
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suggested) (help)
External links
- Helgason, Guðmundur. "Heinrich Liebe". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
Template:KCwithOL Template:Knight's Cross recipients of the U-boat service Template:U-boat War Badge with Diamonds
- 1908 births
- 1997 deaths
- People from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- People from Gotha (town)
- U-boat commanders (Kriegsmarine)
- Aces of the Deep
- Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
- Recipients of the War Cross for Military Valor
- Military personnel referenced in the Wehrmachtbericht
- Recipients of the War Merit Cross, 2nd class
- Reichsmarine personnel