1967 British Virgin Islands general election: Difference between revisions
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The '''British Virgin Islands general election, 1967''' was held in the [[British Virgin Islands]] on 14 April 1967.<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=7 }}</ref> The election was the first general election after the passing of the new [[Constitution of the British Virgin Islands|Constitution]]<ref>Virgin Islands (Constitution) Order, 1967 (SI No 471 of 1967).</ref> earlier in the same year, which introduced [[Prime ministerial government|Ministerial Government]] into the British Virgin Islands for the first time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=8 }}</ref> Elections under the prior Constitution introduced in 1950<ref>Constitution (Virgin Islands) Act, 1950.</ref> to restore the Legislative Council had merely elected legislators. It is probably fair to say that 1967 marked the introduction of true direct [[democracy|democratic rule]] in the British Virgin Islands. But, notwithstanding the introduction of Ministerial Government, the resulting Legislative Council is still referred to as the 6th Legislative Council in deference to the five prior Councils elected under the 1950 Constitution.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=36 }}</ref> |
The '''British Virgin Islands general election, 1967''' was held in the [[British Virgin Islands]] on 14 April 1967.<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=7 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063531/http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |archivedate=7 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The election was the first general election after the passing of the new [[Constitution of the British Virgin Islands|Constitution]]<ref>Virgin Islands (Constitution) Order, 1967 (SI No 471 of 1967).</ref> earlier in the same year, which introduced [[Prime ministerial government|Ministerial Government]] into the British Virgin Islands for the first time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=8 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063531/http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |archivedate=7 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Elections under the prior Constitution introduced in 1950<ref>Constitution (Virgin Islands) Act, 1950.</ref> to restore the Legislative Council had merely elected legislators. It is probably fair to say that 1967 marked the introduction of true direct [[democracy|democratic rule]] in the British Virgin Islands. But, notwithstanding the introduction of Ministerial Government, the resulting Legislative Council is still referred to as the 6th Legislative Council in deference to the five prior Councils elected under the 1950 Constitution.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=36 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063531/http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |archivedate=7 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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==Results== |
==Results== |
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Prior to 1967 there had been no political parties in the British Virgin Islands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=8 }}</ref> The election was therefore contested by three, newly created, political parties:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=71 }}</ref> |
Prior to 1967 there had been no political parties in the British Virgin Islands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=8 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063531/http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |archivedate=7 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The election was therefore contested by three, newly created, political parties:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=71 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063531/http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |archivedate=7 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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# The [[United Party (British Virgin Islands)|BVI United Party]], led by [[Conrad Maduro]] |
# The [[United Party (British Virgin Islands)|BVI United Party]], led by [[Conrad Maduro]] |
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# The [[VI Democratic Party]], led by [[Qwominer William Osborne]] |
# The [[VI Democratic Party]], led by [[Qwominer William Osborne]] |
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The BVI United Party contested all seven available seats. The other two parties only contested five seats each. Lavity Stoutt had been elected each year since 1957. Dr Osborne had been elected during the previous election in 1963. Isaac Fonseca was the political veteran having been elected in every single election held in the Territory, commencing with the first in 1950. |
The BVI United Party contested all seven available seats. The other two parties only contested five seats each. Lavity Stoutt had been elected each year since 1957. Dr Osborne had been elected during the previous election in 1963. Isaac Fonseca was the political veteran having been elected in every single election held in the Territory, commencing with the first in 1950. |
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The result was a victory for the BVI United Party which won an overall majority of four seats.<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=74 }}</ref> However, the party President, Conrad Maduro, did not win a seat and so was unable to become Chief Minister despite leading the party with the highest number of seats. Accordingly, [[Lavity Stoutt]] was appointed as the first Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands.<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=212 (para 1.53)}}</ref> The VI Democratic Party won two seats, with the People's Own Party winning the remaining seat. The most closely contested seat between the two parties with a plurality of seats<ref>Leopold Smith won the Third District (Sea Cow's Bay) by an even narrower margin for the VI Democratic Party – just 8 votes – but if the second placed candidate (Zagoul Butler) had won those extra votes that would not have affected the BVI United Party's majority of seats.</ref> was the Seventh District ([[Anegada]] and [[Virgin Gorda]]), which Robinson O'Neal won for the BVI United Party by a mere 13 votes over Reeial George for VI Democratic Party.<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=74 }}</ref> If just seven voters in that district had voted the other way, the VI Democratic Party would have won, and Q.W. Osborne would have been the first Chief Minister. As the results turned out, he had to settle for being the first [[Leader of the Opposition (British Virgin Islands)|leader of the opposition]]. Similarly, if Conrad Maduro had secured a few more votes then ''he'' might have been the first Chief Minister. However, as it happened the 1967 election effectively launched a long and successful career for Lavity Stoutt, who would end up being elected Chief Minister five times. |
The result was a victory for the BVI United Party which won an overall majority of four seats.<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=74 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063531/http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |archivedate=7 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> However, the party President, Conrad Maduro, did not win a seat and so was unable to become Chief Minister despite leading the party with the highest number of seats. Accordingly, [[Lavity Stoutt]] was appointed as the first Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands.<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=212 (para 1.53) |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063531/http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |archivedate=7 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The VI Democratic Party won two seats, with the People's Own Party winning the remaining seat. The most closely contested seat between the two parties with a plurality of seats<ref>Leopold Smith won the Third District (Sea Cow's Bay) by an even narrower margin for the VI Democratic Party – just 8 votes – but if the second placed candidate (Zagoul Butler) had won those extra votes that would not have affected the BVI United Party's majority of seats.</ref> was the Seventh District ([[Anegada]] and [[Virgin Gorda]]), which Robinson O'Neal won for the BVI United Party by a mere 13 votes over Reeial George for VI Democratic Party.<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=74 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063531/http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |archivedate=7 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> If just seven voters in that district had voted the other way, the VI Democratic Party would have won, and Q.W. Osborne would have been the first Chief Minister. As the results turned out, he had to settle for being the first [[Leader of the Opposition (British Virgin Islands)|leader of the opposition]]. Similarly, if Conrad Maduro had secured a few more votes then ''he'' might have been the first Chief Minister. However, as it happened the 1967 election effectively launched a long and successful career for Lavity Stoutt, who would end up being elected Chief Minister five times. |
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The turnout was a relatively high 72.3% with only 5 spoiled ballots in the entire country.<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=71 }}</ref> The Supervisor of Elections was initially D.K.H. McIntyre, but he had to retire on grounds of ill-health and was replaced by Lionel W. Barker on 27 February 1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=7 }}</ref> |
The turnout was a relatively high 72.3% with only 5 spoiled ballots in the entire country.<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=71 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063531/http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |archivedate=7 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The Supervisor of Elections was initially D.K.H. McIntyre, but he had to retire on grounds of ill-health and was replaced by Lionel W. Barker on 27 February 1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=7 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063531/http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |archivedate=7 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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===Individual territorial seats=== |
===Individual territorial seats=== |
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Results for the individual electoral districts were as follow:<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=74 }}</ref> |
Results for the individual electoral districts were as follow:<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=74 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063531/http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |archivedate=7 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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'''First Electoral District''' |
'''First Electoral District''' |
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==Ministerial appointments== |
==Ministerial appointments== |
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Lavity Stoutt was appointed as first Chief Minister and first Minister for Education. Q.W. Osborne was appointed as the First Leader of the Opposition. Ivan Dawson, despite not being a member of the BVI United Party, was appointed first Minister for National Resources and Public Health.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=45 }}</ref> |
Lavity Stoutt was appointed as first Chief Minister and first Minister for Education. Q.W. Osborne was appointed as the First Leader of the Opposition. Ivan Dawson, despite not being a member of the BVI United Party, was appointed first Minister for National Resources and Public Health.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=45 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063531/http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |archivedate=7 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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Future Chief Minister, [[Cyril Romney]], was also appointed as the first Native BVIslander to act as Financial Secretary after the election.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=45 }}</ref> |
Future Chief Minister, [[Cyril Romney]], was also appointed as the first Native BVIslander to act as Financial Secretary after the election.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |title=BVI election and information results 1950–2011 |publisher=BVI Deputy Governor's Office |page=45 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063531/http://216.197.123.192/Portals/0/Forms/Election%20Information%20and%20Results%201950-2011.pdf |archivedate=7 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> |
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==Footnotes== |
==Footnotes== |
Revision as of 05:30, 26 July 2017
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All seats in the British Virgin Islands Legislative Council 4 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The British Virgin Islands general election, 1967 was held in the British Virgin Islands on 14 April 1967.[1] The election was the first general election after the passing of the new Constitution[2] earlier in the same year, which introduced Ministerial Government into the British Virgin Islands for the first time.[3] Elections under the prior Constitution introduced in 1950[4] to restore the Legislative Council had merely elected legislators. It is probably fair to say that 1967 marked the introduction of true direct democratic rule in the British Virgin Islands. But, notwithstanding the introduction of Ministerial Government, the resulting Legislative Council is still referred to as the 6th Legislative Council in deference to the five prior Councils elected under the 1950 Constitution.[5]
Results
Prior to 1967 there had been no political parties in the British Virgin Islands.[6] The election was therefore contested by three, newly created, political parties:[7]
- The BVI United Party, led by Conrad Maduro
- The VI Democratic Party, led by Qwominer William Osborne
- The People's Own Party, led by Isaac Fonseca
The BVI United Party contested all seven available seats. The other two parties only contested five seats each. Lavity Stoutt had been elected each year since 1957. Dr Osborne had been elected during the previous election in 1963. Isaac Fonseca was the political veteran having been elected in every single election held in the Territory, commencing with the first in 1950.
The result was a victory for the BVI United Party which won an overall majority of four seats.[8] However, the party President, Conrad Maduro, did not win a seat and so was unable to become Chief Minister despite leading the party with the highest number of seats. Accordingly, Lavity Stoutt was appointed as the first Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands.[9] The VI Democratic Party won two seats, with the People's Own Party winning the remaining seat. The most closely contested seat between the two parties with a plurality of seats[10] was the Seventh District (Anegada and Virgin Gorda), which Robinson O'Neal won for the BVI United Party by a mere 13 votes over Reeial George for VI Democratic Party.[11] If just seven voters in that district had voted the other way, the VI Democratic Party would have won, and Q.W. Osborne would have been the first Chief Minister. As the results turned out, he had to settle for being the first leader of the opposition. Similarly, if Conrad Maduro had secured a few more votes then he might have been the first Chief Minister. However, as it happened the 1967 election effectively launched a long and successful career for Lavity Stoutt, who would end up being elected Chief Minister five times.
The turnout was a relatively high 72.3% with only 5 spoiled ballots in the entire country.[12] The Supervisor of Elections was initially D.K.H. McIntyre, but he had to retire on grounds of ill-health and was replaced by Lionel W. Barker on 27 February 1967.[13]
Individual territorial seats
Results for the individual electoral districts were as follow:[14]
First Electoral District
Candidate | Party | Votes | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
H. Lavity Stoutt | BVI United Party | 221 | 57.0% |
Austin Cameron | VI Democratic Party | 167 | 43.0% |
Second Electoral District
Candidate | Party | Votes | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Ivan Dawson | BVI United Party | 171 | 49.4% |
George A. Christopher | VI Democratic Party | 139 | 40.2% |
Arthur P. Roberts | People's Own Party | 36 | 10.4% |
Third Electoral District
Candidate | Party | Votes | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Leopold Smith | VI Democratic Party | 125 | 37.7% |
Zagoul H. M. Butler | People's Own Party | 117 | 35.2% |
Stanford Connor | BVI United Party | 90 | 27.1% |
Fourth Electoral District
Candidate | Party | Votes | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Q.W. Osborne | VI Democratic Party | 216 | 50.3% |
Arnando Scatliffe | People's Own Party | 147 | 34.3% |
Howard R. Penn | BVI United Party | 66 | 15.4% |
Fifth Electoral District
Candidate | Party | Votes | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Isaac G. Fonseca | People's Own Party | 195 | 56.4% |
Conrad Maduro | BVI United Party | 151 | 43.6% |
Sixth Electoral District
Candidate | Party | Votes | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Terrance B. Lettsome | BVI United Party | 229 | 57.7% |
Bernard Penn | People's Own Party | 168 | 42.3% |
Seventh Electoral District
Candidate | Party | Votes | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Robinson O'Neal | BVI United Party | 166 | 52.0% |
Reeial George | VI Democratic Party | 153 | 48.0% |
Ministerial appointments
Lavity Stoutt was appointed as first Chief Minister and first Minister for Education. Q.W. Osborne was appointed as the First Leader of the Opposition. Ivan Dawson, despite not being a member of the BVI United Party, was appointed first Minister for National Resources and Public Health.[15]
Future Chief Minister, Cyril Romney, was also appointed as the first Native BVIslander to act as Financial Secretary after the election.[16]
Footnotes
- ^ "BVI election and information results 1950–2011" (PDF). BVI Deputy Governor's Office. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Virgin Islands (Constitution) Order, 1967 (SI No 471 of 1967).
- ^ "BVI election and information results 1950–2011" (PDF). BVI Deputy Governor's Office. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Constitution (Virgin Islands) Act, 1950.
- ^ "BVI election and information results 1950–2011" (PDF). BVI Deputy Governor's Office. p. 36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "BVI election and information results 1950–2011" (PDF). BVI Deputy Governor's Office. p. 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "BVI election and information results 1950–2011" (PDF). BVI Deputy Governor's Office. p. 71. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "BVI election and information results 1950–2011" (PDF). BVI Deputy Governor's Office. p. 74. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "BVI election and information results 1950–2011" (PDF). BVI Deputy Governor's Office. p. 212 (para 1.53). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ Leopold Smith won the Third District (Sea Cow's Bay) by an even narrower margin for the VI Democratic Party – just 8 votes – but if the second placed candidate (Zagoul Butler) had won those extra votes that would not have affected the BVI United Party's majority of seats.
- ^ "BVI election and information results 1950–2011" (PDF). BVI Deputy Governor's Office. p. 74. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "BVI election and information results 1950–2011" (PDF). BVI Deputy Governor's Office. p. 71. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "BVI election and information results 1950–2011" (PDF). BVI Deputy Governor's Office. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "BVI election and information results 1950–2011" (PDF). BVI Deputy Governor's Office. p. 74. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "BVI election and information results 1950–2011" (PDF). BVI Deputy Governor's Office. p. 45. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "BVI election and information results 1950–2011" (PDF). BVI Deputy Governor's Office. p. 45. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014.
{{cite web}}
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