Berisha (tribe): Difference between revisions
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* [[Anton Berisha]], Albanian scholar and folklorist |
* [[Anton Berisha]], Albanian scholar and folklorist |
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* [[Bekim Berisha]], Yugoslav wars veteran |
* [[Bekim Berisha]], Yugoslav wars veteran |
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* [[Rubim Rebisha]], Visual |
* [[Rubim Rebisha]], Visual Artist |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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Revision as of 07:05, 17 July 2019
42°09′N 19°54′E / 42.150°N 19.900°E
Berisha is a historical tribe located in the region of Pukë in northern Albania, that is, one of the Malësor (or Malissori) tribes. Berisha is a Catholic tribe, said to be the oldest of all northern Albanian tribes. First mentioned in the 17th century, oral tradition traces their genealogy to the 14th century. A part of the tribe migrated to Kosovo and Skopska Crna Gora during the Ottoman period. Today, the surname Berisha is common in Kosovo Albanians.
Geography
The historical tribal area of the Berisha is located in the Pukë district, south of the Drin, west of Fierza, in northern Albania. The centre is the Sapaç river basin, flowing into the Drin. Berisha traditionally borders with Dushmani and Toplana to the west, Bugjoni to the north, Iballja to the east and Kabashi to the south.[1] The main settlements are Berisha e Vogël (Lower Berisha), Shopël and Berisha e Epërme (Upper Berisha), all tiny hamlets.[1]
History
The name of Berisha was recorded in 1691 as Berisa, on a map of Francesco Maria Coronelli.[2] Baron Nopcsa established that most of the Albanian tribes trace their origin to the 1450–1650 period.[3] It was claimed by Nopcsa that the name dated back to at least 1510.[4] According to Elsie, it is said that the earliest tribe is the Berisha,[3] whose genealogy tradition reaches back to 1360–70.[2] Edith Durham recorded at the beginning of the 20th century that members of Berisha and Merturi tribe claimed they were the oldest highlands tribe,[5] which is accepted as accurate.[6]
In 1841, Nikola Vasojević estimated the Berisha to number 16,000, out of whom 4,000 men-at-arms, but Elsie notes that this very high number probably includes neighbouring tribes.[2] The Austro-Hungarian census in Albania (1918) recorded 171 households with 1,013 inhabitants of Berisha.[2] It was later said that the population was 2,300.[2]
Many members of the Berisha tribe migrated to Kosovo, mostly to the region of Gjakova, and converted to Islam. According to British intelligence report, the reason for this migration was the small size of the territory this tribe controlled.[7] The feast of the Catholic Berisha who lived in villages around Peć was the Assumption of Mary (to which they refer to as Zoja e Berishes, or Zoja e Alshiqes, because the Alshiqi are the most numerous).[8] The family name Berisha is derived from the name of the tribe and is particularly common among Albanians in Kosovo.[9] In the 1920s, the whole Berisha tribe in Kosovo, under the leadership of Azem Galica, revolted against the authorities of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.[10]
Anthropology
The Berisha are Catholic.[2] As opposed to other tribes of Puka, the Berisha were a fis, a community aware of blood-ties and common history back to an ancestor.[2] According to Elsie, they were indeed the only tribe that developed from a common ancestor in the Dukagjin region south of the Drin.[2]
According to local tradition, the tribe's legendary ancestor is a Kol Poga, the son of Pog Murri and grandson of Murr Deti.[4] According to Konstantin Jireček, the ancestor of the Old Kuči, Grča Nenadin (a Mrnjavčević), would be an ancestor of the Berisha tribe.[11] There are Berisha who claim that they hail from Kuči and were originally Orthodox, while others claim that only a part of the Berisha originate from Kuči.[12] Marko Miljanov wrote that the Kuči and Berisha were "regarded close", allegedly because the Berisha ancestors settled from Kuči;[13] if not kin by blood, Montenegrin and Albanian tribes regarded closeness in original or home territory from where someone "came". Therefore, the Kuči were "kin" to Kastrati, Berisha and Klimenti because their distant ancestor once, ostensibly, settled from Kuči.[14] The Berisha tribe and the Vušović family from Velika (in Montenegro) are taken to be kin.[15][16] According to some stories the Arrnji tribe in Luma is an offshoot of the Berisha.[17]
It is one of seven tribes of the Pukë highland and one of twelve tribes mentioned in the Kanun.
The Berishë region in Pukë has 4 families, all named after sons of the tribe's ancestor: Tetaj (Alshiqe), Maroj, Deskaj, Doçaj.
Notable people
- By birth
- Sali Berisha, former president and prime-minister of Albania[2]
- Ndoc Mark Gega (1830–1907), Albanian rebel
- By descent
- Atifete Jahjaga, first female president of Kosovo[18]
- Ramush Haradinaj, former KLA leader and current prime-minister of Kosovo[19]
- Hasan Prishtina, former prime-minister of Albania[20]
- Ram Binaku, Kosovo Albanian freedom fighter
- Etrit Berisha, Kosovo Albanian footballer
- Besart Berisha, Albanian footballer
- Valon Berisha, Albanian footballer
- Anton Berisha, Albanian scholar and folklorist
- Bekim Berisha, Yugoslav wars veteran
- Rubim Rebisha, Visual Artist
See also
References
- ^ a b Elsie 2015, p. 183.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Elsie 2015, p. 184.
- ^ a b Elsie 2015, p. 6.
- ^ a b Elsie 2015, p. 185.
- ^ Edith Durham (1987). High Albania. LO Beacon Press. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-8070-7035-2. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
The people of Berisha and Merturi (the tribe on the other side of the Drin) claim to be the oldest tribes of the mountains
- ^ I. M. Lewis (1970). History and social anthropology. Taylor & Francis. p. 254. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
- ^ Miranda Vickers (1998). Between Serb and Albanian: a history of Kosovo. Hurst & Co. p. 50. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
The same British intelligence report cited above states that the small size of the district belonging to the Berisha tribe 'caused many to emigrate, particularly in the direction of Djakovica to the North-West, where they occupy many villages.
- ^ Bulletin of the Ethnographical Institute. Vol. 4–6. Naučno delo. 1957. p. 366.
У овим селима Берише славе "Велику Госпу", коју зову "Zoja e Berishes", или "Zoja e Alshiqes" (пошто су Алшићи најбројније Берише)
- ^ Elsie 2010, p. 48.
- ^ Dragi Maliković (2005). Kačački pokret na Kosovu i Metohiji: 1918–1924. Institut za srpsku kulturu. p. 140. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
цело албанско племе Бериша било устало против југословенских државних органа под вођством Азема Бејте
- ^ Konstantin Jireček (1923). Istorija Srba. Izdavačka knjižarnica G. Kona. p. 58. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
По предању, родоначелник Куча био је Грча Ненадин, од чијих пет синова, Петра, Ђурђа, Тиха, Леша и Мара потичу њихова братства. Праотац Кастрата је Крсто, а Шаљана Шако; обојица су тобоже били браћа нареченог Грчина, док би Берише били потомци баш самога Грче.
- ^ Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine. Balkanološki institut (1959). Djela. p. 96. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
Има Бериша који веле да су старином из Куча и да су били православни. Друти веле да је само један Део Бериша од Куча,
- ^ Miljanov, Marko (1967). Марко Миљанов целокупна дела/Сабрана дјела. Vol. II. p. 80.
- ^ Jovićević, Andrija (1923). Малесија. SANU. pp. 60–61. OCLC 635033682.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Никола Чупић (1898). Годишњица Николе Чупића. Штампа Државне штампарије Краљевине Југославије. p. 127. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
Исто се тако држе за једно племе Берише с Вушовићима из Велике.
- ^ Brastvo. Vol. 30. Društvo sv. Save. 1939. p. 129.
Тако, за једно се племе држе Берише и Вушовићи из Велике.
- ^ Sir John Linton Myres; Harold St. John Loyd Winterbotham; F. Longland (1945). Albania. Naval Intelligence Division. p. 156. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
ARRNJI, a tribe or clan in the Arrn district of Luma, said to be an offshoot of Berisha
- ^ . The Albanian http://www.thealbanian.co.uk/134225.html.
Pra 4 nga politikanët më të rëndësishëm jeni nga një zonë? Nga një zonë, por Ramizi nuk është Berishë, është nga Fshati Kasaj …Hasani dhe Jahjaga janë Berishë.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-07-05. Retrieved 2016-03-03.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-03-03.
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Sources
- Durham, Edith (1909). "High Albania". London: Edward Arnold.
{{cite web}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Elsie, Robert (2010) [2004]. Historical Dictionary Of Albania (PDF) (2nd ed.). Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-282-52192-6. OCLC 816372706. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-06.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Elsie, Robert (2015). The Tribes of Albania: History, Society and Culture. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-78453-401-1.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Etnografski institut (1967). Život i običaji narodni. Vol. 80. Etnografski institut.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Krasniqi, Mark (1984). Lugu i Baranit: monografi etno-gjeografike. Akademia e shkencave dhe e arteve e Kosovës.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Srpski etnografski zbornik [Serbian ethnographic series]. Vol. 90–91. SANU. 1976.
- Etnografski institut (1958). Zbornik radova Etnografskog instituta [Bulletin of the Ethnographical Institute]. Vol. 7–8. Naučno delo.
External links
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2016-03-03.
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