Gaut: Difference between revisions
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{{lang|non|'''Gaut'''}} is an early Germanic name, from a [[Proto-Germanic]] ''gautaz'', which represents a [[national god]] in the [[origin myth]] of a number of related |
{{lang|non|'''Gaut'''}} is an early Germanic name, from a [[Proto-Germanic]] ''gautaz'', which represents a [[national god]] in the [[origin myth]] of a number of related [[Germanic tribes|Germanic peoples]] of the [[Migration Period]], running about the 5th to 8th centuries AD. when it affected the [[Roman world]].<sup>[[Migration Period#cite note-5|[5]]][[Migration Period#cite note-6|[6]]]</sup> |
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== Etymology == |
== Etymology == |
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Revision as of 20:51, 23 August 2017
Gaut is an early Germanic name, from a Proto-Germanic gautaz, which represents a national god in the origin myth of a number of related Germanic peoples of the Migration Period, running about the 5th to 8th centuries AD. when it affected the Roman world.[5][6]
Etymology
Gautaz derived from the Proto-Germanic geutaną, meaning "to pour" which could allude to watercourses in the land where they were living.
This same root may be connected to the name of the Swedish river Göta älv[1] at the city of Gothenburg. The earliest mention of the Geats was possibly made by Ptolemy in the 100s AD ("doutai" or "goutai") or in the 500s by Jordanes ("gauthigoth") and Prokopios ("gautoi")[2]
Both the migration period Goths and the Scandinavian tribe of the Gutes (the Gotlanders) were called Gotar in West Old Norse, and Gutar in East Norse (for example in the Gutasaga and in runic inscription on the Rökstone).
According to the rules of Indo-European ablaut, the full grade (containing an *e), *gʰewd-, might be replaced with the zero-grade (with the *e disappearing), *gʰud-, or the o-grade (where the *e changes to an *o), *gʰowd-, accounting for the various forms of the name. The use of all three grades suggests that the name derives from an Indo-European stage; otherwise, it would be from a line descending from one grade.[citation needed][dubious – discuss]
Tribal names
It survives in the modern Scandinavian tribal name Gutes (Gutar in Gutnish, in Swedish Gotlänningar), which is what the inhabitants of present-day Swedish island Gotland in the Baltic Sea call themselves. Another modern Scandinavian tribal name, the Geats (in Swedish "Götar"), which is what the original inhabitants of present-day Götaland (originally south of Svealand, north of the former Danish regions Scania and Blekinge and east of the former Dano-Norwegian regions Bohuslän and Halland) call themselves, derives from a related Proto-Germanic word, *Gautaz (plural *Gautôz).
The names Geats, Goths and Gutes are closely related tribal names. Geat was originally Proto-Germanic *Gautoz, and Goths and Gutes were *Gutaniz.
Jordanes, in Getica (551), traces the line of the Amali dynasty up to Hulmul, son of Gapt, purportedly the first Gothic hero of record.
The Gutasaga (c. 1300), which treats the history of Gotland before its Christianization, begins with Þjelvar and his son Hafþi, who had three sons, Graipr, Guti and Gunfjaun, the ancestors of the Gotlanders, the Gutes, with originally the same name as the Goths.
The German chronicler Johannes Aventinus (ca. 1525) reported Gothus as one of 20 dukes who accompanied Tuisto into Europe, settling Gothaland as his personal fief, during the reign of Nimrod at Babel. The Swede Johannes Magnus around the same time as Aventinus, wrote that Gothus or Gethar, also known as Gogus or Gog, was one of Magog's sons, who became first king of the Goths (Geats) in Gothaland. Magnus separately listed Gaptus as son and successor of Beric, first king of the Goths south of the Baltic.
Theonym
Gautr is also one of the Eddaic names of Odin in Norse mythology, but also as an alternative form of the name Gauti, who was one of Odin's sons, and the founder of the kingdom of the Geats, Götaland (Gautland/Geatland), in Bósa saga ok Herrauðs (c. 1300). This Gautr/Gauti also appears as the father of the recurrent and undatable Geatish king Gautrekr in that saga, and several other sagas produced between 1225 and 1310.
Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies
Some versions of the English royal line of Wessex add names above that of Woden, purportedly giving Woden's ancestry, but the names are now usually thought be from another royal lineage erroneously added to the standard genealogy.
Some of the genealogies end in Geat, who, it is reasonable to think, might be Gaut, but others continue with Geat's father, Tatwa, and even further. In the Life of Alfred (893), Asser states that the pagans worshipped Geat himself, for a long time, as a god. He quotes a disdainful verse attributed to Coelius Sedulius (5th century).
The 10th-century poem of Deor briefly mentions Geat and his wife, Maethehilde. The account in the Historia Britonum (c. 835; generally attributed to Nennius) says that Geat was considered the son of a god by the heathens of England but elsewhere, it names Gothus, a son of Armenon, as the Goths' ancestor.
See also
References
- Andersson, Thorsten. (1996) "Göter, goter, gutar" in Journal Namn och Bygd, Uppsala.