Guo Pu

Guo Pu
Chinese	郭璞
Literal meaning	(personal name)
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Guō Pú Gwoyeu Romatzyh Guo Pwu Wade–Giles Kuo1 P'u2 Wu Romanization Kueʔ Poʔ Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Gwok Puk Jyutping Gwok3 Pok3 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Kueh Phok Middle Chinese Middle Chinese kwak pʰuwk
Alternative Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	景純
Simplified Chinese	景纯
Literal meaning	(courtesy name)
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Jǐngchún Gwoyeu Romatzyh Jiingchwen Wade–Giles Ching3-ch'un2 Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Gíng-sèuhn Jyutping Ging2-seon4 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Kíng-sûn Middle Chinese Middle Chinese kjǽng dʒwin

Guo Pu (Chinese: 郭璞; Wade–Giles: Kuo P'u; AD 276 – 324), courtesy name Jingchun ([景純] Error: {{Lang}}: unrecognized language tag: zh-han (help)), was a Chinese writer and scholar of the Eastern Jin period, and is best known as one of China's foremost commentators on ancient texts. Guo was a Taoist mystic, geomancer, collector of strange tales, editor of old texts, and erudite commentator. He was the first commentator of the Shan Hai Jing and so probably, with the noted Han bibliographer Liu Xin, was instrumental in preserving this valuable mythological and religious text. Guo Pu was the well educated son of a governor. He was a natural historian and a prolific writer of the Jin dynasty. He is the author of The Book of Burial, the first-ever and the most authoritative source of fengshui doctrine and the first book to address the concept of Fengshui in the history of China, making Guo Pu the first person historically to define Fengshui, and therefore, Guo Pu is usually called the father of Fengshui in China.

Life

A native of Wenxi County, in what is now southwest Shanxi Province, Guo studied Daoist occultism and prognostication in his |pic=Guo Pu.jpg youth, and mainly worked as a prognosticator for various local officials and leaders, interpreting omens and portents in order to predict the success or failure of various endeavors. In AD 307 a Xiongnu clan invaded the area and Guo's family relocated south of the Yangtze River, reaching Xuancheng and eventually settling in Jiankang (modern Nanjing). Guo served as an omen-interpreter to military leaders and Eastern Jin chancellor Wang Dao before being appointed to official court positions in 318 and 320. Guo's mother died in 322, which caused Guo to resign his position and spend a year in mourning. In 323 Guo joined the staff of warlord Wang Dun, who controlled much of the modern Hunan and Hubei area, but was executed in 324 after he failed to produce a favorable omen toward Wang's planned usurpation of the Eastern Jin throne.

Influence

Guo was likely the most learned person of his era, and is one of the foremost commentators on ancient Chinese works. He wrote commentaries to the Chu Ci, Shan Hai Jing, Mu Tianzi Zhuan, Fangyan, Erya, Sima Xiangru's "Fu on the Excursion Hunt of the Son of Heaven", and three ancient dictionaries: Cang Jie, Yuanli, and Boxue. Guo's commentaries, which identify and explain rare words and allusions, are often the only surviving sources of these glosses, and without which leave the original work mostly incomprehensible to modern readers. In particular, Guo's commentaries to the Erya, Shan Hai Jing, and Fangyan are considered sufficiently authoritative that they are included in all standard versions of those texts. Without his glosses and commentaries, large portions of these texts would be unintelligible today.

Guo was also an accomplished poet, and his 11 surviving fu poems display his extensive command of the ancient Chinese language. One of them, entitled "Fu on the Yangtze River" (Jiang fu 江賦), used the image of the Yangtze to praise the restoration of the Jin dynasty, and established his reputation as a leading literary figure. His best known poems are a series entitled "Wandering as an Immortal" (youxian 遊仙), of which 14 survive. The bibliography monograph of the Records of the Sui dynasty list Guo's works in 17 volumes; by the Tang dynasty only 10 volumes remained, and by the end of the Song dynasty all of Guo's writings not included in the Wen Xuan had been lost. All that remains today are his writings from the Wen Xuan and reconstructions from quotations in other surviving works.

Notes

Footnotes

References

• Knechtges, David R. (2010a). "From the Eastern Han through the Western Jin (AD 25–317)". In Owen, Stephen (ed.). The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature, Volume 1: To 1375. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 116–198. ISBN 978-0-521-11677-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Knechtges, David R. (2010b). "Guo Pu 郭璞". In Knechtges, David R.; Chang, Taiping (eds.). Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature: A Reference Guide, Part One. Leiden: Brill. pp. 301–307. ISBN 978-90-04-19127-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
• Pease, Jonathan (1998). "Kuo P'u 郭璞". In Nienhauser, William (ed.). The Indiana Companion to Traditional Chinese Literature, Volume 2. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 71–74. ISBN 957-638-516-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Tian, Xiaofei 田晓菲 (2010). "From the Eastern Jin through the early Tang (317–649)". In Owen, Stephen (ed.). The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature, Volume 1: To 1375. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 199–285. ISBN 978-0-521-11677-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Wei, Fengjuan, "Guo Pu". Encyclopedia of China (Chinese Literature Edition), 1st ed.

External links

• Works by Pu Guo at Project Gutenberg
• Works by or about Pu Guo at the Internet Archive
• Qin Lore
• Guo Pu
• The Book of Burial