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==Political figures referred to as strongmen==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Country
! Leader
|-
| {{flag|Afghanistan|1974}} || [[Mohammed Daoud Khan]]<ref>[http://www.afghanland.com/history/biography/daoud.html Afghanland.com Afghanistan Mohammad Daud Khan]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Afghanistan|1978}} || [[Nur Muhammad Taraki]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=QzDMzTWRnFIC&pg=PA284&lpg=PA284&dq=Nur+Muhammad+Taraki+strongman&source=bl&ots=HoBnihYvM3&sig=Xnuc-Z4ClP3nT3ICAa94wumRNII&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjoxe6ehejOAhUGX5QKHb-2B40Q6AEIHzAD#v=onepage&q=Nur%20Muhammad%20Taraki%20strongman&f=false Iran: From Religious Dispute to Revolution]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Afghanistan|1978a}} || [[Hafizullah Amin]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Organizations at War in Afghanistan and Beyond | last = Sinno | first = Abdulkader H. | year = 2008 | publisher = Cornell University Press
| pages = [https://books.google.com/books?id=xkMMJazo5hQC&pg=PA108 108] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xkMMJazo5hQC | isbn = 0-8014-4618-X}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Afghanistan|1980}} || [[Babrak Karmal]]<ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,923866,00.html World: Moscow's New Stand-in]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Afghanistan|1987}} || [[Mohammad Najibullah]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=4IlWEaG1luQC&pg=PA95&lpg=PA95&dq=Mohammad+Najibullah+strongman&source=bl&ots=XVj2AcnH04&sig=9IRY8vAAP6Ymlha0bvH9d4eDNP8&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjq5K39h-jOAhVGFZQKHa4zAnoQ6AEIIDAD#v=onepage&q=Mohammad%20Najibullah%20strongman&f=false The United States and South Asia: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Asia ]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Afghanistan|Taliban}} || [[Mohammed Omar]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=GlM7e_1dCjoC&pg=PA260&lpg=PA260&dq=Mohammed+Omar+Taliban+strongman&source=bl&ots=aLnR9mD8T3&sig=Ca-4DUzrvD7OpeaF7QpnCLs-H-Q&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_pYyShOjOAhWFq5QKHTbABUQQ6AEIJDAE#v=onepage&q=Mohammed%20Omar%20Taliban%20strongman&f=false Foreign Correspondent: Fifty Years of Reporting South Asia]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Afghanistan|1992}} || [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar]]<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19920609&id=F7JUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dJADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6948,3799003&hl=zh-TW Afghanistan's Strongmen . - Google News]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Afghanistan}} || [[Hamid Karzai]]<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=266&dat=20040727&id=6_0rAAAAIBAJ&sjid=P20FAAAAIBAJ&pg=5608,2238715&hl=zh-TW Us Issues Veiled Warning To Afghan Warlords After Karzai Drops Militia ]</ref>
|-
| {{ALB}} || [[Enver Hoxha]]<ref name="upi">{{Cite web | title = Yugoslavia accused Albanian strongman Enver Hoxha Tuesday of trying... - UPI Archives | agency = United Press International | url = http://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/11/17/Yugoslavia-accused-Albanian-strongman-Enver-Hoxha-Tuesday-of-trying/3299374821200/ | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Algeria}} || [[Ahmed Ben Bella]]<ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,875174,00.html Algeria: The Nationalization Craze]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Algeria}} || [[Houari Boumediene]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.ebay.com/itm/1962-Press-Photo-Col-Houari-Boumedienne-Algerias-military-strongman-/351718583368|title=1962 Press Photo Col. Houari Boumedienne, Algeria's military strongman|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Algeria}} || [[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/charlotte-florance/bouteflika-for-nowbut-algeria_b_5155396.html|title=Bouteflika for Now -- But What's Next?|first=Jordan She focuses on entrepreneurship|last=Charlotte Florance Charlotte Florance is a writer and policy advisor based in Amman|date=16 April 2014|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{ANG}} || [[José Eduardo dos Santos]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Dos Santos: Angola's shy strongman | magazine = Africa Review | url = http://www.africareview.com/Special-Reports/-/979182/1130646/-/x74pnpz/-/index.html
| date = 22 March 2011 | accessdate = 1 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{ARG}} || [[Juan Perón]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Admiral Emilio Massera obituary | newspaper = The Guardian | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/nov/10/emilio-massera-obituary | date = 10 November 2010}}</ref>
|-
| {{ARG}} || [[Jorge Rafael Videla]]<ref name="dw">{{Cite web | title = Argentina′s ′dirty war′ dictator dies in prison | last = Koch | first = Marc | publisher = Deutsche Welle | url = http://www.dw.de/argentinas-dirty-war-dictator-dies-in-prison/a-16822640 | date = 18 May 2013 | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{ARG}} || [[Leopoldo Galtieri]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Argentina's former strongman Galtieri dies | publisher = Raidió Teilifís Éireann | url = http://www.rte.ie/news/2003/0112/33971-argentina/ | date = 12 January 2003}}</ref>
|-
| {{ARM}} || [[Garegin Nzhdeh]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=ARMENIA AND KARABAGH |url=http://www.historyoftruth.com/ebook/kitab20110130094307919.pdf |date=1991 |access-date=8 December 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903134742/http://www.historyoftruth.com/ebook/kitab20110130094307919.pdf |archivedate=3 September 2013}}</ref>
|-
| {{ARM}} || [[Vazgen Sargsyan]]<ref>{{Cite news |title = Vazgen Sarkissian |last = Corley |first = Felix |newspaper = [[The Independent]] |url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/vazgen-sarkissian-740258.html |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140616041630/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/vazgen-sarkissian-740258.html |date = 29 October 1999 |accessdate = 8 December 2014 |archivedate = 16 June 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{AUS}} || [[John Howard]]<ref>[https://medium.com/@lucywark/john-howard-did-not-slay-the-one-nation-dragon-and-turnbull-should-be-careful-in-following-his-db4db5730b56#.9h81hotyw John Howard did not slay the One Nation dragon, and Turnbull should be careful in following his example], ''medium.com'' (6 September 2016)</ref>
|-
| {{AUT}} || [[Engelbert Dollfuss]]<ref name="google">{{Cite book | title = Remaking Italy in the Twentieth Century | author = Domenico, R.P. | publisher = Rowman & Littlefield Publishers | page = 66 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aU57AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA66 | date = 2002 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9781461666134}}</ref>
|-
| {{AUT}} || [[Kurt Schuschnigg]]<ref name="google2">{{Cite news | title = Times Daily - Google News Archive Search | publisher = Google News | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1842&dat=19361116&id=_wksAAAAIBAJ&sjid=E7oEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5708,4080890&hl=en | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{AZE}} || [[Heydar Aliyev]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Dead leader still influences Azeris | last = Antelava | first = Natalia | publisher = BBC News | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4372996.stm | date = 1 November 2005}}</ref>
|-
| {{AZE}} || [[Ilham Aliyev]]<ref name="voanews">{{Cite web | title = Azerbaijan&#39;s Aliyev Set to Cement Power in Widely Boycotted Vote | publisher = Voice of America | url = http://www.voanews.com/content/voting-begins-in-azerbaijan/3031740.html | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{BAN}} || [[Ziaur Rahman]]<ref name="globalsecurity">{{Cite web | title = Ziaur Rahman, 1975-81 | author = John Pike | publisher = globalsecurity.org | url = http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/bangladesh/pres-zia.htm | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{BAN}} || [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]]<ref>[http://defence.pk/threads/was-hussain-muhammad-ershad-the-greatest-head-of-state-bangladesh-ever-had.338569/ Was Hussain Muhammad Ershad the greatest Head of State Bangladesh ever had?]</ref>
|-
| {{BLR}} || [[Alexander Lukashenko]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = Scared By Ukraine War, Belarus Strongman Lukashenko Mulls Ditching Russia | author = Christopher Harress | website = International Business Times | url = http://www.ibtimes.com/scared-ukraine-war-belarus-strongman-lukashenko-mulls-ditching-russia-1801070 | date = 31 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Benin}} || [[Mathieu Kérékou]]<ref>[http://www.irishtimes.com/news/comeback-for-strongman-1.35517 Comeback for strongman]</ref>
|-
| {{BOL}} || [[Hugo Banzer]]<ref name="Paz Wins Presidency in Bolivia">{{Cite news | title = Paz Wins Presidency in Bolivia | newspaper = Los Angeles Times | url = http://articles.latimes.com/1985-08-05/news/mn-3460_1_popular-vote | date = 5 August 1985}}</ref>
|-
| {{BOL}} || [[Evo Morales]]<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=16ghAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63&dq=evo+morales+strongman&source=bl&ots=oq2J2iq-gn&sig=47Vro6cWNIqiym6kBzLxClLol_w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjazPmJs7LOAhVCJcAKHZpaCR44ChDoAQhAMAc#v=onepage&q=evo%20morales%20strongman&f=false The Rise of Ethnic Politics in Latin America]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} || [[Alija Izetbegović]]<ref>[http://www.worldbulletin.net/news/178851/alija-izetbegovic-the-soul-of-the-bosnian-resistance Alija Izetbegovic, the soul of the Bosnian resistance], ''worldbulletin.net'' (19 October 2016)</ref>
|-
| {{BRA}} || [[Getúlio Vargas]]<ref name="google3">{{Cite book | title = Rivers of the World: A Social, Geographical, and Environmental Sourcebook | author = Penn, J.R. | publisher = ABC-CLIO | page = 9 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=koacGt0fhUoC&pg=PA9 | date = 2001 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9781576070420}}</ref>
|-
| {{BRA}} || [[Eduardo Cunha]]<ref>[http://www.coha.org/former-right-wing-brazilian-strongman-eduardo-cunha-seeks-revenge/ Former Right-Wing Brazilian Strongman Eduardo Cunha Seeks Revenge], ''www.coha.org'' (23 September 2016)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Bulgaria|1946}} || [[Georgi Dimitrov]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = The Walls Behind the Curtain: East European Prison Literature, 1945-1990 | last = Segel | first = Harold B. | year = 2012 | publisher = University of Pittsburgh Press | page = [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WJ8rN0qlOa0C&pg=PA78&lpg=PA78&dq=Georgi+Dimitrov+strongman&source=bl&ots=2FgnqswBr9&sig=JjUaZ_l6IIjPsohWLl_Hh-8JjQg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjG-KPlvuHOAhWpCcAKHXw4CWcQ6AEIRzAI#v=onepage&q=Georgi%20Dimitrov%20strong%20man&f=false 78] | url = https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WJ8rN0qlOa0C&dq=Georgi+Dimitrov+strongman&source=gbs_navlinks_s | isbn = 0822978024}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Bulgaria|1971}} || [[Todor Zhivkov]]<ref name="nwsource">{{Cite news | title = Bulgarian Strongman Todor Zhivkov Dies | newspaper = The Seattle Times | url = http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19980806&slug=2765014 | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Bulgaria}} || [[Boyko Borisov]]<ref>[http://www.standartnews.com/english/read/afp_deflated_bulgarian_strongman_vows_to_form_government-5636.html Deflated Bulgarian Strongman vows to form government], ''www.standartnews.com'' (6 October 2014)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Burkina Faso}} || |[[Blaise Compaoré]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/world-affairs/2014/11/exiled-strongman-tricky-legacy-blaise-compaor|title=Exiled strongman: The tricky legacy of Blaise Compaoré|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Burma|1974}} || |[[Ne Win]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=General Ne Win |newspaper=The Guardian |department=Obituaries |url = https://www.theguardian.com/news/2002/dec/06/guardianobituaries |date = 6 December 2002}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Burma|1974}} || |[[Saw Maung]]<ref>[http://www.gettyimages.ae/detail/news-photo/portrait-of-burmese-military-strongman-general-saw-maung-news-photo/142740956 Portrait of Burmese military strongman General Saw Maung]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Burma|1974}} || [[Than Shwe]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = A History of South East Asia | last = Cotterell | first = Arthur | year = 2014 | publisher = Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ml2ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA304 304] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Ml2ABAAAQBAJ | isbn = 978-981-4634-70-0}}</ref>
|-
| {{BDI}} || |[[Michel Micombero]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C|title=Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition [6 volumes]: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices|first1=J. Gordon|last1=Melton|first2=Martin|last2=Baumann|date=21 September 2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|via=Google Books}}</ref>
|-
| {{BDI}} || |[[Jean-Baptiste Bagaza]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/19/world/despite-strongman-s-vow-burundi-strife-grows.html|title=Despite Strongman's Vow, Burundi Strife Grows|date=19 September 1996|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
|-
| {{BDI}} || |[[Pierre Buyoya]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Despite Strongman's Vow, Burundi Strife Grows | last = McKinley Jr | first = James C. | newspaper = The New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/19/world/despite-strongman-s-vow-burundi-strife-grows.html | date = 19 September 1996 | accessdate = 23 June 2013}}</ref>
|-
| {{BDI}} || |[[Pierre Nkurunziza]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelondoneveningpost.com/eu-set-to-invite-burundi-for-peace-talks-in-brussels/|title=EU set to invite Burundi for peace talks in Brussels - The London Evening Post|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Cambodia|1970}} || [[Lon Nol]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=rgGA91skoP4C&pg=PA243&lpg=PA243&dq=lon+nol+strongman&source=bl&ots=S9mczR-OzA&sig=_VKrYyY2ikuKJ37K2OAWjfR2SOU&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjrmZzHxs3OAhULnZQKHbHoDykQ6AEITDAN#v=onepage&q=lon%20nol%20strongman&f=false Dictionary of Genocide]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Cambodia|1975}} || [[Pol Pot]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Pol Pot | newspaper = Los Angeles Times | url = http://articles.latimes.com/keyword/pol-pot | date = 30 October 1997}}</ref>
|-
| {{KHM}} || [[Hun Sen]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Cambodia strongman gives election pledge |publisher=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/85445.stm |date=29 April 1998 |accessdate=20 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{CMR}} || [[Ahmadou Ahidjo]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&pg=PA484&lpg=PA484&dq=Ahmadou+Ahidjo+strongman&source=bl&ots=ZkaVBsh4-u&sig=zWTbTYBByV9RJwXaklM2EFFQnHw&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjAuLrKi83OAhUEGJQKHbsWCJEQ6AEITDAN#v=onepage&q=Ahmadou%20Ahidjo%20strongman&f=false Ahmadou Ahidjo strongman]</ref>
|-
| {{CMR}} || [[Paul Biya]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Cameroon's longtime strongman seeks another term | last = Tumanjong | first = Emmanuel | newspaper = The Huffington Post | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20111008/af-cameroon-election/ | date = 8 October 2011 | accessdate = 1 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Canada|1868}} [[Canada]] || [[John A. Macdonald]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = John A. Macdonald: Canada's First Prime Minister | author = Ged Martin | pages = [https://books.google.ca/books?id=ADU7fl93l98C&pg=PT57&lpg=PT57&dq=john+a+macdonald+prime+minister+strongman&source=bl&ots=2wfPYw1sx4&sig=BSp_fBJHlSXZO-3ZChwtj2sH1V8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_9r-qno_TAhUY6WMKHdNfB9MQ6AEIFjAF#v=onepage&q=john%20a%20macdonald%20prime%20minister%20strongman&f=false 57] | url = https://books.google.ca/books? | date = 2013 | isbn = }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Canada|1868}} [[Canada]] || [[Robert Borden]]<ref>[http://www.nationalpost.com/m/wp/full-comment/blog.html?b=news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/mike-duffy-robert-borden-canadas-forgotten-giant Mike Duffy: Robert Borden, Canada’s forgotten giant], ''National Post'' (21 September 2011)</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Canada|1921}} [[Canada]] || [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = William Lyon Mackenzie King: Dreams and Shadows | author = lian goodall | pages = [https://books.google.ca/books?id=I4hv1dHqBF8C&pg=PA67&lpg=PA67&dq=William+Lyon+Mackenzie+King+strongman&source=bl&ots=omGty6mU3G&sig=PTnCJo0096wYM80s3ClYL6UArpk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjh9quDl4_TAhUG8mMKHZNMBW8Q6AEIRzAP#v=onepage&q=William%20Lyon%20Mackenzie%20King%20strongman&f=false 67] | url = https://books.google.ca/books? | date = 2003 | isbn = }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Canada|1921}} [[Canada]] || [[R. B. Bennett]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = In Search of R.B. Bennett | author = P.B. Waite | pages = [https://books.google.ca/books?id=ZYgpgXqdFqwC&pg=PA170&lpg=PA170&dq=r.+b.+bennett+strongman&source=bl&ots=e_XVKlatPs&sig=cKJMVbK6vM-DmtWJfBtsvt7Cgwc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjO4tuFk4_TAhVQ-GMKHZHHAnwQ6AEIGjAD#v=onepage&q=r.%20b.%20bennett%20strongman&f=false 170] | url = https://books.google.ca/books? | date = 2012 | isbn = }}</ref>
|-
| {{CAN}} || [[Pierre Trudeau]]<ref name="trudeau">{{Cite book | title = Trudeau's Shadow: The Life and Legacy of Pierre Elliott Trudeau | author = Andrew Cohen, J.L. Granatstein | pages = [https://books.google.co.il/books?id=xNHmbY-BGkYC&pg=PT404&lpg=PT404&dq=pierre+trudeau+strongman&source=bl&ots=ZVBqW5K_ry&sig=uBv7ilBB3XmPz2R6gNnCDSEVguM&hl=iw&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjctfvju7nRAhUH8RQKHa-5CBU4ChDoAQgsMAc#v=onepage&q=pierre%20trudeau%20strongman&f=false 40] | url = https://books.google.co.il/books? | date = 2011 | access-date = 11 January 2017 | isbn = }}</ref>
|-
| {{CAN}} || [[Brian Mulroney]]<ref>[http://cnews.canoe.com/CNEWS/Canada/2007/09/25/4524651-sun.html Mulroney jokingly calls himself 'former dictator'], ''cnews.canoe.com'' (25 September 2007)</ref>
|-
| {{CAN}} || [[Jean Chrétien]]<ref>[http://rabble.ca/blogs/bloggers/james-laxer/2009/12/canadas-lost-decade Canada's lost decade], ''rabble.ca'' (28 December 2009)</ref>
|-
| {{CAN}} || [[Stephen Harper]]<ref>[http://www.straight.com/news/stephen-harpers-political-tactics-are-nothing-new Stephen Harper's political tactics are nothing new], ''www.straight.com'' (13 June 2012)</ref>
|-
| {{CAF}} || [[Jean-Bedel Bokassa]]<ref name="capitalfm.co.ke">{{Cite web | title = C.Africa strongman vows to hand over in 3years - Capital News | publisher = capitalfm.co.ke | url = http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2013/03/c-africa-strongman-vows-to-hand-over-in-3years/ | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{CAF}} || [[Francois Bozize]]<ref name="deseretnews">{{Cite news | title = Central African Republic strongman faces vote | author = Todd Pitman | newspaper = Deseret News | url = http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700103005/Central-African-Republic-strongman-faces-vote.html | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{CAF}} || [[Michel Djotodia]]<ref name="capitalfm.co.ke" />
|-
| {{TCD}} || [[Hissène Habré]]<ref name="france24">{{Cite web | title = Africa's trial: Former Chadian strongman Hissène Habré in the dock (part 1) | publisher = France 24 | url = http://www.france24.com/en/2015-07-20-the-debate-africas-trial-former-chadian-strongman-hissene-habre-in-the-dock-part-one | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{TCD}} || [[Idriss Deby]]<ref>[http://www.breitbart.com/news/chad-votes-as-strongman-deby-seeks-fifth-term-in-office/ chad-votes-as-strongman-deby-seeks-fifth-term-in-office]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Chechnya}} || [[Ramzan Kadyrov]]<ref>{{Cite news |title = Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov welcomes Gerard Depardieu and Elizabeth Hurley to Grozny |last = Parfitt |first = Tom |newspaper = The Telegraph |location = London |url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10071866/Chechen-leader-Ramzan-Kadyrov-welcomes-Gerard-Depardieu-and-Elizabeth-Hurley-to-Grozny.html |date = 21 May 2013 |accessdate = 22 June 2013}}</ref>
|-
| {{CHI}} || [[Augusto Pinochet]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = People's Daily Online – Pinochet, long-time strongman in Chile, dies at 91 | newspaper = People's Daily | url = http://english.people.com.cn/200612/12/eng20061212_331372.html | accessdate = 20 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|China|1889}} || [[Yuan Shikai]]<ref>[http://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/yuan-shikai/ Yuan Shikai] ''Alpha History'' (2015)</ref>
|-
| {{PRC}} || [[Mao Zedong]]<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-politics-idUSKCN12R1CK China's Xi anointed 'core' leader, on par with Mao, Deng]</ref>
|-
| {{PRC}} || [[Deng Xiaoping]]<ref>[http://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/01/12/Chinese-strongman-Deng-Xiaoping-ignored-the-nations-protracted-power/6539348123600/ Chinese strongman Deng Xiaoping ignored the nation's protracted power...]</ref>
|-
| {{PRC}} || [[Jiang Zemin]]<ref>[http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=4410&t=1 Vajpayee meets Chinese strongman Jiang Zemin, progress on Tibet
]</ref>
|-
| {{PRC}} || [[Xi Jinping]]<ref name="japantimes">{{Cite news | title = China's new strongman Xi has a dream | newspaper = The Japan Times | url = http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2014/10/11/commentary/world-commentary/chinas-new-strongman-xi-dream/#.Vg-prEb8eSo | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{ROC}} || [[Chiang Kai-shek]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = Taiwan tosses Chiang Kai-shek statues to shed authoritarian past | magazine = The Christian Science Monitor | url = http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0403/p07s02-woap.html
| accessdate = 16 December 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{ROC}} || [[Chiang Ching-kuo]]<ref name="google4">{{Cite book | title = Policing in Taiwan: From Authoritarianism to Democracy | author1 = Cao, L. | author2 = Huang, L. | author3 = Sun, I.Y. | publisher = Taylor & Francis
| page = 20 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hg-LAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20 | date = 2014 | accessdate = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9781135916497}}</ref>
|-
| {{COL}} || [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]]<ref name="google5">{{Cite news | title = Gen. Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, former leader of Colombia | publisher = Google News | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19750118&id=l2BSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fnkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6220,1796058&hl=en | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{COG}} || [[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = As Zimbabwe Goes... | magazine = The Nation | url = http://www.thenation.com/article/zimbabwe-goes | date = 8 April 2002 | accessdate = 22 June 2013}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} || [[Laurent-Désiré Kabila]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mondediplo.com/2000/09/05congo|title=Practical work in the Congo|date=1 September 2000|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} || [[Joseph Kabila]]<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2715670/Obama-Kerry-welcome-Congolese-strongman-Africa-summit-rules-rape-capital-world-ran-child-army-1990s-genocide.html Obama welcomes Congo strongman to Africa summit who led 'child army'] ''Dailymail.co.uk'' (4 August 2014)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Independent State of Croatia|name=Croatia}} || [[Ante Pavelić]]<ref name="google6">{{Cite book | title = The Balkans in World History | author = Wachtel, A.B. | publisher = Oxford University Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=t6CeBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT105 | date = 2008 | accessdate = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9780199882731}}</ref>
|-
| {{HRV}} || [[Franjo Tudjman]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Croat Strongman Nears Death |last=Jelacic |first=Nerma |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/14/nermajelacic.theobserver |date = 14 November 1999 |accessdate = 6 May 2013}}</ref>
|-
| {{CUB}} || [[Gerardo Machado]]<ref name="google7">{{Cite book | title = A Brief History of the Caribbean | author1 = Figueredo, D.H. | author2 = Argote-Freyre, F. | publisher = Facts On File, Incorporated | page = 139
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RsNPdvRtT7oC&pg=PA139 | date = 2008 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9781438108315}}</ref>
|-
| {{CUB}} || [[Fulgencio Batista]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = U.S. GETS A LOOK AT FULGENCIO BATISTA, STRONG MAN OF CUBA | magazine = [[Life (magazine)|Life magazine]] | publisher = [[Time Inc]] | issue = 21 | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=Zk0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA20 20] | volume = 5 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Zk0EAAAAMBAJ | date = 21 November 1938 | issn = 0024-3019}}</ref>
|-
| {{CUB}} || |[[Fidel Castro]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Castro: Clinton-Obama ticket 'invincible' |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/08/28/castro.clinton.obama/ |date=28 August 2007 |accessdate=20 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{CUB}} || [[Raúl Castro]]<ref name="algemeiner">{{Cite web | title = Obama Meets With Cuban Strongman Raul Castro, Launches New Era of US-Cuba Ties | publisher = algemeiner.com | url = http://www.algemeiner.com/2015/04/11/obama-meets-with-cuban-strongman-raul-castro-launches-new-era-of-us-cuba-ties/ | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{CSK}} || [[Klement Gottwald]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Communist Becomes New Strong Man In Czechoslovakia | publisher = Google News | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19471106&id=WopaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=604DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4647,3501358&hl=en | accessdate = 19 June 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{CSK}} || [[Antonín Novotný]]<ref name="google8">{{Cite news | title = The Montreal Gazette - Google News Archive Search | publisher = Google News | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19680605&id=rvwtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0J8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=921,1126725&hl=en | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{CSK}} || [[Gustáv Husák]]<ref name="google9">{{Cite news | title = Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - Google News Archive Search | publisher = Google News | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19891116&id=v5YxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pm4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=2974,62280&hl=en | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Czech Republic}} || [[Vaclav Klaus]]<ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/1622992 A new Czech president: Prickly Vaclav Klaus], ''The Economist'' (6 March 2003)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Czech Republic}} || [[Miloš Zeman]]<ref>[http://libertyunyielding.com/2016/10/17/nostalgia-for-a-strongman/ Nostalgia for a strongman], ''libertyunyielding.com'' (17 October 2016)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Czech Republic}} || [[Andrej Babis]]<ref>http://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=845126868&Country=Czech%20Republic&topic=Politics</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Denmark}} || [[Jens Christian Christensen]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = A Short History of Denmark in the 20th Century | year = 2014 | author = Bo Lidegaard | page = [https://books.google.ca/books?id=g_ClAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT62&lpg=PT62&dq=j+c+christensen+strongman&source=bl&ots=UmxH_g_4tQ&sig=5GCH2gppU8wlAmxQ5bgU-_HOtjo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjku9naq_XSAhVU_GMKHYM9C-cQ6AEIDjAC#v=onepage&q=j%20c%20christensen%20strongman&f=false 62] | url = https://books.google.ca/books?id=g_ClAwAAQBAJ | isbn = }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Djibouti}} || [[Hassan Gouled Aptidon]]<ref>[https://www.africaintelligence.com/article/ArticleAjax.aspx?doc_i_id=43219&service=ART FRUD MISADVENTURES - DJIBOUTI - The Indian Ocean Newsletter 10/05/1997]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Djibouti}} || [[Ismaïl Omar Guelleh]]<ref>[http://africanarguments.org/2015/09/28/djiboutis-strongman-president-faces-strongest-cross-examination-of-his-career/ Djibouti’s strongman president faces strongest cross-examination of his career]</ref>
|-
| {{DOM}} || [[Rafael Trujillo]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Strongman's Whimsy | magazine = Time | url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,820859,00.html | date = 19 January 1953}}</ref>
|-
| {{DOM}} || [[Joaquín Balaguer]]<ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/1259119 Joaquin Balaguer Ricardo, poet and strongman, died on July 14th, aged 95], ''The Economist'' (1 August 2002)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|East Timor}} || [[Taur Matan Ruak]]<ref>[http://m.asianews.it/index.php?art=24516&l=en Independence "hero" Ruak, new president of East Timor], ''www.asianews.it'' (17 April 2012)</ref>
|-
| {{ECU}} || [[Eloy Alfaro]]<ref>[https://librivox.org/garcia-moreno-by-augustine-berthe/ Garcia Moreno, President of Ecuador 1821 – 1875] ''librivox.org'' (6 December 2012)</ref>
|-
| {{ECU}} || [[Leónidas Plaza]]<ref>[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ecuador_(1895%E2%80%931925) History of Ecuador (1895–1925)] ''en.m.wikipedia.org''</ref>
|-
| {{ECU}} || |[[José María Velasco Ibarra]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=-1hQflF0oyEC&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26&dq=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa+Velasco+Ibarra+strongman&source=bl&ots=wFd7awOxMy&sig=pR8jzDxWhQHbfFGuJLlqX334NaQ&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiIqrSDm83OAhXDnZQKHVRiA0UQ6AEIUDAP#v=onepage&q=Jos%C3%A9%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Velasco%20Ibarra%20strongman&f=false Military Government and the Movement Toward Democracy in South America]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kingdom of Egypt}} || [[Mahmoud El Nokrashy Pasha]]<ref>[http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/43482350 NEW PREMIER IN EGYPT] ''Trove'' (27 February 1945)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Egypt|1958}} || [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]<ref name="content.time.com">{{Cite news | title = EGYPT: The Big Lie | magazine = Time | url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,868023,00.html | date = 18 November 1957}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Egypt|1972}} || [[Anwar Sadat]]<ref name="questia">{{Cite web | title = List of books and articles about Anwar Sadat | publisher = questia.com | url = https://www.questia.com/library/history/african-history/african-countries/egypt/anwar-sadat | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{EGY}} || [[Hosni Mubarak]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Middle East after Hosni Mubarak: impact of a revolution | last = Hardy | first = Roger | publisher = BBC | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12437147
| date = 11 February 2011 | accessdate = 20 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{EGY}} || [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]<ref name="theweek">{{Cite web | title = Gen. Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi: Egypt's new strongman | publisher = theweek.com | url = http://theweek.com/articles/460546/gen-abdelfattah-elsissi-egypts-new-strongman | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|El Salvador}} || [[Maximiliano Hernández Martínez]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=YAD9XfxkbogC&pg=PA64&lpg=PA64&dq=Maximiliano+Hern%C3%A1ndez+Mart%C3%ADnez+strongman&source=bl&ots=c0wupBalzr&sig=_V0zhQrhKjj1CIrk4mxIZRgLiew&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-87a8n83OAhULpJQKHWx4CWMQ6AEISDAM#v=onepage&q=Maximiliano%20Hern%C3%A1ndez%20Mart%C3%ADnez%20strongman&f=false Novels of Testimony and Resistance from Central America]</ref>
|-
| {{ENG}} || [[Oliver Cromwell]]<ref name="historyofparliamentonline">{{Cite web | title = Members 1604-1629= History of Parliament Online | url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/research/members/members-1604-1629
| date = 2010 | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{GNQ}} || [[Francisco Macías Nguema]]<ref>[http://mg.co.za/article/2015-01-20-afcon-festivities-belie-equatorial-guineas-tyrannical-history 2015-01-20-afcon-festivities-belie-equatorial-guineas-tyrannical-history]</ref>
|-
| {{GNQ}} || [[Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Equatorial Guinea's strongman lambasts Libya intervention, then attends NTC celebration | magazine = Foreign Policy | url = http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/09/21/equatorial_guineas_strongman_lambasts_libya_intervention_then_attends_ntc_celebrati | date = 21 September 2011 | accessdate = 1 August 2014}}</ref>
|-00
| {{ERI}} || [[Isaias Afewerki]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = wadanka - The bad boy of the Horn of Africa: How Eritrea's strongman uses Kenya as a terror finance hub | work = wadanka.com | url = http://wadanka.com/English-News/6313.html}}</ref>
|-
| {{EST}} || [[Konstantin Päts]]<ref name="handbook Eastern Europe">{{Cite book | title = The handbook of political change in Eastern Europe | author = Aarebrot, F.H. | publisher = Edward Elgar Publishing Limited | page = 26
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2EmC92rp4joC&pg=PA26 | date = 2014 | accessdate = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9781781954294}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flag|Ethiopia|1987}} || [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]]<ref name="sahistory">{{Cite web | title = Ethiopia's military strongman Mengistu Haile Mariam steps down and flies to exile in Zimbabwe after fourteen years of brutal rule
| publisher = South African History Online | url = http://sahistory.co.za/dated-event/ethiopias-military-strongman-mengistu-haile-mariam-steps-down-and-flies-exile-zimbabwe-a | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Ethiopia||name=Ethiopia}} || [[Meles Zenawi]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Ethiopians mourn strongman ruler Meles, dead at 57 | agency = Reuters | url = http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSBRE87K04K20120821?irpc=932
| date = 21 August 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Fiji}} || [[Frank Bainimarama]]<ref>[http://i.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/opinion/80863449/cocktails-and-kava--how-some-new-york-diplomacy-bought-key-to-fiji-strongmans-table Cocktails and Kava - how some New York diplomacy bought Key to Fiji strongman's table]</ref>
|-
| {{FIN}} || [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Deceptions of World War II | last = Breuer | first = William B. | year = 2002 | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | location = New York | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NONmAAAAMAAJ&q=mannerheim+strongman&dq=mannerheim+strongman&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB-pLszJHKAhWCNz4KHTc7DJYQ6AEIQzAF | isbn = 0-471-09590-7}}</ref>
|-
| {{FIN}} || [[Urho Kekkonen]]<ref name="yle">{{Cite web | title = Retrospective: Short-term govts a regular feature of the 50s and 70s | publisher = yle.fi | url = http://yle.fi/uutiset/retrospective_short-term_govts_a_regular_feature_of_the_50s_and_70s/8438129 | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{FRA}} || [[Maximilien Robespierre]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nYVJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA185&lpg=PA185&dq=maximilien+robespierre+strongman&source=bl&ots=FS-xtgYqOd&sig=TC5VDlClHC8R3LOynwPMGB-t8Ig&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwja4Ly-y53TAhVhB8AKHSd6DTYQ6AEIWDAM#v=onepage&q=maximilien%20robespierre%20strongman&f=false]</ref>
|-
| {{FRA}} || [[Napoleon Bonaparte]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = The Evolution Of Operational Art, 1740–1813: From Frederick The Great To Napoleon | author = Claus Telp | year = 2005 | publisher = Frank Cass | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=bhJoRwdOlycC&pg=PA68 68] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bhJoRwdOlycC | isbn = 978-0-7146-5722-6}}</ref>
|-
| {{FRA}} || [[Georges Clemenceau]]<ref>[https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/DOM19180118.2.25 Papers Past — Dominion — 18 January 1918 — FRANCE'S STRONG MAN]</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of Philippe Pétain, Chief of State of Vichy France.svg}} [[Vichy France]] || [[Philippe Pétain]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Hitler at Home | last = Stratigakos | first = Despina | year = 2015 | publisher = Yale University Press | location = New Haven and London | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=E-pqCgAAQBAJ | isbn = 978-0-300-18381-8}}</ref>
|-
| {{FRA}} || [[Charles de Gaulle]]<ref name="ebscohost">{{Cite web | title = Putin's Strongman Model Is Charles de Gaulle | publisher = connection.ebscohost.com | url = http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/17457967/putins-strongman-model-charles-de-gaulle | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Gabon}} || [[Omar Bongo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2009/jun/20/af-gabon-death-dictator-062009/|title='Gabon weeps' for strongman despite lost riches|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Gabon}} || [[Ali Bongo]]<ref>http://www.enca.com/africa/gabons-strongman-ali-bongo-sworn-in</ref>
|-
| {{GMB}} || [[Dawda Jawara]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=rX7sqS3YR_AC&pg=PA222&lpg=PA222&dq=Dawda+Jawara+strongman&source=bl&ots=Bo6Ml7akiV&sig=JNTqci7UvkvkzQo7t_s_gVWAZkM&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZq9eiqM3OAhWCGZQKHYczB7YQ6AEIUjAO#v=onepage&q=Dawda%20Jawara%20strongman&f=false The Postcolonial State in Africa]</ref>
|-
| {{GMB}} || [[Yahya Jammeh]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Gambia's President Yahya Jammeh orders end of English as official language | newspaper = South China Morning Post | url = http://www.scmp.com/news/world/article/1447268/gambias-president-yahya-jammeh-orders-end-english-official-language | date = 12 March 2014 | accessdate = 1 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Georgia|1990}} || [[Eduard Shevardnadze]]<ref name="ft">{{Cite news | title = Prison abuse videos dominate Georgia poll | newspaper = Financial Times | url = http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/2415d632-068d-11e2-abdb-00144feabdc0.html | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|German Empire}} || [[Otto von Bismarck]]<ref name="archive">{{Cite web | title = Blood and iron; origin of German empire as revealed by character of its founder, Bismarck : Greusel, John Hubert, b. 1868 : Free Download &amp; Streaming : Internet Archive | publisher = archive.org | url = https://archive.org/details/bloodironorigino00greuiala | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|German Empire}} || [[Erich Ludendorff]]<ref name="google11">{{Cite book | title = The Downfall of Money: Germany's Hyperinflation and the Destruction of the Middle Class | author = Taylor, F. | publisher = Bloomsbury
| page = 311 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ltpexqyTARcC&pg=PA311 | date = 2013 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9781408839911}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Nazi Germany}} || [[Adolf Hitler]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Confronting Hitler: German Social Democrats in Defense of the Weimar Republic, 1929–1933 | last = Smaldone | first = William | year = 2010 | publisher = Lexington Books | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=JV5i1Xau5VYC&pg=PA172 172] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JV5i1Xau5VYC | isbn = 978-0-7391-3211-1}}</ref>
|-
| {{DDR}} || [[Walter Ulbricht]]<ref name="google12">{{Cite book | title = Jurek Becker: A Life in Five Worlds | author = Gilman, S.L. | publisher = University of Chicago Press | page = 59 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=p9Dx9MOeZzQC&pg=PA59 | date = 2003 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9780226293936}}</ref>
|-
| {{DDR}} || [[Erich Honecker]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = German Unification: Expectations and Outcomes | last1 = Caldwell | first1 = Peter C. | last2 = Shandley | first2 = Robert R. | year = 2011 | publisher = Palgrave Macmillan | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=YsTGAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA64 64] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YsTGAAAAQBAJ | isbn = 978-0-230-33795-4}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|West Germany}} || [[Konrad Adenauer]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Adenauer Gains Strong Man Role | newspaper = Toledo Blade | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19490913&id=M3kTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FgAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3782,4068515&hl=zh-TW | accessdate = 27 August 2016 | date = 13 September 1949}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Germany}} || [[Helmut Kohl]]<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/26/world/kohl-due-in-us-loses-some-luster.html Chancellor Helmut Kohl of Germany, the strongman of Europe]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Ghana|1964}} || [[Kwame Nkrumah]]<ref>[http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=MT19660224.2.11 Nkrumah Out Of Country Ghana Strongman Ousted Bodyguard Fighting Rebels]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Ghana}} || [[Jerry John Rawlings]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVQUunl2Rj8C|title=African Time: Essays on Contemporary Politics and Governance|first=Lord|last=Mawuko-Yevugah|date=1 June 2013|publisher=AuthorHouse|via=Google Books}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kingdom of Greece|name=Greece}} || [[Eleftherios Venizelos]]<ref name="time2">{{Cite web | title = GREECE: Land of Invasion | publisher = Time {{subscription required|s}} | url = http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,764941,00.html | access-date = 3 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kingdom of Greece|name=Greece}} || [[Ioannis Metaxas]]<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web | title = Profile: Greece's far-right Golden Dawn party - BBC News | publisher = BBC | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24346993 | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Greece|1970}} || [[Georgios Papadopoulos]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Venom in Verse: Aristophanes in Modern Greece | last = Steen | first = Gonda A.H. Van | year = 2000 | publisher = Princeton University Press
| page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=1tPMj9LpDkgC&pg=PA181 181] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1tPMj9LpDkgC | isbn = 1-4008-2375-7}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Greece|1970}} || [[Dimitrios Ioannidis]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Venom in Verse: Aristophanes in Modern Greece | author = R. Craig Nation (edited by Stephen J.Blank) | year = 1999 | publisher = DIANE Publishing
| page = [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7STtxlE1OKgC&pg=PA295&lpg=PA295&dq=Dimitrios+Ioannidis+strongman&source=bl&ots=Dd7OoBnIQt&sig=RmM8tGOwfx1FWdr8kJW_NlZ9eWo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjqtoCykdnQAhXsKMAKHdW0CjQQ6AEIXDAO#v=onepage&q=Dimitrios%20Ioannidis%20strongman&f=false 295] | url = https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7STtxlE1OKgC&dq=Dimitrios+Ioannidis+strongman&source=gbs_navlinks_s | isbn = 1428912320}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Guatemala}} || [[Jorge Ubico]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=e9Bh7zVVf0EC&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=Jorge+Ubico+strongman&source=bl&ots=JILeu5Bu0Q&sig=vGEMD0NdDxIF7s6eIxYG9uHOKCc&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjGncqboM3OAhUKo5QKHdV8DsUQ6AEIGTAA#v=onepage&q=Jorge%20Ubico%20strongman&f=false On the Trail of the Maya Explorer]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Guatemala}} || [[Manuel Estrada Cabrera]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=DV7TCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA122&lpg=PA122&dq=Manuel+Estrada+Cabrera+strongman&source=bl&ots=aXYeVSJkWX&sig=FuGc_Q3tCDGaIwqnMk7Wl5WeIpw&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiqoM_h-KLPAhXJrJQKHTwhAdwQ6AEISTAN#v=onepage&q=Manuel%20Estrada%20Cabrera%20strongman&f=false The Intelligence War in Latin America, 1914-1922]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Guatemala}} || [[Efraín Ríos Montt]]<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/world/ex-guatemala-strongman-s-genocide-trial-begins-after-30-years-1.1323722 Ex-Guatemala strongman's genocide trial begins after 30 years Efrain Rios Montt accused of genocide, crimes against humanity]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Guinea}} || [[Ahmed Sékou Touré]]<ref>[http://mobile.quantaco.com/?page_id=2#2842 ]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Guinea}} || [[Lansana Conté]]<ref>[http://m.thenational.ae/news/world/africa/a-bad-sequel-plays-out-in-guinea A bad sequel plays out in Guinea]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Guinea}} || [[Moussa Dadis Camara]]<ref>[http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/guinean-general-sekouba-konate-interim-leader-after-guineas-news-photo/94472914 Moussa Dadis Camara | Getty Images]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} || [[João Bernardo Vieira]]<ref>[https://agoa.info/news/article/3681-guinea-bissau-cashew-nuts-new-hope-for-exports.html Guinea Bissau: Cashew nuts a new hope for exports?]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} || [[Ansumane Mané]]<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/news/2000/11/24/former-military-strongman-surrenders Former military strongman surrenders]</ref>
|-
| {{GUY}} || [[Forbes Burnham]]<ref name="Danns1982">{{Cite book | title = Domination and Power in Guyana: A Study of the Police in a Third World Context | author = George K. Danns | publisher = Transaction Publishers
| pages = 141 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DTbgEn76m7sC&pg=PA141 | date = 1 January 1982 | isbn = 978-1-4128-2190-2}}</ref>
|-
| {{HAI}} || [[Vilbrun Guillaume Sam]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = "We Return Fighting": The Civil Rights Movement in the Jazz Age | author = Mark Robert Schneider | pages = [https://books.google.ca/books?id=jZOGZpiBfWsC&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=woodrow+wilson+strongman&source=bl&ots=fKvUk8L-Sl&sig=4ywPYkCy7MD3YD3wBlzSv6Clkas&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjS-Y3Hv7vTAhUK4mMKHdXAA7k4ChDoAQg6MA4#v=onepage&q=woodrow%20wilson%20strongman&f=false 79] | url = https://books.google.ca/books? | date = 2002 | isbn = }}</ref>
|-
| {{HAI}} || [[Paul Magloire]]<ref name="google13">{{Cite book | title = Haiti: State Against Nation | author = Trouillot, M.R. | publisher = Monthly Review Press | page = 135 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xd1WCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA135 | date = 1990 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9780853457565}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Haiti|1964}} || [[Francois Duvalier]]<ref name="google14">{{Cite book | title = The Making and the Destruction of Haiti | author = Senauth, F. | publisher = AuthorHouse | page = 32 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mmgQSVa2G_kC&pg=PA32 | date = 2011 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9781456753832}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Haiti|1964}} || [[Jean-Claude Duvalier]]<ref name="latimes">{{Cite news | title = COLUMN ONE : The Sorry Exile of Baby Doc : Haiti's previous dictator, Jean-Claude Duvalier, fled to France in 1986, supposedly with $120 million. Now he lives in near-poverty--a cautionary figure for his nation's military leaders. | newspaper = Los Angeles Times | url = http://articles.latimes.com/1994-09-21/news/mn-41217_1_jean-claude-duvalier
| accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{HND}} || |[[Tiburcio Carías Andino]]<ref>{{Cite book |title = Honduras Country Study Guide |year = 2003 |publisher = International Business Publications |page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=0rUtJpRJa4gC&pg=PA58 58] |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0rUtJpRJa4gC |isbn = 978-0-7397-9525-5}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kingdom of Hungary|name=Hungary}} || [[Miklós Horthy]]<ref name="google15">{{Cite book | title = World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection | author = Tucker, S.C. | publisher = ABC-CLIO
| page = 863 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DBwTBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA863 | date = 2014 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9781851099658}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kingdom of Hungary|name=Hungary}} || [[Ferenc Szálasi]]<ref name="handbook Eastern Europe" />
|-
| {{flag|Hungary|1949}} || [[Mátyás Rákosi]]<ref name="google16">{{Cite news | title = The Milwaukee Journal - Google News Archive Search | publisher = Google News | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19470702&id=Wh0aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IiUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4515,555356&hl=en | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{HUN}} || [[János Kádár]]<ref name="theguardian">{{Cite news | title = Fall of the wall | newspaper = The Guardian | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/oct/08/berlinwall.germany | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{HUN}} || [[Viktor Orbán]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Power Hungary: Viktor Orban, Europe's New Strongman - Bloomberg Business | author = Stephan Faris | publisher = Bloomberg L.P. | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-22/power-hungary-viktor-orban-europe-s-new-strongman | date = 22 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Iceland}} || [[Davíð Oddsson]]<ref>[http://grapevine.is/mag/articles/2010/05/27/terrified-politicians/ Terrified Politicians - The Reykjavik Grapevine], ''grapevine.is'' (27 May 2010)</ref>
|-
| {{IND}} || [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]<ref name="books.google.com.tw">[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=19mPVOBZ_9YC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=Jawaharlal+Nehru+strongman&source=bl&ots=CxzXrw9Tu_&sig=ZhWbm5ty8oD3wxKPV5NoxwRUHhs&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVpbvlk83OAhXFi5QKHQ-wAkcQ6AEIZjAU#v=onepage&q=Jawaharlal%20Nehru%20strongman&f=false]</ref>
|-
| {{IND}} || [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]]<ref name="books.google.com.tw"/>
|-
| {{IND}} || [[Indira Gandhi]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India | author = Linda Charlton | newspaper = The New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1119.html | date = 1 November 1984}}</ref>
|-
| {{IND}} || [[Narendra Modi]]<ref name="economist">{{Cite web | title = India's strongman | magazine = The Economist | url = http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21602683-narendra-modis-amazing-victory-gives-india-its-best-chance-ever-prosperity-indias-strongman | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{INA}} || |[[Sukarno]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Life<!-- doesn't correspond with the URL. Looks odd anyway??? --> | last = Inc | first = Time | year = 1965 | publisher = Time | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ww6XgU2dxZ0C&pg=PA76 76] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m0gEAAAAMBAJ | issn = 0024-3019}}</ref>
|-
| {{INA}} || |[[Suharto]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Explaining Collective Violence in Contemporary Indonesia: From Conflict to Cooperation | last = Tadjoeddin | first = Mohammad Zulfan | year = 2014 | publisher = Palgrave Macmillan | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=2xyvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA160 160] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2xyvAwAAQBAJ | isbn = 978-1-137-27064-1}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Iran|1964}} || [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = America and the World: Culture, Commerce, Conflict | author = Lawrence A. Peskin, Edmund F. Wehrle | publisher = JHU Press
| page = [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KTezRgjW5osC&pg=PA236&dq=Mohammad+Reza+Pahlavi+strongman&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZpdX9k9nQAhXhA8AKHWMNApUQ6AEIITAB#v=onepage&q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Pahlavi%20strongman&f=false 236]
| url = https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KTezRgjW5osC&dq=Mohammad+Reza+Pahlavi+strongman&source=gbs_navlinks_s | date = 2011 | access-date = 3 December 2016 | isbn = 9781421402963}}</ref>
|-
| {{IRN}} || [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]<ref> name="google17">{{Cite book | title = The Sources of Iranian Negotiating Behavior | author = Rhode, H. | publisher = Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, Institute for Contemporary Affairs | page = 7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BQ3MroJP_9AC&pg=PA7 | date = 2010 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9789652180896}}</ref>
|-
| {{IRN}} || [[Ali Khamenei]]<ref>http://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-worlds-enduring-dictators-sayyid-ali-khamenei-iran-19-06-2011/</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kingdom of Iraq}} || [[Nuri al-Said]]<ref>[http://aliveinbaghdad.org/2006/04/26/node132/ Nuri Nuri on the wall...], ''aliveinbaghdad.org'' (26 April 2006)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Iraq|1963}} || [[Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr]]<ref>[http://www.jmhinternational.com/book/ Reviews Of Jawad Hashim's Book]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Iraq|1991}} || [[Saddam Hussein]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Saddam Hussein | last = Anderson | first = Dale | year = 2004 | publisher = Twenty-First Century Books | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=7_ntXkOSW6UC&pg=PA44 44] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7_ntXkOSW6UC | isbn = 978-0-8225-5005-1}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Israel}} || [[David Ben-Gurion]]<ref name="google18">{{Cite book | title = A History of Modern Israel | author = Shindler, C. | publisher = Cambridge University Press | page = 22 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oSQgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 | date = 2013 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9781107311213}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Israel}} || [[Yitzhak Rabin]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Udj9AQAAQBAJ|title=From Rabin to Netanyahu: Israel's Troubled Agenda|first=Efraim|last=Karsh|date=5 November 2013|publisher=Routledge|via=Google Books}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Israel}} || [[Ariel Sharon]]<ref name="time">{{Cite web | title = Ariel Sharon: Israel's Soldier and Strongman, 1928-2014 | magazine = Time | url = http://world.time.com/2014/01/11/ariel-sharon-israels-soldier-and-strongman-1928-2014/ | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Israel}} || [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]<ref name="reuters Netanyahu">{{Cite web | title = Netanyahu's strongman image boosts ratings, countering U.S. rift | author = Jeffrey Heller | agency = Reuters | url = http://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-politics-idUSKBN0L71A820150203 | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Israel}} || [[Naftali Bennett]]<ref name="al-monitor">{{Cite web | title = כך הפך נתניהו את בנט לאיש החזק בממשלה | trans-title = Netanyahu's Strongman in New Israeli Government |last=Mualem |first= Mazal
| url = http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/iw/contents/articles/originals/2013/03/bennett-got-the-upper-hand.html |language= Hebrew | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kingdom of Italy|civil|name=Italy}} || [[Francesco Crispi]]<ref name="homolaicus">{{Cite web | title = IL PRIMO GOVERNO CRISPI (1887-1891) | publisher = homolaicus.com | url = http://www.homolaicus.com/storia/moderna/ottocento/1_governo_crispi.htm | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kingdom of Italy|civil|name=Italy}} || [[Giovanni Giolitti]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = La dittatura parlamentare di Giolitti | publisher = Tesi online | url = http://www.tesionline.it/mobile/appuntoPar.jsp?id=739&p=38
| access-date = 16 February 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kingdom of Italy|civil|name=Italy}} || [[Benito Mussolini]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Short Jabs to the Head: Snapshots of History 2005–2007 | last = Fleischman | first = Stephen | year = 2007 | publisher = iUniverse
| page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=vqGYSDMZxisC&pg=PT59 59] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vqGYSDMZxisC | isbn = 978-0-595-46445-6}}</ref>
|-
| {{ITA}} || [[Bettino Craxi]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Ecco le cinque ragioni per cui Bettino Craxi piacque ai missini | newspaper = Il Secolo d'Italia | url = http://www.secoloditalia.it/2015/01/ragioni-per-bettino-craxi-piacque-missini/ | accessdate = 19 January 2015}}</ref>
|-
| {{ITA}} || [[Silvio Berlusconi]]<ref name=berlusconi>{{Cite news | title = Donald Trump is America’s Silvio Berlusconi | newspaper = The Washington Post | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2015/09/21/donald-trump-is-americas-silvio-berlusconi/ | accessdate = 14 August 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Ivory Coast}} || [[Félix Houphouët-Boigny]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YjoVCwAAQBAJ|title=Africa: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society [3 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society|first1=Toyin Falola|last1=Ph.D|first2=Daniel|last2=Jean-Jacques|date=14 December 2015|publisher=ABC-CLIO|via=Google Books}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Ivory Coast}} || [[Laurent Gbagbo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/former-ivory-coast-strongman-laurent-gbagbo-makes-history-at-icc/news-story/c0381605abb1a025346aa4a8d97c1223|title=Former Ivory Coast strongman Laurent Gbagbo makes history at ICC|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{JPN}} || [[Hideki Tojo]]<ref name="google19">{{Cite book| title = The Greatest Blunders of World War II| author = Henderson, H.E.| publisher = AuthorHouse| page = 634| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8-ZmVU_iRcgC&pg=PA634| date = 2001 | access-date = 14 May 2016| isbn = 9780595162673}}</ref>
|-
| {{JPN}} || [[Shigeru Yoshida]]<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19740705&id=Yz9SAAAAIBAJ&sjid=oHkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7236,2575693&hl=zh-TW Traditional Power In Japan Slipping From Hidden Men . - Google News]</ref>
|-
| {{JPN}} || [[Nobusuke Kishi]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=dRX9AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT265&lpg=PT265&dq=Nobusuke+Kishi+strongman&source=bl&ots=TomHOtFk4P&sig=JrpDwadevBLHatTjWolU-WQFKro&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi744vtr__OAhXElJQKHXV8CEAQ6AEIJzAF#v=onepage&q=Nobusuke%20Kishi%20strongman&f=false Year Zero: A History of 1945]</ref>
|-
| {{JPN}} || [[Eisaku Satō]]<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19750602&id=CYohAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YJgFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6511,1501608&hl=zh-TW Sato Dead At .Age .74 .]</ref>
|-
| {{JPN}} || [[Kakuei Tanaka]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=wS5kcRvShg8C&pg=PA223&lpg=PA223&dq=Kakuei+Tanaka+strongman&source=bl&ots=xs3MxUbt3O&sig=jzZfgblOHLHLPnb_K5GzPLn9mC0&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwieoLylsv_OAhVHW5QKHUBoAQUQ6AEIIjAE#v=onepage&q=Kakuei%20Tanaka%20strongman&f=false Japan in the 21st Century: Environment, Economy, and Society]</ref>
|-
| {{JPN}} || [[Shinzō Abe]]<ref>[http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/south-asia/an-era-of-the-strongman-the-daily-star-columnist THE ASIAN VOICE An era of the strongman: The Daily Star columnist]</ref>
|-
| {{KAZ}} || [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = 75th birthday of Kazakhstan strongman raises questions on country's future | agency = Reuters | url = http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/07/04/us-kazakhstan-nazarbayev-idUSKCN0PE07P20150704 | date = 4 July 2015}}</ref>
|-
| {{KEN}} || [[Jomo Kenyatta]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://democracyweb.org/node/59|title=Economic Freedom: Country Studies - Kenya - Democracy Web|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{KEN}} || [[Daniel Arap Moi]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Moi's legacy to Kenya | last = Phombeah | first = Gray | publisher = BBC News | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2161868.stm | date = 5 August 2002 | accessdate = 20 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{KEN}} || [[Uhuru Kenyatta]]<ref>{{Cite web |title = Uhuru Kenyatta: East Africa’s Next Strongman? |url = https://kwezitabaro.wordpress.com/2014/12/03/uhuru-kenyatta-east-africas-next-strongman/ |accessdate = 10 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || [[Askar Akayev]]<ref>[http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2005-04-04/news/0504040010_1_soviet-empire-pope-john-paul-ii-pope-and-reagan Another domino for the pope]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || [[Kurmanbek Bakiyev]]<ref name="arkansasonline">{{Cite web | title = Kyrgyzstan votes in historic national election | publisher = arkansasonline.com | url = http://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2010/oct/10/kyrgyzstan-votes-historic-national-election/?print | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || [[Almazbek Atambayev]]<ref> http://www.newsweek.com/kyrgyz-president-signs-new-constitutions-after-old-one-vanishes-mysteriously-549155</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Laos|1952}} || [[Phoumi Nosavan]]<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1985-11-07/local/me-3152_1_phoumi-nosavan Phoumi Nosavan, Former Laotian Military Leader], ''latimes.com'' (7 November 1985)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Laos}} || [[Kaysone Phomvihan]]<ref>[http://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/columnists/watching-the-world/2016/03/27/the-lowdown-on-laos/ The lowdown on Laos] ''thestar.com.my'' (27 March 2016)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Laos}} || [[Bounnhang Vorachith]]<ref>[http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/asian-club-replete-with-strongmen-welcomes-duterte-harry/ Asian club replete with strongmen welcomes ‘Duterte Harry’], ''businessmirror.com.ph'' (7 September 2016)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Latvia}} || [[Kārlis Ulmanis]]<ref name="ihr">{{Cite web | title = Soviet Russia's Persecution of Latvia, 1918 to the Present | publisher = ihr.org | url = http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v08/v08p-25_Berkis.html | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Lebanon}}|| [[Bachir Gemayel]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=jHtwCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT169&lpg=PT169&dq=Bachir+Gemayel+strongman&source=bl&ots=SrUBD1BglH&sig=nHCUzkiQL389QIRJWbcgpgqpxC4&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie3JnUv_7OAhUINpQKHa2MB3QQ6AEIbDAX#v=onepage&q=Bachir%20Gemayel%20strongman&f=false Israel's Wars: A History Since 1947]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Lebanon}}|| [[Amin Gemayel]]<ref>[http://www.wrmea.org/2001-october/amin-gemayel-says-his-family-s-history-runs-parallel-to-lebanon-s.html Amin Gemayel Says His Family's History 'Runs Parallel To Lebanon's' | WRMEA]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Lebanon}} || [[Hassan Nasrallah]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = Hassan Nasrallah | work = Encyclopædia Britannica | url = http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1247955/Hassan-Nasrallah}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Lesotho}} || [[Justin Lekhanya]]<ref>[http://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/01/26/Lesoto-strongman-is-threat-to-Mandelas-ANC/4526507099600/ Lesoto strongman is threat to Mandela's ANC], ''www.upi.com'' (26 January 1986)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Lesotho}} || [[Pakalitha Mosisili]]<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/199806160110.html Lesotho: LCD Strongmen Goes Up], ''allafrica.com'' (16 June 1998)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Liberia}} || [[William Tubman]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2015-11-29-africas-first-president-for-life-turns-120-the-bequests-of-liberias-william-tubman/#.V1DRsst-XqA|title=Africa's First President for Life Turns 120: The bequests of Liberia's William Tubman - Daily Maverick|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Liberia}} || [[Samuel Doe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.executedtoday.com/2008/09/09/1990-samuel-k-doe-liberia/|title=1990: Samuel K. Doe|date=9 September 2008|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Liberia}} || [[Charles Taylor (Liberian politician)|Charles Taylor]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/us-lifts-sanctions-against-jailed-liberian-strongman-taylor-212709288.html?ref=gs|title=US lifts sanctions against jailed Liberian strongman Taylor|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya|name=Libya}} || [[Muammar Gaddafi]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = The Wall Street Journal Online – Featured Article | publisher = Opinionjournal.com | url = http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110008386 | access-date = 20 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Libya}} || [[Khalifa Haftar]]<ref>{{http://www.dw.com/en/libya-military-strongman-claims-control-of-key-eastern-oil-terminals/a-37933720|Libya military strongman claims control of key eastern oil terminals]</ref>
|-
| {{LIT}} || [[Antanas Smetona]]<ref name="handbook Eastern Europe" />
|-
| {{MKD}} || [[Nikola Gruevski]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://next.ft.com/content/bf7f0ed0-faec-11e4-9aed-00144feab7de|title=Strongman Nikola Gruevski blamed for Macedonia's ills|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Madagascar}} || [[Didier Ratsiraka]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=xQvGCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT283&lpg=PT283&dq=Didier+Ratsiraka+strongman&source=bl&ots=0ouOyvZeYM&sig=Bz72mHVkTadmVZvqC7r6ly-NQXw&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4k_HD-M_OAhVCKpQKHe9SAkAQ6AEIVTAQ#v=onepage&q=Didier%20Ratsiraka%20strongman&f=false The Rough Guide to Madagascar]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Malawi}} || [[Hastings Banda]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Hastings%20Banda|title=Hastings Banda|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Malawi}} || [[Bingu wa Mutharika]]<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/malawi-president-joyce-banda-when-madonna-met-her-match-8570613.html Malawi President Joyce Banda: When Madonna met her match]</ref>
|-
| {{MYS}} || [[Mahathir bin Mohamad]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Malaysia crisis &#124; Profile: Malaysia's strongman Mahathir | publisher = BBC News | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/172813.stm | date = 10 November 1999 | accessdate = 20 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{MYS}} || [[Najib Tun Razak]]<ref>[http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/malaysian-1mdb-scandal-najib-razak-suave-strongman-south-east-asia-1544425 Malaysian 1MDB scandal: Najib Razak the suave strongman of south east Asia] ''ibtimes.co.uk'' (18 February 2016)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Maldives}} || [[Maumoon Abdul Gayoom]]<ref>[http://www.waazon.com/web/search/Maumoon+Abdul+Gayoom Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Web - Search the Now: Waazon]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Mali}} || [[Moussa Traoré]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://africanhistory.about.com/od/mali/a/Bio-Moussa-Traore.htm|title=Moussa Traoré|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Mauritania|1960}} || [[Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya]]<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/news/2003/11/12/ould-taya-wins-election-still-faces-growing-discontent Ould Taya wins election, but still faces growing discontent]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Mauritania|1960}} || [[Ely Ould Mohamed Vall]]<ref>[http://www.gettyimages.com/event/ely-ould-mohamed-vall-dissolves-parliament-but-keeps-the-maaouiya-ould-tay-53324456#nouakchott-mauritania-mauritanias-military-strong-man-ely-ould-vall-picture-id53328771 Mauritania's military strong man Ely Ould Mohamed Vall, now in control of the country poses in the 'Palais de la Republique' during an audience.]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Mauritania}} || [[Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz]]<ref>[http://m.economictimes.com/news/international/world-news/mauritanias-president-mohamed-ould-abdel-aziz-the-strongman-who-took-on-al-qaeda/articleshow/36944529.cms Mauritania's President Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz: The strongman who took on Al-Qaeda]</ref>
|-
| {{MEX}} || [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]]<ref name="google20">{{Cite book | title = Chicano! The History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement | author = Rosales, F.A. | publisher = Arte Publico Press | page = 3
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qvGgsGBFQncC&pg=PA3 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9781611920949}}</ref>
|-
| {{MEX}} || [[Porfirio Díaz]]<ref>[http://www.efe.com/efe/english/life/mexican-strongman-s-descendants-want-to-bring-his-body-home/50000263-2654079 Mexican strongman's descendants want to bring his body home]</ref>
|-
| {{MEX}} || [[Plutarco Elías Calles]]<ref>[http://www.jta.org/1934/08/22/archive/deutsch-talks-with-strong-man-calles Deutsch Talks with ‘strong Man’ Calles]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Moldova}} || [[Vladimir Voronin]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-105386|title=Moldova strongman Voronin resigns|date=11 September 2009|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Mongolia}} || [[Khorloogiin Choibalsan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/centrasia/mong19241945.html|title=WHKMLA : History of Mongolia, 1924-1945|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Mongolia}} || [[Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal]]<ref>[http://natoassociation.ca/the-middlemen-niche-diplomacy-in-asia-mongolia/ The Middlemen: Niche Diplomacy in Asia – Mongolia], ''Natoassociation.ca'' (12 July 2013)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Montenegro}} || [[Milo Đukanović]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/djukanovic-beats-gruevski-as-organized-crime-person-of-the-year-12-31-2015|title=Djukanovic Named 'Criminal of the Year' in Poll :: Balkan Insight|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Morocco}} || [[Driss Basri]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6966030.stm Morocco's strongman dies in Paris], ''news.bbc.co.uk'' (27 August 2007)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Netherlands}} || [[Hendrikus Colijn]]<ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,761837,00.html THE NETHERLANDS: Democratic and Royal], ''TIME'' (14 August 1939)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|New Zealand}} || [[Robert Muldoon]]<ref>[https://m.csmonitor.com/1980/1021/102130.html New Zealand prime minister may be booted out by his own party], ''m.csmonitor.com'' (21 October 1980)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|New Zealand}} || [[John Key]]<ref>[http://boingboing.net/2016/02/26/new-zealands-prime-minister.html New Zealand's Prime Minister: I'll stay in TPP's economic suicide-pact even if the USA pulls out], ''boingboing.net'' (26 Febuary 2016)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Nicaragua}} || [[Anastasio Somoza García]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Daughter of former Nicaraguan strongman dies in Washington |newspaper=The Miami Herald |url=http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/nicaragua/lillian.htm
|date=17 May 2003}}</ref>
|-
| {{NIC}} || [[Anastasio Somoza Debayle]]<ref name="google21">{{Cite book | title = A Bat Man in the Tropics: Chasing El Duende | author = Fleming, T. | publisher = University of California Press | page = 133
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=zQqv0sItURoC&pg=PA133 | date = 2003 | accessdate = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9780520929487}}</ref>
|-
| {{NIC}} || [[Daniel Ortega]]<ref name="upi2">{{Cite web | title = Nicaraguan junta strongman Daniel Ortega announced a massive confiscation... - UPI Archives | agency = United Press International | url = http://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/07/19/Nicaraguan-junta-strongman-Daniel-Ortega-announced-a-massive-confiscation/8181364363200/ | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Niger}} || [[Hamani Diori]]<ref>[https://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/index.php?threads/first-blood-niger.698639/ Helped found the PPN with future Niger strongman and President Hamani Diori]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Niger}} || [[Seyni Kountché]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=GFFjEMjKrWkC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=Seyni+Kountch%C3%A9+strongman&source=bl&ots=1o1TK9_2hA&sig=IFLbS4CNf8odQksdmPFYaH89rG8&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjY6-SVl8_OAhWCopQKHT0tDtcQ6AEISzAN#v=onepage&q=Seyni%20Kountch%C3%A9%20strongman&f=falseHistorical Dictionary of Niger]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Nigeria}} || [[Yakubu Gowon]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.authorityngr.com/2016/04/Gowon--Indiscretions-of-a-leader/|title=Gowon: Indiscretions of a leader|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Nigeria}} || [[Olusegun Obasanjo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gettyimages.com/pictures/former-nigerian-president-olosegun-obasanjo-delivers-a-news-photo-98231661#former-nigerian-president-olosegun-obasanjo-delivers-a-speech-on-the-picture-id98231661|title=Former Nigerian president Olosegun Obasa Pictures - Getty Images|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Nigeria}} || [[Ibrahim Babangida]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201508171590.html|title=Nigeria: Ambassador Cohen's Take on Babangida, Corruption, Oil Money|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Nigeria}} || [[Sani Abacha]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/109265.stm|title=Abacha dies at 54|date=8 June 1998|publisher=|via=bbc.co.uk}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Nigeria}} || [[Muhammadu Buhari]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/thetimes/2015/04/01/strongman-for-nigeria|title='Strongman' for Nigeria|first=Reuters,|last=AFP|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{PRK}} || [[Kim Il-sung]]<ref name="Perret2008">{{Cite book | title = Commander in Chief: How Truman, Johnson, and Bush Turned a Presidential Power into a Threat to America's Future | last = Perret | first = Geoffrey
| year = 2008 | publisher = Farrar, Straus and Giroux | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=LGcbzcVMQ70C&pg=PA130 130] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LGcbzcVMQ70C | isbn = 978-1-4299-2308-8}}</ref>
|-
| {{PRK}} || [[Kim Jong-il]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Is North Korean dictator Kim Jong Il ready to trade away his growing nuclear arsenal, or is he just playing for time? | publisher = US News and World Report
| url = http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/031229/29kim_3.htm | accessdate = 20 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{PRK}} || [[Kim Jong-un]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.ndtv.com/world-news/kim-jong-un-crowned-as-party-leader-at-north-korean-congress-1404427|title=Kim Jong Un Crowned As Party Leader At North Korean Congress|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|North Vietnam}} || [[Ho Chi Minh]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = World War II and the beginning of the Cold War | last1 = Gann | first1 = Lewis H. | last2 = Duignan | first2 = Peter | publisher = Hoover Press | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=KjLoytuvpi4C&pg=PA7 7] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KjLoytuvpi4C | isbn = 978-0-8179-3773-7}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|North Vietnam}} || [[Lê Duẩn]]<ref>[http://www.nuiansongtra.com/index.php?c=article&p=6839 Nui An Song Tra - DỊCH CHUYỂN QUYỀN LỰC TRONG ]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Norway}} || [[Vidkun Quisling]]<ref>[https://ramblingsofahistorynerd.wordpress.com/2015/03/07/the-dictators-vidkun-quisling/ The Dictators: Vidkun Quisling], ''ramblingsofahistorynerd.wordpress.com'' (7 March 2015)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Ottoman Empire}} || [[Enver Pasha|Ismail Enver Pasha]]<ref name="google22">{{Cite book | title = Islam Vs. Islamism: The Dilemma of the Muslim World | author = Demant, P.R. | publisher = Praeger | page = 25
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LQvluwPEBlcC&pg=PA25 | date = 2006 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9780275990787}}</ref>
|-
| {{PAK}} || [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]]<ref name="google23">{{Cite news | title = The Virgin Islands Daily News - Google News Archive Search &#124; Discontent Seen Erupting Against Strongman Ayub
| publisher = Google News | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=757&dat=19660415&id=gjZOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kEYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6491,2847562&hl=en | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{PAK}} || [[Yahya Khan]]<ref name="google24">{{Cite book | title = Comparative Asian Politics: Power, Policy, and Change | author = Wang, J.C.F. | publisher = Prentice Hall | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Ln2JAAAAMAAJ | date = 1994 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9780131554580}}</ref>
|-
| {{PAK}} || [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=_XdeCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT100&lpg=PT100&dq=Zulfikar+Ali+Bhutto+strongman&source=bl&ots=ndBbIu4_uV&sig=9P2dwKfWLzUci-f8lLglw4d72p8&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwimtNbdxM3OAhWGG5QKHfv_DJkQ6AEISzAN#v=onepage&q=Zulfikar%20Ali%20Bhutto%20strongman&f=false]</ref>
|-
| {{PAK}} || [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]]<ref name="google25">{{Cite book | title = Karzai: The Failing American Intervention and the Struggle for Afghanistan | author = Mills, N. | publisher = Wiley | page = 62 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=I5iqO9q2b2UC&pg=PA62 | date = 2007 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9780470134009}}</ref>
|-
| {{PAK}} || [[Pervez Musharraf]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Thabo Mbeki and the Battle for the Soul of the ANC | author = William Mervin Gumede | year = 2007 | publisher = Zebra | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=MXVX3jW0XkIC&pg=PA174 174] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=MXVX3jW0XkIC | isbn = 978-1-77007-099-8}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Palestine}} || [[Yasser Arafat]]<ref name="google26">{{Cite book | title = Building A Virile Nation: ...The Private Sector Perspective | author = Ajagu, A. | publisher = AuthorHouse UK | page = 467 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RKt7hiN8uNgC&pg=PA467 | date = 2013 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9781481780674}}</ref>
|-
| {{PAN}} || [[Omar Torrijos]]<ref name="nytimes">{{Cite news | title = Panama Leader Killed in Crash in Bad Weather | newspaper = The New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/02/obituaries/panama-leader-killed-in-crash-in-bad-weather.html | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{PAN}} || [[Manuel Noriega]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = Manuel Noriega Biography | publisher = Notablebiographies.com | url = http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ni-Pe/Noriega-Manuel.html | accessdate = 20 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} || [[Michael Somare]]<ref name="pngblogs.com">[http://www.pngblogs.com/2015/09/the-germination-and-spread-of.html?m=1 THE GERMINATION AND SPREAD OF CORRUPTION IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA: AN UNFORTUNATE COMBINATION OF THREE PRIME MINISTERS], ''www.pngblogs.com'' (17 September 2015)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} || [[Julius Chan]]<ref name="pngblogs.com"/>
|-
| {{flag|Papua New Guinea}} || [[Peter O'Neill]]<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2013/high-stakes-as-pngs-new-strongman-bets-on-asylum-20130816-2s25m.html High stakes as PNG's new strongman bets on asylum], ''www.smh.com.au'' (17 August 2013)</ref><ref name="pngblogs.com"/>
|-
| {{flag|Paraguay|1842}} || [[Francisco Solano López]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East | author = Spencer C. Tucker | publisher = Edward Elgar Publishing Limited | page = 1442 | url = https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&pg=PA1442&lpg=PA1442&dq=Francisco+Solano+L%C3%B3pez+strongman&source=bl&ots=X_YiwiPw4I&sig=RC1qPgWN7SrM-O1QmoKf5AiUHVs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjb_bGkkKjPAhWsB8AKHYBwCYAQ6AEISTAL#v=onepage&q=Francisco%20Solano%20L%C3%B3pez%20strongman&f=false | date = 23 December 2009 | accessdate = 24 September 2016 | isbn = 9781851096725}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Paraguay|1954}} || [[Alfredo Stroessner]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Obituary: Alfredo Stroessner | publisher = BBC News | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4792281.stm | date = 16 August 2006}}</ref>
|-
| {{PER}} || [[Juan Velasco Alvarado]]<ref name="google27">{{Cite book | title = Latin America 2013 | author = Buckman, R.T. | publisher = Stryker Post | page = 354 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oQOYAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA354 | date = 2013 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9781475804812}}</ref>
|-
| {{PER}} || [[Alberto Fujimori]]<ref name="economist2">{{Cite web | title = An elected strongman brought to book | magazine = The Economist | url = http://www.economist.com/node/13446870 | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flag|Philippines|aguinaldo}} || [[Emilio Aguinaldo]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Philippine Politics and Society in the Twentieth Century: Colonial Legacies, Post-Colonial Trajectories | last1 = Hedman | first1 = Eva-Lotta
| last2 = Sidel | first2 = John | year = 2005 | publisher = Routledge | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=X_lDpY3vj60C&pg=PA95&dq=%22emilio+aguinaldo%22+strongman 95] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=X_lDpY3vj60C | isbn = 978-1-134-75421-2}}</ref>
|-
| {{Flag|Philippines|1985}} || [[Ferdinand Marcos]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = Ferdinand Marcos | work = multied.com | url = http://www.multied.com/bio/people/Marcos.html}}</ref>
|-
| {{PHL}} || [[Rodrigo Duterte]]<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Richard Javad Heydarian|date=26 May 2016|title=Duterte, the Filipino Strongman|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/philippines/2016-05-26/duterte-filipino-strongman|journal=[[Foreign Affairs]]|location=|publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]]|accessdate=28 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=David Iaconangelo|date=23 August 2016|title=What’s behind Filipino strongman Duterte’s popularity?|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-News/2016/0823/What-s-behind-Filipino-strongman-Duterte-s-popularity|newspaper=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|location=Boston|accessdate=28 August 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{POL}} || [[Józef Piłsudski]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = The Roundtable Talks and the Breakdown of Communism | last = Elster | first = Jon | year = 1996 | publisher = [[University of Chicago Press]] | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=KQZIjbQri0gC&pg=PA13 13] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KQZIjbQri0gC | isbn = 0226206289}}</ref>
|-
| {{POL}} || [[Bolesław Bierut]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=uojpBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=Boles%C5%82aw+Bierut+strongman&source=bl&ots=Qbnv85S2ek&sig=xQeFlZiv3OiaZAeS4tXCpp-lgdY&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwifkdbKwc3OAhWBRJQKHfmZDxYQ6AEIIjAD#v=onepage&q=Boles%C5%82aw%20Bierut%20strongman&f=false Cold War Europe: The Politics of a Contested Continent]</ref>
|-
| {{POL}} || [[Władysław Gomułka]]<ref>https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/polands-peculiar-dictatorshipgomulka-between-popular-feeling-and-soviet-power/</ref>
|-
| {{POL}} || [[Edward Gierek]]<ref>http://www.polskieradio.pl/8/3869/Artykul/1459682,Edward-Gierek-Dyktator-ktory-rozmawial-z-ludzmi</ref>
|-
| {{POL}} || [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Prosecuting Heads of State | last1 = Lutz | first1 = Ellen L. | last2 = Reiger | first2 = Caitlin | year = 2009 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=QKLkbLcAUyYC&pg=PA31 31] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QKLkbLcAUyYC | isbn = 978-0-521-49109-9}}</ref>
|-
| {{POL}} || [[Jarosław Kaczyński]]<ref name="wsws">{{Cite news | title = ‘Vindictive’ Polish leaders using new war museum to rewrite history, says academic | newspaper = The Guardian | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/apr/24/polish-leaders-using-war-museum-to-rewrite-history-says-academic | date = 24 April 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{POR}} || [[António de Oliveira Salazar]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Nostalgia for António de Oliveira Salazar divides the Portuguese | last = Bilefsky | first = Dan | newspaper = The New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/23/world/europe/23iht-salazar.4.6790015.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 | date = 23 July 2007}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Rhodesia}} || [[Ian Smith]]<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=861&dat=19821128&id=b8FHAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UoAMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3538,7860956&hl=zh-TW Ian Smith Under Fire For Criticizing ]</ref>
|-
| {{ROM}} || [[Ion Antonescu]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Political Murder: From Tyrannicide to Terrorism | last = Ford | first = Franklin L. | year = 1985 | publisher = [[Harvard University Press]] | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=vh3AQNQlPkQC&pg=PA274&dq=Ion+Antonescu+strong+man&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAGoVChMIk9Cj2vrzxwIVTS_bCh3tIgrM#v=onepage&q=Ion%20Antonescu%20strong%20man&f=false 274] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vh3AQNQlPkQC | isbn = 0674686365}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Romania|1952}} || [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]]<ref name="google28">{{Cite book | title = LIFE | publisher = Time | page = 125 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BlMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA125 | accessdate = 14 May 2016
| issn = 0024-3019}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Romania|1965}} || [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = Europe - Twenty years after fall, ghost of Ceausescu's gov't still haunts Romanians | publisher = France 24 | url = http://www.france24.com/en/20091225-twenty-years-after-fall-ghost-ceausescus-govt-still-haunts-romanians/
}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Romania}} || [[Liviu Dragnea]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = Romanian Socialists dump Ponta, Dragnea emerges as new ‘strongman’ | publisher = euractiv | url = http://www.euractiv.com/section/central-europe/news/romanian-socialists-dump-ponta-dragnea-emerges-as-new-strongman/}}</ref>
|-
| {{RUS}} || [[Vladimir Putin]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = The Strongman: Vladimir Putin and the Struggle for Russia | author = Angus Roxburgh | year = 2012 | publisher = I.B.Tauris | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CNT5B2Y_LgMC | isbn = 978-1-78076-016-2}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Flag of Rwanda (1962-2001).svg|border|23px]] [[Rwanda]]|| [[Juvénal Habyarimana]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=1QbX90fmCVUC&pg=PA465&lpg=PA465&dq=Juv%C3%A9nal+Habyarimana+strongman&source=bl&ots=0umClvYzh9&sig=EObyPLmL5StT6lPPW5vFDnoPfgo&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwio9aDswvPOAhWMipQKHTWNC-4Q6AEIJTAB#v=onepage&q=Juv%C3%A9nal%20Habyarimana%20strongman&f=false Encyclopedia of Human Rights ]</ref>
|-
| [[File:Flag of Rwanda (1962-2001).svg|border|23px]] [[Rwanda]] || [[Théoneste Bagosora]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=ItLqYoJ_Rn8C&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=Th%C3%A9oneste+Bagosora+strongman&source=bl&ots=lnrt2AQMWu&sig=fKAMHxUK-j9EfP_CL28uC64WcVo&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjR6IPnxPPOAhXFoZQKHduADJoQ6AEIKjAC#v=onepage&q=Th%C3%A9oneste%20Bagosora%20strongman&f=false Conflict and Peacebuilding in the African Great Lakes Region]</ref>
|-
| {{RWA}} || [[Paul Kagame]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Profile: Rwanda's strongman | publisher = BBC News | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3170451.stm | date = 25 January 2007 | accessdate = 20 April 2012
}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} || [[Manuel Pinto da Costa]]<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14093501 Former strongman Manuel Pinto da Costa returned to power in elections in 2011, two decades after losing office.]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Saudi Arabia}} || [[Muhammad bin Nayef]]<ref>[https://www.ft.com/content/0d299e2e-b533-11e5-8358-9a82b43f6b2f]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Senegal}} || [[Léopold Sédar Senghor]]<ref>[http://m.thenigerianvoice.com/lifestyle/185787/1/the-mind-of-the-african-strongman.html The Mind Of The African Strongman]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Serbia|1991}} || [[Slobodan Milošević]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Milosevic: Serbia's fallen strongman | publisher = BBC News | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/931018.stm
| date = 30 March 2001
}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Serbia}} || [[Aleksandar Vučić]]<ref name="ft2">{{Cite news | title = Serbia champions new pro-European strongman | newspaper = Financial Times
| url = https://next.ft.com/content/878ceb02-416e-11e3-9073-00144feabdc0
| accessdate = 14 May 2016
}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Seychelles}} || [[France-Albert René]]<ref>[https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-115499773.html Albert Rene's Legacy: President Albert Rene, the Left-Leaning Strong Man Who Has Ruled the Indian Ocean Island State of Seychelles for 27 Years Is about to Step Down. What Has Been His Economic and Social Legacy. Fletcher Erwood and Sassi Latrach Report from the 'Paradise Islands']</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Sierra Leone}} || [[Siaka Stevens]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://standardtimespress.org/?p=715|title=Late President Siaka Stevens's Aid blasts APC for ungratefulness - Standard Times Press|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Sierra Leone}} || [[Foday Sankoh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZH93qwrFJkC|title=The Politics of Being Nigerian|first=Okechukwu Jones|last=Asuzu|date=1 August 2005|publisher=Lulu.com|via=Google Books}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Sierra Leone}} || [[Johnny Paul Koroma]]<ref>[http://www.thesierraleonetelegraph.com/?p=11237 Photo: Former APC strongman and military junta leader – Johnny Paul Koroma still wanted by the ICC]</ref>
|-
| {{SGP}} || [[Lee Kuan Yew]]<ref name="foreignpolicy">{{Cite web | title = The Strongman of Singapore | magazine = Foreign Policy | url = https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/03/22/lee-kuan-yew-singapore/ | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{SGP}} || [[Lee Hsien Loong]]<ref>[http://sinazen.com/lhl LEE HSIEN LOONG THE STRONGMAN]</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_First_Slovak_Republic_1939-1945.svg}} [[Slovak Republic (1939–45)|Slovakia]] || [[Jozef Tiso]]<ref name="handbook Eastern Europe" />
|-
| {{flag|Slovakia}} || [[Vladimír Mečiar]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Slovak strongman stares election defeat in the face | last = Krushelnycky | first = Askold | newspaper = The Daily Telegraph | location = London | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/slovakia/1407834/Slovak-strongman-stares-election-defeat-in-the-face.html | date = 20 September 2002}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Slovakia}} || [[Robert Fico]]<ref name="cato">{{Cite web | title = Slovakia's Strongman Heading for a Defeat? &#124; Cato @ Liberty | publisher = cato.org | url = http://www.cato.org/blog/slovakias-strongman-heading-defeat | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Somalia}} || [[Siad Barre]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://schema-root.org/region/africa/eastern_africa/somalia/officials/mohamed_siad_barre/|title=Mohamed Siad Barre, Schema-Root news|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Somalia}} || [[Mohamed Farrah Aidid]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.latimes.com/keyword/mohammed-farah-aidid|title=Articles about Mohammed Farah Aidid - latimes|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928-1994).svg}} [[South Africa]] || [[Hendrik Verwoerd]]<ref name="in">{{Cite news | title = Jewish Post 1 November 1963 — Hoosier State Chronicles: Indiana's Digital Historic Newspaper Program | publisher = newspapers.library.in.gov | url = https://newspapers.library.in.gov/cgi-bin/indiana?a=d&d=JPOST19631101-01.1.17 | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928-1994).svg}} [[South Africa]] || [[Balthazar Johannes Vorster]]<ref name="google29">{{Cite news | title = Sarasota Journal - Google News Archive Search &#124; South Africa Selects New Strong Man | publisher = Google News | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1798&dat=19660901&id=g0QgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=F4wEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7344,1412034&hl=en | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928-1994).svg}} [[South Africa]] || [[Pieter Willem Botha]]<ref name="itnsource">{{Cite web | title = SOUTH AFRICA: FORMER APARTHEID STRONGMAN P.W. BOTHA FOUND GUILTY OF CONTEMPT FOR FLOUTING SOUTH AFRICA'S TRUTH COMMISSION | publisher = itnsource.com | url = http://www.itnsource.com/shotlist//RTV/1998/08/21/808210014/?s=bombings |accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|South Africa}} || [[Jacob Zuma]]<ref>[https://article.wn.com/view/2007/12/19/ANCs_new_strongman_Jacob_Zuma_to_reassure_nervous_South_Afri/ ANC's new strongman Jacob Zuma to reassure nervous South Africans], ''article.wn.com'' (19 December 2007)</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Transvaal.svg}} [[South African Republic]] || [[Paul Kruger]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = Orania leader true racists love to hate | publisher = iol.za | url = http://www.iol.co.za/sundayindependent/orania-leader-true-racists-love-to-hate-1921468 | date = 27 September 2015 | access-date = 23 August 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{KOR}} || [[Syngman Rhee]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Strongman Syngman | magazine = Time | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,816518,00.html | date = 30 June 1952 | accessdate = 20 April 2012}}</ref>
|-
| {{KOR}} || [[Park Chung-Hee]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Ex-Dictator's Daughter Nominated for South Korean Presidency | last = Sang-Hun | first = Choe | newspaper = [[The New York Times]] | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/21/world/asia/park-geun-hye-nominated-for-south-korean-presidency.html?_r=1& | date = 20 August 2012 | accessdate = 8 December 2012}}</ref>
<!-------------------
NOTE TO RECENT-CHANGE PATROLLERS: There is one user (or group of users) who frequently tries to remove Park from this list. It's advisable to revert any unexplained removals, and probably also any explained ones made by new or unregistered users if they lack prior talk page consensus.
-------------------->
|-
| {{KOR}} || [[Chun Doo-Hwan]]<ref name="washingtonpost">{{Cite news | title = South Korea goes after the fortune of Chun Doo-hwan, its last military strongman | newspaper = The Washington Post | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/south-korea-goes-after-the-fortune-of-chun-doo-hwan-its-last-military-strongman/2013/08/13/a3e2b35e-00be-11e3-9711-3708310f6f4d_story.html | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|South Vietnam}} || [[Ngo Dinh Diem]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Rice Wars in Colonial Vietnam: The Great Famine and the Viet Minh Road to Power | last = Gunn | first = Geoffrey C. | year = 2014 | publisher = Rowman & Littlefield Publishers | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=4T7oAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA101 101] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4T7oAgAAQBAJ | isbn = 978-1-4422-2303-5}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|South Vietnam}} || [[Dương Văn Minh]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=fb30H5d_jZkC&pg=PA223&lpg=PA223&dq=D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng+V%C4%83n+Minh+strongman&source=bl&ots=AZePr6YPgx&sig=6-kQg_FuJadsfOYsl00EiZ44DeQ&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiF9-7C0c3OAhVEv5QKHQq9DfgQ6AEIbTAX#v=onepage&q=D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng%20V%C4%83n%20Minh%20strongman&f=false Henry R. Luce, Time, and the American Crusade in Asia]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|South Vietnam}} || [[Nguyen Khanh]]<ref>[http://www.terapeak.com/worth/1964-press-photo-viet-nam-s-strongman-major-general-nguyen-khanh-takes-a-dip/351620790717/ 1964 Press Photo Viet Nam's Strongman Major General Nguyen Khanh Takes A Dip]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|South Sudan}} || [[Salva Kiir Mayardit]]<ref>http://www.southsudannewsagency.com/index.php/2015/04/24/salva-kiir-mayardit-a-dictator-of-21st-century/</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Soviet Union}} || [[Vladimir Lenin]]<ref>[http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2003-04-13/news/0304130226_1_lenin-large-statue-saddam-hussein]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Soviet Union}} || [[Leon Trotsky]]<ref>[https://www.marxists.org/archive/lunachar/works/silhouet/trotsky.htm]</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Soviet Union|1923}} || [[Joseph Stalin]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Russia: The Quick & the Dead | magazine = Time | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,862066-2,00.html | date = 2 April 1956 | accessdate = 20 April 2012
}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Soviet Union|1955}} || [[Nikita Khrushchev]]<ref name="amazon">{{Cite web | title = Amazon.com: Russian Legends: The Life and Legacy of Nikita Khrushchev eBook: Charles River Editors: Kindle Store |url=http://www.amazon.com/Russian-Legends-Legacy-Nikita-Khrushchev-ebook/dp/B008L4OCQ0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202205216/http://www.amazon.com/Russian-Legends-Legacy-Nikita-Khrushchev-ebook/dp/B008L4OCQ0
|archive-date=2016-02-02 |dead-url=yes|accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{USSR}} || [[Leonid Brezhnev]]<ref name="google34">{{Cite book | title = Afghanistan: The First Faultline War | author = Bakshi, G.D. | publisher = Lancer | page = 50 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OyMIEVm0SakC&pg=PA50 | date = 2002 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9788170622208}}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[History of Spain (1810–73)|Spain]] || [[Ramón María Narváez, 1st Duke of Valencia|Ramón María Narváez]]<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/fortunata-and-jacinta-two-stories-married-women Fortunata and Jacinta: Two Stories of Married Women], ''www.encyclopedia.org''</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[History of Spain (1810-73)|Spain]] || [[Juan Prim, 1st Marquis of los Castillejos|Juan Prim]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = The Deaths of Henri Regnault | author = Marc Gotlieb | pages = [https://books.google.ca/books?id=5Tg8DgAAQBAJ&pg=PT37&lpg=PT37&dq=juan+prim+strongman&source=bl&ots=kiwm_RZzRX&sig=VP7Zr4Y_mBnW-WaW_rJJyBJ3rFk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwinl6ariI7TAhVEVWMKHZjRCFQQ6AEIPTAN#v=onepage&q=juan%20prim%20strongman&f=false 23] | url = https://books.google.ca/books? | date = 2016 | isbn = }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[History of Spain (1810-73)|Spain]] || [[Práxedes Mateo Sagasta]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Modern Spain, 1875-1980 | author = Raymond Carr | pages = [https://books.google.ca/books?id=ckgyP_k0xjAC&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=Pr%C3%A1xedes+Mateo+Sagasta+strongman&source=bl&ots=KOMJWQfDiw&sig=wQ1KnnTHXhNu43xewNyKbawVqCI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji_tW9jo7TAhUH9GMKHdsaC9cQ6AEINDAM#v=onepage&q=Pr%C3%A1xedes%20Mateo%20Sagasta%20strongman&f=false 8] | url = https://books.google.ca/books? | date = 2001 | isbn = }}</ref>
|-
| {{Flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]] || [[Antonio Cánovas del Castillo]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Enrique Granados: Poet of the Piano | author = Walter Aaron Clark | pages = [https://books.google.ca/books?id=ofMRDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=antonio+c%C3%A1novas+del+castillo+strongman&source=bl&ots=LAZkTRUJc8&sig=rnoB_1v5ILEzvgMzTq59p0x2Bew&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj20t-TzY3TAhUDwGMKHSe6BiYQ6AEIMjAL#v=onepage&q=antonio%20c%C3%A1novas%20del%20castillo%20strongman&f=false 5] | url = https://books.google.ca/books? | date = 2006 | isbn = }}</ref>
|-
| {{flagicon|Spain|1785}} [[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]] || [[Miguel Primo de Rivera]]<ref name="google30">{{Cite book | title = Encyclopedia of Insurgency and Counterinsurgency: A New Era of Modern Warfare: A New Era of Modern Warfare | author = Tucker, S.C. | publisher = ABC-CLIO | page = 43 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LXCjAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA43 | date = 2013 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9781610692809}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Spanish State|name=Spain}} || [[Francisco Franco]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = War, Peace, and All That Jazz | author = Joy Hakim | year = 2002 | publisher = Oxford University Press | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=TYq1SeWvS9oC&pg=PA114 114] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TYq1SeWvS9oC | isbn = 978-0-19-515335-4}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Sri Lanka}} || [[Mahinda Rajapaksa]]<ref name="latimes2">{{Cite news | title = Former Sri Lankan strongman Rajapaksa aims for a political comeback - LA Times | newspaper = Los Angeles Times | url = http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-a-controversial-politician-s-comeback-is-the-talk-of-sri-lanka-20150817-story.html | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{SUD}} || [[Gaafar Nimeiry]]<ref>[http://mobile.nytimes.com/1973/03/15/archives/strongman-of-the-sudan-always-on-the-move-on-to-military-college.html?_r=0 Strongman of the Sudan Gaafar al‐Nimeiry]</ref>
|-
| {{SUD}} || [[Omar al-Bashir]]<ref>http://www.freedomhouse.org/article/freedom-house-condemns-sudanese-government%E2%80%99s-killing-12-during-protests</ref>
|-
| {{SUD}} || [[Hassan Al-Turabi]]<ref>[http://politicsofcp.blogspot.tw/2006/07/gilani-sudan-turabi-connection.html?m=1 Gilani & Sudan: The Turabi Connection]</ref>
|-
| {{SUR}} || [[Dési Bouterse]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Suriname: The Dictator Who Came In From The Cold | magazine = Time | url = http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2009955,00.html | date = 12 August 2010 |accessdate = 6 May 2013}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Sweden}} || [[Per Albin Hansson]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Sweden, the Nation's History | year = 1988 | author = Franklin Daniel Scott | page = [https://books.google.ca/books?id=Qv8zxie3A18C&pg=PA485&lpg=PA485&dq=Per+Albin+Hansson+strongman&source=bl&ots=dR3mVpUOMg&sig=QCJ__22InNGncg3Qhu2o592yf0M&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim6OythPXSAhUN32MKHRj8DTAQ6AEIFTAB#v=onepage&q=Per%20Albin%20Hansson%20strongman&f=false 485] | url = https://books.google.ca/books?id=Qv8zxie3A18C | isbn = }}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Syria|1963}} || [[Salah Jadid]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Steel and Silk | last = Moubayed | first = Sami M. | year = 2006 | publisher = Cune Press | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=GF51Sml5WpcC&pg=PA90&dq=%22Salah+Jadid%22 90] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GF51Sml5WpcC | isbn = 978-1-885942-41-8 | ref = harv}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Syria}} || [[Hafez al-Assad]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History &#91;4 volumes&#93;: A Political, Social, and Military History | last1 = Tucker | first1 = Spencer C. | last2 = Roberts | first2 = Priscilla | year = 2008 | publisher = ABC-CLIO | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC&pg=PA167 167] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC | isbn = 978-1-85109-842-2 | ref = harv}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Syria}} || [[Bashar al-Assad]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = The Road to Fatima Gate: The Beirut Spring, the Rise of Hezbollah, and the Iranian War Against Israel | last = Totten | first = Michael J. | year = 2013
| publisher = Encounter Books | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=yDrWrVRq9yMC&pg=PA2 2] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yDrWrVRq9yMC | isbn = 978-1-59403-655-2 | ref = harv}}</ref>
|-
| {{TJK}} || [[Emomali Rakhmon]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Strongmen standing together | magazine = The Economist | url = http://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2013/11/voting-tajikistan | date = 11 November 2013}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Tanzania}} || [[John Magufuli]]<ref>http://nairobiwire.com/2016/09/poll-has-tanzanian-president-john-magufuli-turned-into-a-dictator.html</ref>
|-
| {{THA}} || [[Phin Choonhavan]]<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=G5KLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=chatichai+choonhavan+strongman&source=bl&ots=uF2KSMFpGV&sig=g3_5ek9SMBSEzsNcsSpICHZWKNA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwipn8mV49vRAhVBB8AKHT5vBq4Q6AEIJzAC#v=onepage&q=chatichai%20choonhavan%20strongman&f=false Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia]</ref>
|-
| {{THA}} || [[Plaek Phibunsongkhram]]<ref name="google31">{{Cite book | title = A Special Relationship: The United States and Military Government in Thailand, 1947-1958 | author = Fineman, D. | publisher = University of Hawaii Press | page = 12 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ALp3JfHefG8C&pg=PA12 | date = 1997 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9780824818180}}</ref>
|-
| {{THA}} || [[Phao Sriyanond]]<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JsMuBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT362&lpg=PT362&dq=phao+siyanon+strongman&source=bl&ots=rQfpNNb-9s&sig=HOIA2TOIoYMim0cIevGgc5zOhDA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4_bO03tvRAhWiKMAKHbNPBN4Q6AEITDAN#v=onepage&q=phao%20siyanon%20strongman&f=false Moon Phuket & Ko Samui]</ref>
|-
| {{THA}} || [[Sarit Thanarat]]<ref name="google32">{{Cite book | title = Thailand's Macroeconomic Miracle: Stable Adjustment and Sustained Growth | author1 = Warr, P.G. | author2 = Nidhiprabha, B. | publisher = World Bank
| page = 13 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CbjYSc4BAn0C&pg=PA13 | date = 1996 | access-date = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9780821326541
}}</ref>
|-
| {{THA}} || [[Thanom Kittikachorn]]<ref name="taipeitimes">{{Cite news | title = Former Thai strongman, booted out in 1973, dies | newspaper = Taipei Times | url = http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2004/06/18/2003175532 | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{THA}} || [[Kriangsak Chamanan]]<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-UmR3uGkO5cC&pg=PT131&lpg=PT131&dq=kriangsak+chomanan+strongman&source=bl&ots=r79l12UqwD&sig=VbndOQPQK5Rhq_uaWqb8_WTNfWI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjZwq7C2dvRAhUGC8AKHfNBCdgQ6AEIKjAC#v=onepage&q=kriangsak%20chomanan%20strongman&f=false The Desktop Digest of Despots and Dictators: An A to Z of Tyranny]</ref>
|-
| {{THA}} || [[Prem Tinsulanonda]]<ref name="google33">{{Cite book | title = The Ultimate Travel Guide to Thailand: The Most Exotic Destination in South-East Asia | author = Stamatopoulos, S. | publisher = Stamatis Stamatopoulos | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7mJcCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT118 | date = 2015 | accessdate = 14 May 2016 | isbn = 9781628902839}}</ref>
|-
| {{THA}} || [[Thaksin Shinawatra]]<ref>[https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=s0OBDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA174&lpg=PA174&dq=Thaksin+strongman&source=bl&ots=qltRkFaRKi&sig=k9nTvtzBkzok1DzP2NCfr6UH8P8&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwia_JWQpv_OAhXCHpQKHQN3BZ8Q6AEIQjAK#v=onepage&q=Thaksin%20strongman&f=false Crime and Corruption in New Democracies: The Politics of (In)Security]</ref>
|-
| {{THA}} || [[Sonthi Boonyaratglin]]<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rNrMilgHKKEC&pg=PA334&lpg=PA334&dq=surayud+chulanont+strongman&source=bl&ots=Sr4NMxY-Ja&sig=hFjI-x7M6Fs3vAVj3kFmgXy8g5M&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwijoIzY3dvRAhVkIcAKHcR3C4YQ6AEIGjAA#v=onepage&q=surayud%20chulanont%20strongman&f=false The Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism]</ref>
|-
| {{THA}} || [[Prayuth Chan-ocha]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = The Strongman of Siam | magazine = Foreign Policy | url = https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/05/21/the-new-king-of-siam-thailand-prayuth-junta/ | date = 21 May 2015 | access-date = 17 June 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Togo}} || [[Gnassingbé Eyadema]]<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-106326195.html|title=Togo holds state funeral for strongman Gnassingbe Eyadema|date=13 March 2005|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{TUR}} || [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Quezon and Ataturk: a study of strongman rule | newspaper = Philippine Daily Inquirer | url = http://opinion.inquirer.net/10551/quezon-and-ataturk-a-study-of-strongman-rule}}</ref>
|-
| {{TUR}} || [[İsmet İnönü]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = Daytona Beach Sunday News-Journal - Google News Archive Search | publisher = Google | url = https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1870&dat=19731224&id=PegeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eswEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3471,3562504}}</ref>
|-
| {{TUR}} || [[Cemal Gürsel]]<ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,895700,00.html Turkey: Message to a Son], ''TIME'' (29 September 1961)</ref>
|-
| {{TUR}} || [[Kenan Evren]]<ref>[http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUKBRE8AJ0VZ20121120 Frail Turkish ex-president appears in landmark coup trial], ''reuters.com'' (20 November 2012)</ref>
|-
| {{TUR}} || [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Prime Minister Erdogan's strongman response to Turkey's protests | author = Editorial Board | newspaper = The Washington Post | url = http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-06-03/opinions/39715196_1_protesters-akp-protect-journalists | dead-url = no | date = 3 June 2013 | accessdate = 22 June 2013}}</ref>
|-
| {{TKM}} || [[Saparmyrat Nyýazow]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Turkmenistan ex-leader Niyazov's golden statue toppled | publisher = BBC News | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11095257 | date = 26 August 2010
}}</ref>
|-
| {{TKM}} || [[Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow]]<ref name="eurasianet">{{Cite web | title = Turkmenistan Strongman Erects First Gold Statue to Himself | publisher = EurasiaNet.org | url = http://www.eurasianet.org/node/73581
| access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Tunisia}} || [[Habib Bourguiba]]<ref>[https://www.stratfor.com/analysis/tunisia-struggles-militants Tunisia Struggles With Militants], ''www.stratfor.com'' (29 June 2015)</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Tunisia}} || [[Zine El Abidine Ben Ali]]<ref name="cnn">{{Cite web | title = Ousted Tunisian strongman convicted of corruption charges - CNN.com | publisher = CNN | url = http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/06/20/tunisia.ben.ali/ | access-date = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{UGA}} || [[Idi Amin Dada]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Idi Amin seeks kidney donor | publisher = BBC News | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3150921.stm | date = 14 August 2003 | accessdate = 1 August 2013}}</ref>
|-
| {{UGA}} || [[Milton Obote]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Milton Obote Dies at 80; Strongman in Uganda, Twice Overthrown | newspaper = The New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/11/international/africa/11obote.html?fta=y | date = 11 October 2011 | accessdate = 1 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{UGA}} || [[Yoweri Museveni]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Uganda Strongman a Favorite of World Lenders | last = Lorch | first = Donatella | newspaper = The New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/29/world/uganda-strongman-a-favorite-of-world-lenders.html | date = 29 January 1995 | accessdate = 1 August 2014}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Ukraine}} || [[Leonid Kuchma]]<ref name="economist3">{{Cite web | title = Two Viktors, only one victor | magazine = The Economist| via = web.archive.org | url=http://www.economist.com/node/3418744 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160417051021/http://www.economist.com/node/3418744 |archive-date=2016-04-17 |dead-url=yes| accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Ukraine}} || [[Viktor Yanukovych]]<ref name="theguardian2">{{Cite news | title = Viktor Yanukovych: can the great survivor of Ukraine politics hang on? | newspaper = The Guardian | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/02/viktor-yanukovych-ukraine-protests-orange | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{URU}} || [[Juan María Bordaberry]]<ref name="laht">{{Cite news | title = Uruguay High Court Declares Amnesty Law Unconstitutional | newspaper = Latin American Herald Tribune | url = http://laht.com/article.asp?CategoryId=23620&ArticleId=375423 | date = n.d. | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{UK}} || [[David Lloyd George]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Woodrow Wilson | author = John Milton Cooper, Jr. | pages = [https://books.google.ca/books?id=lxoOdaCDbpEC&pg=PA316&lpg=PA316&dq=strongman+woodrow&source=bl&ots=hfyVZdmV4x&sig=gQny9VSCehNcFji-O21fPmE4eYQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjn9ZSfw7vTAhVX2mMKHaqtBrUQ6AEIFTAE#v=onepage&q=strongman%20woodrow&f=false 316] | url = https://books.google.ca/books? | date = 2009 | isbn = }}</ref>
|-
| {{UK}} || [[Winston Churchill]]<ref>http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30934629</ref>
|-
| {{UK}} || [[David Cameron]]<ref>[https://www.modernghana.com/news/367075/david-cameron-stands-as-the-strong-man-of-europe.html DAVID CAMERON STANDS AS THE STRONG MAN OF EUROPE], ''www.modernghana.com'' (15 December 2011)</ref>
|-
| {{USA}} || [[Andrew Jackson]]<ref>[https://sgreffenius.com/2016/12/10/strongmen-in-americas-political-culture/ Strongmen in America’s political culture], ''sgreffenius.com'' (10 December 2016)</ref>
|-
| {{USA}} || [[James K. Polk]]<ref>[http://www.azquotes.com/quote/1240998 James K. Polk], ''www.azquotes.com''</ref>
|-
| {{USA}} || [[Abraham Lincoln]]<ref>[http://www.mrlincolnandfriends.org/opponents-and-enemies/ Opponents and Friends – Mr. Lincoln and Friends] ''www.mrlincolnandfriends.org''</ref>
|-
| {{USA}} || [[Theodore Roosevelt]]<ref>[https://sgreffenius.com/2016/12/10/strongmen-in-americas-political-culture/ Strongmen in America’s political culture], ''sgreffenius.com'' (10 December 2016)</ref>
|-
| {{USA}} || [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]<ref>[https://www.aei.org/publication/hollywood-propaganda-and-liberal-politics/ Hollywood, propaganda, and liberal politics], ''AEI.org'' (28 January 2014)</ref>
|-
| {{USA}} || [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]<ref>[https://careyrowland.wordpress.com/tag/lbj/ LBJ | CareyRowland's Blog], ''careyrowland.wordpress.com'' (15 November 2015)</ref>
|-
| {{USA}} || [[Richard Nixon]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gi0jP4CBsc0]</ref>
|-
| {{USA}} || [[Dick Cheney]]<ref>[http://www.channel3000.com/news/opinion/bill-wineke/wineke-cheney-is-strongman-wannabe/162949687]</ref>
|-
| {{USA}} || [[Donald Trump]]<ref name=berlusconi /><ref name="trump">{{Cite news | title = The Resurgence of ‘Strongmen’ Like Trump Threatens Our Liberal World Order | publisher = Huffington Post | url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/professor-thomas-weber-/strongmen-trump-liberal-world-order_b_9661636.html | date = 2016-04-14}}</ref><ref name="trump2">{{Cite news | title = Donald Trump and Rodrigo Duterte, BFFs: Murderous Philippine strongman is who Trump would love to be | date = 2016-12-08 | url = http://www.salon.com/2016/12/08/donald-trump-and-rodrigo-duterte-bffs-the-murderous-philippine-strongman-is-who-trump-would-love-to-be/| accessdate = 10 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{UZB}} || [[Islam Karimov]]<ref name="ft3">{{Cite news | title = Uzbek strongman re-elected in landslide victory | newspaper = Financial Times | url = http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7b827050-d6ed-11e4-a99f-00144feab7de.html
| accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{UZB}} || [[Shavkat Mirziyoyev]]<ref>[http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21711263-shavkat-mirziyoyev-wins-886-vote-sham-election-uzbekistan-replaces-one-strongman Uzbekistan replaces one strongman with another] ''The Economist'' (10 December 2016)</ref>
|-
| {{VEN}} || [[José Antonio Páez]]<ref name="Davis2015p42" />
|-
| {{VEN}} || [[Antonio Guzmán Blanco]]<ref name="Davis2015p42" />
|-
| {{VEN}} || [[Juan Vincente Gomez]]<ref name="Davis2015p42">{{Cite book | title = Working-Class Mobilization and Political Control: Venezuela and Mexico | last = Davis | first = Charles L. | year = 2015 | publisher = University Press of Kentucky | pages = [https://books.google.com/books?id=SbofBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA42 42] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SbofBgAAQBAJ | isbn = 978-0-8131-6280-5}}</ref>
|-
| {{VEN}} || [[Marcos Pérez Jiménez]]<ref name="Davis2015p42" />
|-
| {{VEN}} || [[Hugo Chávez]]<ref>[http://www.mrc.org/articles/resilient-left-wing-strongman-hugo-chavez The "Resilient" Left-Wing Strongman Hugo Chavez]</ref>
|-
| {{VEN}} || [[Nicolás Maduro]]<ref>{{Cite web | title = Venezuela strongman Maduro 'will go to all lengths to survive' | last = Washington | first = Richard | publisher = Yahoo! Finance | url = https://finance.yahoo.com/news/venezuela-strongman-maduro-lengths-survive-174956418.html | date = 15 July 2016 | accessdate = 31 December 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Yemen}} || [[Ali Abdullah Saleh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/yemen-ex-strongman-saleh-amassed-60-billion-un-164639447.html?ref=gs|title=Yemen ex-strongman Saleh amassed up to $60 billion: UN|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|FR Yugoslavia}} || [[Slobodan Milošević]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Milosevic: Serbia's fallen strongman | last = Judah | first = Tim | publisher = BBC News | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/931018.stm | date = 30 March 2001}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|SFR Yugoslavia}} || [[Josip Broz Tito]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Encyclopedia of the Developing World | last = Leonard | first = Thomas M. | year = 2013 | publisher = Taylor & Francis | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=We–OAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1418 1418] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=We-OAQAAQBAJ | isbn = 978-1-135-20515-7}}</ref>
|-
| {{flag|Zaire}} || [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]<ref>{{Cite news | title = Ex-Dictator Mobutu Dies In Exile -- Brutal Strongman Became Rich As Zaire Descended Into Poverty | last1 = Daniszewski | first1 = John | last2 = Simmons | first2 = Ann M. | newspaper = The Seattle Times | url = http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19970908&slug=2559217 | date = 8 September 1997 | accessdate = 24 June 2013}}</ref>
|-
| {{ZAM}} || [[Kenneth Kaunda]]<ref name="minet">{{Cite web | title = TM-EX Newsletter: TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION EX-MEMBERS SUPPORT GROUP | publisher = Meditation Information Network | url = http://minet.org/TM-EX/Fall-91
| date = Fall 1991 | accessdate = 14 May 2016}}</ref>
|-
| {{ZIM}} || [[Robert Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite book | title = Elgar Handbook of Civil War and Fragile States | author1 = Graham K. Brown | author2 = Arnim Langer | year = 2013 | publisher = Edward Elgar Publishing | page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=t3m_AWHT8jQC&pg=PA387 387] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=t3m_AWaHT8jQC | isbn = 978-1-84844-842-1}}</ref>
|}
==See also==
==See also==
{{columns-list|3|
{{columns-list|3|

Revision as of 16:28, 19 September 2017

A strongman is a political leader who rules by force and runs an authoritarian regime or totalitarian regime. The term is often used interchangeably with "dictator" in the western world, but differs from a "warlord" and commonly lacks the negative connotations especially in some Eastern European and Central Asian countries.

A strongman is not necessarily always a formal head of state or head of government; sometimes journalists use the term to describe a military or political figure who exercises far more influence over the government than a local constitution allows. General Manuel Noriega, for example, was often dubbed the "Strongman of Panama" for the enormous amount of political power he exercised over Panama, despite the fact that he was not the formal president or prime minister of the state. In practice, his role was that of a dictator.

Similarly, not every discussion of "strong leadership"[1] (or every promise to provide such[2]) envisages rule by a strongman.


See also

3

References

  1. ^ For example: Sinclair, Barbara (1992). "The Emergence of Strong Leadership in the 1980s House of Representatives". The Journal of Politics. 54 (3): 657–684. doi:10.2307/2132306. Retrieved 27 October 2013. An explanation for the emergence of strong leadership is offered and tested. I argue that, during the period under study, the costs and benefits to majority party members of strong leadership changed significantly. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  2. ^ See for example:Rao, Mumtaz Hamid, ed. (May 2010). "David Cameron takes the reins in UK; Vows strong leadership". Pakistan Times. Islamabad. Pakistan Times UK Bureau. ISSN 1729-7915. Retrieved 27 October 2013. Prime Minister David Cameron has said the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition will be united to give Britain a strong and stable leadership for the long term. [...] 'And it will be an administration united behind one key purpose and that is to give our country the strong and stable and determined leadership that we need for the long term.' [...] New Prime Minister David Cameron unveiled more details of his historic coalition on Wednesday, vowing "strong" government after ending 13 years of Labour rule. [...] New Foreign Secretary William Hague insisted the coalition agreement [...] would stand the test of time. [...] 'It will be a strong government,' said Hague. {{cite news}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)