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* Alexanian, Janet A. (Nov. 2006). [http://muse.jhu.edu/cgi-bin/access.cgi?uri=/journals/comparative_studies_of_south_asia_africa_and_the_middle_east/v026/26.1alexanian.pdf Publicly Intimate Online: Iranian Web Logs in Southern California]. ''Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, Duke University Press'' 26(1)
* Alexanian, Janet A. (Nov. 2006). [http://muse.jhu.edu/cgi-bin/access.cgi?uri=/journals/comparative_studies_of_south_asia_africa_and_the_middle_east/v026/26.1alexanian.pdf Publicly Intimate Online: Iranian Web Logs in Southern California]. ''Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, Duke University Press'' 26(1)


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==Media articles==

*Murphy, Brian. (Aug. 2006) [http://www.businessweek.com/ap/tech/D8JFPPMG1.htm?sub=apn_tech_down&chan=tc Iranian censors clamp down on bloggers]. Associated Press

*Ziabari, Kourosh (Aug. 2006) [http://ayjw.org/articles.php?id=807606 Weblogs are the new generation of Media]. ''AYJW''

*Gensing, Patrick. (Feb. 2006). [http://www.tagesschau.de/aktuell/meldungen/0,1185,OID5198456_REF1,00.html Ein iranischer Blogger in Israel - "Mein Blog ist Rap-Musik"]. tagesschau.de
*Jürgs, Alexander. (Dec. 2005). [http://www.faz.net/s/Rub117C535CDF414415BB243B181B8B60AE/Doc~E734F641E22B847C48C6FD27454109775~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html Vater der Blogger] Frankfurter Algemeine Zeitung
* (Feb. 2006) [http://www.dn.se/DNet/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=574&a=520979&previousRenderType=2 Bloggen är hans fasta punkt] Dagens Nyheter
*Carp, Ossi. (Feb. 2006). [http://www.svd.se/dynamiskt/kultur/did_11804412.asp Hoder visar ett annat Iran] Svenska Dagbladet
*Reza Kazemi, Mohammad (Jul. 2006). [http://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/politik/0,1518,427796,00.html Aufstand per Mausklick]. Der Spiegel
*Halpern, Orly (Jan. 2006). [http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1138622510033&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull Web relations: Iranian blogs his way to Israel]. ''Jerusalem Post''
*Ofek, Koby (Jan. 2006). [http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/objects/pages/PrintArticleEn.jhtml?itemNo=676697 I'll blog your house down]. ''Haaretz''
*Macintyre, Ben (Dec. 2005). [http://myotherfellow.blogspot.com/2005/12/mullahs-versus-bloggers.html Mullahs versus bloggers]. ''The Times''
*Taylor, Craig (Oct. 2005). [http://www.magazine.utoronto.ca/05autumn/blogger.asp A Dissident's Diary]. ''UofT Magazine''
*Derakhshan, Hossein (Jul. 2005). [http://opendemocracy.net/democracy-irandemocracy/reform_2649.jsp Iran's young reformers]. ''openDemocracy''
*Siamdoust, Nahid (Jun. 2005). [http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/857539281.html?did=857539281&FMT=ABS&FMTS=FT&date=Jun+23%2C+2005&author=Nahid+Siamdoust&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&desc=THE+WORLD%3B+Iranian+Blogger+Returns+From+Exile+for+Vote%3B+An+influential+voice+of+dissent+emerges+from+Toronto+and+cyberspace+for+the+presidential+race.+It%27s+a+choice+%27between+bad+and+worse%2C%27+he+says. Iranian Blogger Returns From Exile for Vote]. ''Los Angeles Times''
*Howe, Jeff (Jun. 2005). [http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.06/posts.html?pg=6 Blog Spring]. ''Wired Magazine''
*[http://www.todayonline.com/articles/58052.asp Exiles seek to blog Iran toward democracy]. (Jun. 2005). ''AFP''
*Dickey, Christopher (Jun. 2005). [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8049628/site/newsweek/ Writing Lolita in Tehran]. ''Newsweek''
*Milaninia, Nema (Jun. 2005) [http://news.pacificnews.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=32bb498ec49e9d314476713cdf9ab35a A Tehran Bias: Why We Iranian Bloggers Were Wrong About the Election]. ''Pacific News Service''
*Hossein Derakhshan (Jun. 2005) [http://www.zeit.de/2005/27/Iran Ein TV-Sieg]. ''Die Zeit''
*Lau, Jörg (Jun. 2005 [http://www.zeit.de/2005/25/IranInternet In Weblogistan]. ''Die Zeit''
*Jami, Mehdi (June 2005) [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4099380.stm Iranian blogs take on elections]. ''BBC News''
*Milaninia, Nema (June 2005) [http://www.iranian.com/Milaninia/2005/June/Blog/index.html blogsbyiranians.com]. ''The Iranian''
*Slavin, Barbara (June 2005) [http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-06-12-iran-election-internet_x.htm Internet booms alters political process in Iran]. ''USA Today''
*Vanden Heuvel, Katrina (May 2005) [http://www.thenation.com/blogs/edcut?pid=2947 Bloggers of Iran]. ''The Nation''
*Derakhshan, Hossein & Larsen, Solana (May 2005) [http://www.opendemocracy.net/debates/article-3-128-2502.jsp Blogging Iran's wired election]. ''openDemocracy''
*Pelta-Heller, Zack (Feb. 2005). [http://www.alternet.org/mediaculture/21316/ Building Blogs]. ''AlterNet''
*Boyd, Clark (Feb. 2005). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4283231.stm The price paid for blogging Iran]. ''BBC Online''
*Motlagh, Jason (Feb. 2005). [http://www.washtimes.com/upi-breaking/20050214-050322-8970r.htm Words are weapons for Iranian bloggers]. ''Washington Times''
*Theodolou, Michael (Feb. 2005). [http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0202/p04s01-wome.html Iran's bloggers get caught in crossfire of 'war on terror']. ''Christian Science Monitor''
*Stack, Megan (Jan. 2005). [http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-bloggers24jan24,0,7925562.story Iran Attempts to Pull Plug on Web Dissidents]. ''Los Angeles Times''
*Fathi, Nazila (Jan. 2005). [http://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/16/international/middleeast/16iran.html Iranian Cleric Turns Blogger In Campaign For Reform]. ''New York Times''
*Ho, Stephanie (Jan 2005). [http://author.voanews.com/english/2005-01-14-voa81.cfm 'Blogging' Stirs Controversy in Iran]. ''VOA News''
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4056543.stm Iran fights to keep Gulf Persian]. (Nov. 2004). ''BBC News''
*Lobe, Jim (Nov. 2004). [http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/civilsociety/articles/eav111604.shtml Rights groups condemn Iran's internet crackdown]. ''EurasiaNet''
*Macintyre, Ben (Nov. 2004). [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,482-1356091,00.html Welcome to the new Tom Paines]. ''The Times Online''.
*Fathi, Nazila (Nov. 2004). [http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/08/international/middleeast/08iran.html Iran Jails More Journalists and Blocks Web Sites]. ''New York Times''.
*W. Drezner, Daniel and Farrell, Henry (Nov. 2004). [http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/files/story2707.php Web of Influence]. ''Foreign Policy''.
*Theodolou, Michael (Nov. 2004). [http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/1028/p07s01-wome.html Iran's hard-liners turn a censorious eye on Web journalists]. ''Christian Science Monitor''.
*Bahari, Maziar (Nov. 2004). [http://msnbc.msn.com/id/6370004/site/newsweek/ Iran: 'Hey World, Pay Attention to Us!']. ''Newsweek''.
*Bahari, Maziar (Nov. 2004). [http://msnbc.msn.com/id/6370141/site/newsweek/ Closing the Cybergates]. ''Newsweek International''.
*[http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/61576/ Bloggers Protest Internet Crackdown]. (Sep. 2004). ''[[International Freedom of Expression eXchange]]''
*Meyer, Andre (Sep. 2004). [http://www.thismagazine.ca/issues/2004/09/question.php Persian Persuasion]. (Sep. 2004). 'This Magazine'
*Glaser, Mark (Sep. 2004). [http://ojr.org/ojr/glaser/1095807595.php Iranian Bloggers Protest Government Crackdown on Reformist News Sites]. ''Online Journalism Review''.
*Amir-Ebrahimi, Masserat (Sep 2004). [http://www.badjens.com/rediscovery.html Performance in Everyday Life and the Rediscovery of the "Self" in Iranian Weblogs]. ''"Badjens" Iranian Feminist Newsletter''
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3677984.stm Iran's bloggers in censorship protest]. (Sep. 2004). ''BBC News Online''.
*Gillmor, Dan (Apr. 2004). [http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/business/8481937.htm Weblogs gaining maturity, becoming more useful]. ''San Jose Mercury News''.
*Bazzi, Mohamad (Mar. 2004). [http://www.detnews.com/2004/nation/0403/25/a14-102876.htm Cleric's Web site breaches tradition]. ''Newsday''.
*Murphy, Brian (Feb. 2004). [http://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/02/19/iran.blogging.ap/ Blogging boom in Iran defies media control]. ''Associated Press''.
*Glaser, Mark (Jan. 2004). [http://www.ojr.org/ojr/glaser/1073610866.php Iranian Journalist Credits Blogs for Playing Key Role in His Release From Prison]. ''Online Journalism Review''.
*Derakhshan, Hossein (Jan. 2004). [http://www.opendemocracy.net/debates/article-8-85-1683.jsp Censor this: Iran's web of lies]. ''openDemocracy''.
*Scullion, Aaron (Dec. 2003). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3312841.stm Iran's president defends web control]. ''BBC News Online''.
*Scullion, Aaron (Dec. 2003). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3310493.stm Iranian bloggers rally against censorship]. ''BBC News Online''.
*Derakhshan, Hossein (Nov. 2003). [http://www.tekka.net/03/?Iran Blogs makes them feel free]. ''Tekka Magazine''.
*[http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB105848499831453000,00.html?mod=opinion%5Fmain%5Freview%5Fand%5Foutlooks The Blog Shall Make You Free]. (Jul. 2003). ''Wall Street Journal''.
*McLaughlin, Erin (Jul. 2003). [http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/07/16/iran.blogs/index.html Iran keeps an eye on the bloggers]. ''CNN.com International''.
*Moallemian, Pedram (Jul 2003). [http://iranian.com/PedramMoallemian/2003/July/Blog/ Blogs shall set you free]. ''The Iranian''.
*Delio, Michelle (May 2004). [http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,58976,00.html Blogs Opening Iranian Society?]. ''Wired News''.
*Thompson, Bill (May 2003). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/2992587.stm Gagging the Bloggers].''BBC News Online''.
*Wente, Margaret (May 2003). [http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/LAC/20030520/COWENT20/TPColumnists/ The story of the Internet and the frustrated mullahs]. ''The Globe and Mail''.
*Yousefizadeh, Pejman (May 2003). [http://www.techcentralstation.com/1051/defensewrapper.jsp?PID=1051-350&CID=1051-050603E Blogging for Revolution ].''Tech Central Station''.
*Brooks, Allison (May 2003). [http://www.msnbc.com/news/912480.asp Bloggers United]. ''Newsweek Online''.
*Moallemian, Pedram (May 2003). [http://lark.phoblacht.net/sina.html Iran's Web Log Quandary]. ''The Blanket''.
*Glaser, Mark (Apr. 2003). [http://www.ojr.org/ojr/glaser/1051148901.php Weblogs Unite to Protest Detained Iranian Blogger ]. ''Online Journalism Review''.
*Derakhshan, Hossein (Mar. 2003). [http://hoder.com/weblog/archives/006659.html Weblogs, an Iranian Perspective]. ''Editor: Myself''.
*Rezakhani, Khodadad (Feb. 2003). [http://www.iranologie.com/ewe.htm Editorials without Editors]. ''Iranologie''.
*Grivitz, Geoff (Jul. 2002). [http://www.shift.com/content/web/391/1.html Bringing the Mountain to Mohammad]. ''Shift online''.
*Hermida, Alfred (Jun. 2002). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2044802.stm Web gives a voice to Iranian women].''BBC New Online''.
*Khojasteh, Kaveh (Jun. 2002). [http://www.physics.utoronto.ca/~kaveh/r/archives/000096.html Persian Weblogs]. ''Not Exactly''.
*ABRIC, Christophe (Mar. 2003). [http://www.tf1.fr/news/multimedia/0,,978464-e30ge30=,00.html Iran-libre.com]. ''tf1 News''.
*Senza segreti, Dario (Mar. 2003). [http://www.cultur-e.it/content_s.asp?subc=574 Silvia Santoni]. ''Cultur-e''.
*[http://www.kitab.nl/2006/04/16/weblogestan/ Weblogestan: à l’école de la blogsphère iranienne.]. [http://www.kitab.nl/ fikra فكرة]By Sami Ben Gharbia; in Frech and Arabic.


==Access Issues==
==Access Issues==

Revision as of 08:16, 25 September 2006

Blogging in Iran operates under special circumstances as the Iranian government tends to discourage self-expression. Blogs in general tend to be unregulated compared to other forms of expression in Iranian society. This characteristic can account for the huge popularity of blogs especially among Iranian youths. As of October 2005, there are estimated to be about 700,000 Iranian blogs (out of an estimated total of 100 million worldwide), of which about 40,000-110,000 are active , mostly written in Persian language, the official language of Iran.

There are also many weblogs written by Iranians in English and other languages. Most of them, though, belong to expatriates who live in North America, Europe, Japan, etc. Blogs By Iranians keeps a list of Iranian blogs written in English.

Timeline

  • 2001
    • 7 September - Salman Jariri publishes the first Persian blog. [1]
    • 5 November - Hossein Derakhshan publishes instructions on "How to make a blog in Persian" using Blogger.com's free service.
  • 2002
  • 2003
    • 20 April - Sina Motallebi, journalist and blogger is arrested.
    • 26 September - Cafe Blog opens in north of Tehran.
    • 24 November - Mohammad Ali Abtahi, then Vice President for Legal and Parliamentary Affairs, starts "Webnevesht", the first blog by a member of the Iranian cabinet.
  • 2004
    • 16 January - Protesting MPs on sit-in start a weblog.
    • 6 June - Persian Blogging festival starts.
    • November - Iranian blogger Mojtaba Saminejad arrested for writing about the arrests of three other bloggers
  • 2005
    • 5 January - Saeed Mortazavi, Tehran's Chief prosecuter, ordered major ISPs to filter PersianBlog and other blogging service websites.
    • 27 January/12 February - Iranian blogger Mojtaba Saminejad briefly released, then rearrested
    • October Blog Herald estimate: 700,000 Iranian blogs, of which about 10% are active
    • November - Hossein Derakhshan banned from entering the USA for six months, allegedly because of his blog content [2]
  • 2006

Tools

Directories

  • Blogs by Iranians Directory of weblogs that Iranians write in English language, either from inside or outside Iran.
  • PersianBlog Most active blogs on PersianBlog service.
  • BlogFa The recently updated blogs on BlogFa.
  • MihanBlog Most active blogs on PersianBlog service.
  • We Are Iran: The Persian Blogs by Nasrin Alavi (Soft Skull Press /November 28, 2005) ISBN 1-933368-05-5
  • We the Media: Grassroots Journalism by the People, for the People by Dan Gilmor (O'Reilly, 2004) ISBN 0-596-00733-7

Academic papers

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Access Issues

A weblog on Iran, technology and pop culture, by Hossein Derakhshansays "Friends in Iran, journalists and technicians, are saying that judiciary officials have ordered all major internet service providers to filter all blogging services including PersianBlog, BlogSpot, Blogger, BlogSky, and even BlogRolling. They have also ordered to filter Orkut, Yahoo Personals and some other popular dating and social networking websites."

Slashdot contributor Bahamat says "I'm the Senior System Administrator for Anonymizer and we have a contract with Voice of America to provide free proxy service to Iran. It's based off of PrivateSurfing... Added features for the Iran proxy is full time SSL, URL encryption, Persian language support, and we switch the proxy website about once a month (every time the Iranian government blocks us). We perform checks on the service from within Iran to see if our site is actually blocked (yes, it works), and we maintain a database of all known e-mail addresses that we can detect as being located in Iran. Every time we switch the proxy site we send an e-mail informing them of the new free proxy location so the citizens of Iran can find it. The sites are also broadcast via radio and TV into Iran by the VOA. To be honest, we're usually about a day behind the blocks, due mostly to time zone differences."

Interesting facts

"Persian is now the fourth most widely used language on web logs." - The (UK) Times, 2004 [3].

See also