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{{Infobox planet
#REDIRECT [[List of minor planets: 1001–2000#277]]
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1277 Dolores
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| discoverer = [[Grigory Neujmin|G. Neujmin]]
| discovery_site = [[Simeiz Observatory|Simeiz Obs.]]
| discovered = 18 April 1933
| mpc_name = (1277) Dolores
| alt_names = 1933 HA{{·}}1925 SE<br />1929 NB{{·}}1942 JA<br />1951 PB
| pronounced =
| named_after = [[Dolores Ibárruri]]&thinsp;<ref name="springer" /><br />{{small|(Spanish communists)}}
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|middle]])}}&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" /><br />background&thinsp;<ref name="Ferret" />
| orbit_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 84.05 yr (30,699 days)
| aphelion = 3.3418 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 2.0598 AU
| semimajor = 2.7008 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2373
| period = 4.44 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,621 days)
| mean_anomaly = 315.34[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2221|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 6.9674°
| asc_node = 247.04°
| arg_peri = 46.992°
| dimensions = {{val|23.72|7.44}} km<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|27.05|0.90}} km<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|27.64|2.2}} km<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|32.587|0.802}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|32.59|0.80}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
| rotation = {{val|17.19|0.01}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="Stephens-2001c" />
| albedo = {{val|0.063|0.013}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|0.08|0.04}}<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><br />{{val|0.0879|0.016}}<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.095|0.007}}<ref name="AKARI" />
| spectral_type = [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] {{=}} [[C-type asteroid|C]]&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[SMASS classification|SMASS]] {{=}} Cb&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[C-type asteroid|C]]&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Veres-2015" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} 0.730&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|U–B]] {{=}} 0.378&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| abs_magnitude = 11.05<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /><ref name="SIMPS" />{{·}}{{val|11.11|0.11}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />
}}


'''1277 Dolores''', provisional designation {{mpf|1933 HA}}, is a carbonaceous background [[asteroid]] from the central regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 27 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 April 1933, by Soviet astronomer [[Grigory Neujmin]] at the [[Simeiz Observatory]] on the Crimean peninsula.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named after Spanish communist [[Dolores Ibárruri]].<ref name="springer" />
{{NASTRO comment}}


== Orbit and classification ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:001277}}

[[Category:Main-belt asteroids]]
''Dolores'' is a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid from the main belt's background population.<ref name="Ferret" /> It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|central]] main belt at a distance of 2.1–3.3&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 5 months (1,621 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.24 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 7[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" />
[[Category:Discoveries by Grigory Neujmin|Dolores]]

[[Category:Named minor planets|Dolores]]
The asteroid was first identified as {{mpf|1925 SE}} at Simeiz Observatory in September 1925. The body's [[observation arc]] begins at [[Yerkes Observatory]] (or Simeiz) in June 1933, approximately 2 months after its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-object" />
[[Category:C-type asteroids (Tholen)]]

[[Category:Cb-type asteroids (SMASS)]]
== Physical characteristics ==

In the [[Tholen classification]], ''Dolores'' is a carbonaceous [[C-type asteroid]], while in the [[SMASS classification]], it is classified as a Cb-subtype, that transitions to the brighter [[B-type asteroid]]s.<ref name="jpldata" /> It has also been characterized as a C-type by [[Pan-STARRS]] photometric survey.<ref name="Veres-2015" />

=== Rotation period ===

In July 2000, a rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Dolores'' was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer [[Robert D. Stephens|Robert Stephens]]. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined [[rotation period]] of 17.19 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.45 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3]]}}), indicative of a somewhat elongated shape.<ref name="Stephens-2001c" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari satellite]] and the [[NEOWISE]] mission of NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], ''Dolores'' measures between 23.72 and 32.59 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.063 and 0.095.<ref name="Nugent-2015" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" />

The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' adopts the result obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0879 and a diameter of 27.64 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 11.05.<ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="SIMPS" />

== Naming ==

This [[minor planet]] was named after Spanish communists [[Dolores Ibárruri]] (1895–1989). Known as "La Pasionária" (Passionflower), she co-founded the communist party in Spain in 1920, and lead the party while in exile. Dolores Ibárruri returned to Spain in 1977, and became a member of the parliament. The official naming citation was mentioned in ''[[The Names of the Minor Planets]]'' by [[Paul Herget]] in 1955 ({{small|[[Herget's discovery circumstances|H 117]]}}).<ref name="springer" />

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2017-07-05 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1277 Dolores (1933 HA)
|url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001277
|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|accessdate = 25 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1277) Dolores
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|page = 105
|date = 2007
|url = https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1278
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|accessdate = 25 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 1277 Dolores (1933 HA)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1277
|accessdate = 25 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|work = Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/PropertySearch/familyForm.action
|accessdate = 25 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (1277) Dolores
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1277%7CDolores
|accessdate = 25 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent
|first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera
|date = November 2012
|title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
|volume = 759
|issue = 1
|page = 5
|bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M
|doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8
|arxiv = 1209.5794
|access-date= 25 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Nugent-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson
|first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright
|date = December 2015
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 814
|issue = 2
|page = 13
|bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117
|arxiv = 1509.02522
|access-date= 25 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|access-date= 25 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal
|first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco
|first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah
|first3 = M. |last3 = Noah
|first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price
|date = October 2004
|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0
|url = https://sbn.psi.edu/pds/asteroid/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System
|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T
|access-date= 25 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Stephens-2001c">{{Cite journal
|author = Stephens, R. D.
|date = June 2001
|title = Rotational Periods and Lightcurves of 1277 Dolores, 666 Desdemona and (7505) 1997 AM2
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2001MPBu...28...28S
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 28
|pages = 28–29
|bibcode = 2001MPBu...28...28S
|access-date= 25 October 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|access-date= 25 October 2017}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info])
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{JPL small body}}

{{Minor planets navigator |1098 Hakone |number=1099 |1100 Arnica}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dolores}}
[[Category:Main-belt asteroids|001277]]
[[Category:Numbered minor planets|001277]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Grigory Neujmin]]
[[Category:minor planets named for people]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:C-type asteroids (Tholen)|001277)]]
[[Category:Cb-type asteroids (SMASS)|001277]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1933|19330418]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1933|19330418]]
[[Category:Minor planet redirects|1277 Dolores]]

Revision as of 22:02, 25 October 2017

1277 Dolores
Discovery [1]
Discovered byG. Neujmin
Discovery siteSimeiz Obs.
Discovery date18 April 1933
Designations
(1277) Dolores
Named after
Dolores Ibárruri [2]
(Spanish communists)
1933 HA · 1925 SE
1929 NB · 1942 JA
1951 PB
main-belt · (middle) [3]
background [4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc84.05 yr (30,699 days)
Aphelion3.3418 AU
Perihelion2.0598 AU
2.7008 AU
Eccentricity0.2373
4.44 yr (1,621 days)
315.34°
0° 13m 19.56s / day
Inclination6.9674°
247.04°
46.992°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions23.72±7.44 km[5]
27.05±0.90 km[6]
27.64±2.2 km[3][7]
32.587±0.802 km[8]
32.59±0.80 km[8]
17.19±0.01 h[9]
0.063±0.013[8][8]
0.08±0.04[5]
0.0879±0.016[3][7]
0.095±0.007[6]
Tholen = C [1]
SMASS = Cb [1] · C [3][10]
B–V = 0.730 [1]
U–B = 0.378 [1]
11.05[1][3][5][6][8][7] · 11.11±0.11[10]

1277 Dolores, provisional designation 1933 HA, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 27 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 April 1933, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula.[11] The asteroid was named after Spanish communist Dolores Ibárruri.[2]

Orbit and classification

Dolores is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population.[4] It orbits the Sun in the central main belt at a distance of 2.1–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 5 months (1,621 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.24 and an inclination of 7° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

The asteroid was first identified as 1925 SE at Simeiz Observatory in September 1925. The body's observation arc begins at Yerkes Observatory (or Simeiz) in June 1933, approximately 2 months after its official discovery observation.[11]

Physical characteristics

In the Tholen classification, Dolores is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid, while in the SMASS classification, it is classified as a Cb-subtype, that transitions to the brighter B-type asteroids.[1] It has also been characterized as a C-type by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.[10]

Rotation period

In July 2000, a rotational lightcurve of Dolores was obtained from photometric observations by American astronomer Robert Stephens. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 17.19 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.45 magnitude (U=3), indicative of a somewhat elongated shape.[9]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Dolores measures between 23.72 and 32.59 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.063 and 0.095.[5][6][7][8]

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the result obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.0879 and a diameter of 27.64 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.05.[3][7]

Naming

This minor planet was named after Spanish communists Dolores Ibárruri (1895–1989). Known as "La Pasionária" (Passionflower), she co-founded the communist party in Spain in 1920, and lead the party while in exile. Dolores Ibárruri returned to Spain in 1977, and became a member of the parliament. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 117).[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1277 Dolores (1933 HA)" (2017-07-05 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  2. ^ a b c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1277) Dolores. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 105. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "LCDB Data for (1277) Dolores". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  4. ^ a b "Small Bodies Data Ferret". Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  7. ^ a b c d e Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  9. ^ a b Stephens, R. D. (June 2001). "Rotational Periods and Lightcurves of 1277 Dolores, 666 Desdemona and (7505) 1997 AM2". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 28: 28–29. Bibcode:2001MPBu...28...28S. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  10. ^ a b c Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  11. ^ a b "1277 Dolores (1933 HA)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
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