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'''Chikilidae''' is a family of '''Indian caecilians''', the 10th and most recent (2012) family of [[caecilian]]s (legless [[amphibian]]s) to be identified, although the type species, ''[[Fuller's_caecilian|Chikila fulleri]]'' (formerly ''[[Herpele]] fulleri'') was first described in 1904.<ref name=Chikilidae>{{cite journal|last1=Kamei|first1=R. G.|last2= San Mauro|first2= D.|last3=Gower|first3=D. J.|last4=Van Bocxlaer|first4=I.|last5= Sherratt|first5=E.|last6= Thomas|first6=A.|last7= Babu|first7=S.|last8= Bossuyt|first8=F.|last9= Wilkinson|first9=M.|last10= Biju|first10=S. D.|title=Discovery of a new family of amphibians from northeast India with ancient links to Africa|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume= 279|issue=1737|date= 2012-02-22|pages= 2396–2401|issn= 0962-8452|doi= 10.1098/rspb.2012.0150|pmid=22357266|pmc=3350690}}</ref> The discovery that this was a separate lineage resulted from genetic analyses of specimens collected during about 250 soil-digging expeditions over five years that covered every [[North-East India|Northeast Indian]] state.<ref name=bbc2012-02-22>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17100578|title=New amphibian family find for India|date=February 22, 2012|work=BBC News}}</ref> A team of biologists led by [[University of Delhi]] [[herpetologist]] [[Sathyabhama Das Biju]] described the family as representing as many as seven species apparently endemic to the region.<ref name=Chikilidae/> In September 2012, some of these species were also found in [[Lawachara National Park]] in the [[Sylhet]] region of northeastern [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Prothom-Alo |url=http://www.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2012-10-02/news/294476 |title=১৪ কোটি বছর আগের ইতিহাস জানান দেওয়া উভচর |publisher=Prothom-Alo |date=2012-10-02 |accessdate=2012-10-02}}</ref> The family's lineage is believed to have originated in [[Africa]], where their closest living relatives are found.<ref name = "">{{cite web|author=The Associated Press |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/family-legless-amphibians-called-chikilidae-found-india-article-1.1027077 |title=New family of legless amphibians called chikilidae found in India |publisher=NY Daily News |date=2011-05-15 |accessdate=2012-02-24}}</ref> |
'''Chikilidae''' is a family of '''Indian caecilians''', the 10th and most recent (2012) family of [[caecilian]]s (legless [[amphibian]]s) to be identified, although the type species, ''[[Fuller's_caecilian|Chikila fulleri]]'' (formerly ''[[Herpele]] fulleri'') was first described in 1904.<ref name=Chikilidae>{{cite journal|last1=Kamei|first1=R. G.|last2= San Mauro|first2= D.|last3=Gower|first3=D. J.|last4=Van Bocxlaer|first4=I.|last5= Sherratt|first5=E.|last6= Thomas|first6=A.|last7= Babu|first7=S.|last8= Bossuyt|first8=F.|last9= Wilkinson|first9=M.|last10= Biju|first10=S. D.|title=Discovery of a new family of amphibians from northeast India with ancient links to Africa|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume= 279|issue=1737|date= 2012-02-22|pages= 2396–2401|issn= 0962-8452|doi= 10.1098/rspb.2012.0150|pmid=22357266|pmc=3350690}}</ref> The discovery that this was a separate lineage resulted from genetic analyses of specimens collected during about 250 soil-digging expeditions over five years that covered every [[North-East India|Northeast Indian]] state.<ref name=bbc2012-02-22>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17100578|title=New amphibian family find for India|date=February 22, 2012|work=BBC News}}</ref> A team of biologists led by [[University of Delhi]] [[herpetologist]] [[Sathyabhama Das Biju]] described the family as representing as many as seven species apparently endemic to the region.<ref name=Chikilidae/> In September 2012, some of these species were also found in [[Lawachara National Park]] in the [[Sylhet]] region of northeastern [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite web |author=Prothom-Alo |url=http://www.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2012-10-02/news/294476 |title=১৪ কোটি বছর আগের ইতিহাস জানান দেওয়া উভচর |publisher=Prothom-Alo |date=2012-10-02 |accessdate=2012-10-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003231334/http://www.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2012-10-02/news/294476 |archivedate=2012-10-03 |df= }}</ref> The family's lineage is believed to have originated in [[Africa]], where their closest living relatives are found.<ref name = "">{{cite web|author=The Associated Press |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/family-legless-amphibians-called-chikilidae-found-india-article-1.1027077 |title=New family of legless amphibians called chikilidae found in India |publisher=NY Daily News |date=2011-05-15 |accessdate=2012-02-24}}</ref> |
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Chikilids grow to about {{convert|4|in|cm|abbr=on}} in length.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2012/02/21/new_family_of_legless_amphibians_found_in_india/?page=full|title=New family of legless amphibians found in India|date=February 21, 2012|work=Boston Globe}}</ref> They have very limited eyesight and skulls adapted for burrowing.<ref name=bbc2012-02-22 /> Their eggs hatch into adult [[caecilian]]s, with no larval stage in between. The mothers stay wrapped around their developing eggs for two to three months, apparently not eating at all during this period. |
Chikilids grow to about {{convert|4|in|cm|abbr=on}} in length.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boston.com/news/science/articles/2012/02/21/new_family_of_legless_amphibians_found_in_india/?page=full|title=New family of legless amphibians found in India|date=February 21, 2012|work=Boston Globe}}</ref> They have very limited eyesight and skulls adapted for burrowing.<ref name=bbc2012-02-22 /> Their eggs hatch into adult [[caecilian]]s, with no larval stage in between. The mothers stay wrapped around their developing eggs for two to three months, apparently not eating at all during this period. |
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Revision as of 22:11, 4 August 2017
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Chikilidae is a family of Indian caecilians, the 10th and most recent (2012) family of caecilians (legless amphibians) to be identified, although the type species, Chikila fulleri (formerly Herpele fulleri) was first described in 1904.[1] The discovery that this was a separate lineage resulted from genetic analyses of specimens collected during about 250 soil-digging expeditions over five years that covered every Northeast Indian state.[2] A team of biologists led by University of Delhi herpetologist Sathyabhama Das Biju described the family as representing as many as seven species apparently endemic to the region.[1] In September 2012, some of these species were also found in Lawachara National Park in the Sylhet region of northeastern Bangladesh.[3] The family's lineage is believed to have originated in Africa, where their closest living relatives are found.[4]
Chikilids grow to about 4 in (10 cm) in length.[5] They have very limited eyesight and skulls adapted for burrowing.[2] Their eggs hatch into adult caecilians, with no larval stage in between. The mothers stay wrapped around their developing eggs for two to three months, apparently not eating at all during this period.
Until this discovery, only nine families of caecilians were known from across the wet tropical regions of Southeast Asia, India, Sri Lanka, parts of East and West Africa, the Seychelles, Central America and northern and eastern parts of South America.[6] From morphological and DNA analyses, the researchers concluded the new family had evolved independently of other caecilians since the time of the dinosaurs.[1]
References
- ^ a b c Kamei, R. G.; San Mauro, D.; Gower, D. J.; Van Bocxlaer, I.; Sherratt, E.; Thomas, A.; Babu, S.; Bossuyt, F.; Wilkinson, M.; Biju, S. D. (2012-02-22). "Discovery of a new family of amphibians from northeast India with ancient links to Africa". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 279 (1737): 2396–2401. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0150. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3350690. PMID 22357266.
- ^ a b "New amphibian family find for India". BBC News. February 22, 2012.
- ^ Prothom-Alo (2012-10-02). "১৪ কোটি বছর আগের ইতিহাস জানান দেওয়া উভচর". Prothom-Alo. Archived from the original on 2012-10-03. Retrieved 2012-10-02.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ The Associated Press (2011-05-15). "New family of legless amphibians called chikilidae found in India". NY Daily News. Retrieved 2012-02-24.
- ^ "New family of legless amphibians found in India". Boston Globe. February 21, 2012.
- ^ Frost, Darrel R. 2011. Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference. Version 5.5 (31 January 2011)url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/?action=references&id=32465
Wikispecies has information related to Chikilidae.