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Chienkosaurus no longer considered same as Szechuanosaurus
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==Discovery and species==
==Discovery and species==
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Three species have been assigned to this genus over the years. The [[type species]] is ''Szechuanosaurus campi'', named by [[Yang Zhongjian]] ("Chung Chien Young") in 1942 for four isolated tooth specimens: IVPP V235, two partial teeth; IVPP V236, a partial tooth; IVPP V238, several tooth fragments; and IVPP V239, a single tooth. The teeth form a [[syntype]] series and were not found together. Also a very fragmentary skeleton, specimen UCMP 32102, was referred to the genus by Yang.<ref>Young, C.C., 1942, "Fossil vertebrates from Kuangyuan, N. Szechuan, China", ''Bulletin of the Geological Society of China'', '''22''': 293-309</ref> Some of the teeth indicate a large body-size. These fossils, although possibly [[sinraptorid]], are now considered to be non-diagnostic, making ''S. campi'' a ''[[nomen dubium]]''.<ref>X.-C. Wu, P. J. Currie, Z. Dong, S. Pan, and T. Wang. 2009. A new theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Lufeng, Yunnan, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 83(1):9-24</ref><ref name=Brusatteetal10>Brusatte, S. L., Benson, R. B. J., and Xu, X. 2010. "The evolution of large-bodied theropod dinosaurs during the Mesozoic in Asia". ''[[Journal of Iberian Geology]]'', '''36''': 275-296</ref> The generic name refers to Szechuan. The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] honours the American paleontologist [[Charles Lewis Camp]] who had discovered UCMP 32102.<ref>Camp, C.L., 1935, "Dinosaur remains from the Province of Szechuan", ''Bulletin of the Department of Geology of the Univiversity of California'' '''23''': 467-471</ref>
[[File:Chienkosaurus ulna.jpg|thumb|left|Ulna of ''Chienkosaurus'' (=''Szechuanosaurus''?)]]
⚫
Three species have been assigned to this genus over the years. The [[type species]] is ''Szechuanosaurus campi'', named by [[Yang Zhongjian]] ("Chung Chien Young") in 1942 for four isolated tooth specimens: IVPP V235, two partial teeth; IVPP V236, a partial tooth; IVPP V238, several tooth fragments; and IVPP V239, a single tooth. The teeth form a [[syntype]] series and were not found together. Also a very fragmentary skeleton, specimen UCMP 32102, was by Yang listed as part of the type material.<ref>Young, C.C., 1942, "Fossil vertebrates from Kuangyuan, N. Szechuan, China", ''Bulletin of the Geological Society of China'', '''22''': 293-309</ref> Some of the teeth indicate a large body-size. These fossils, although possibly [[sinraptorid]], are now considered to be non-diagnostic, making ''S. campi'' a ''[[nomen dubium]]''.<ref name=Brusatteetal10>Brusatte, S. L., Benson, R. B. J., and Xu, X. 2010. "The evolution of large-bodied theropod dinosaurs during the Mesozoic in Asia". ''[[Journal of Iberian Geology]]'', '''36''': 275-296</ref> The generic name refers to Szechuan. The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] honours the American paleontologist [[Charles Lewis Camp]] who had discovered UCMP 32102.<ref>Camp, C.L., 1935, "Dinosaur remains from the Province of Szechuan", ''Bulletin of the Department of Geology of the Univiversity of California'' '''23''': 467-471</ref> ''S. campi'' is also sometimes reported to [[inclusion (taxonomy)|include]] ''Chienkosaurus ceratosauroides'', although some researchers still believe that the latter may yet prove to be a distinct species.


A partial skeleton, CV&nbsp;00214, was initially listed by Dong ''et al.'' (1978) in a faunal list as a new species of ''Szechuanosaurus'', ''Szechuanosaurus yandonensis''.<ref>Dong, Z., Chang, Li & Zhou, 1978, "Note on a new carnosaur ''Yanchuangosaurus shangyuanensis'' gen. et sp. nov.) from the Jurassic of Yangchuan District, Szechuan Province", ''Kexue Tongabao'' '''5''': 302-304</ref> At first, there was no description or illustration of it, making ''S. yandonensi'' at the time a ''[[nomen nudum]]''. Later, [[Dong Zhiming]] ''et alii'' (1983) described it, and assigned it to ''Szechuanosaurus campi''<ref>Dong, Z-M., Zhou, S., Zhang, Y. (1983): [The dinosaurian remains of Sichuan Basin, China]. Palaeontologica Sinica (new series C), 23: 1–145 [in Chinese with English summary].</ref> The affinities of this skeleton are uncertain, and it has only been briefly described. Holtz ''et al''. (2004) included it in their [[phylogeny|phylogenetic analysis]] and found it to be the most [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] [[Tetanurae|tetanuran]].<ref>Holtz, T.R., Molnar, R.E., Currie P.J. (2004): Basal Tetanurae. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, P., H. Osmólska (ed.), ''The Dinosauria'', 2nd edn. University of California Press, Berkeley, 71-110</ref> This individual was a medium-sized theropod, with an [[ischium]] (a pelvic bone) of {{convert|420|mm|in}}; for comparison, an ischium of ''[[Piatnitzkysaurus]]'' estimated to weigh {{convert|504|kg|lb}} is {{convert|423|mm|in}} long.<ref name=Brusatteetal10/> In 2000, [[Daniel Chure]] referred the specimen to "[[Szechuanoraptor]] dongi", itself an invalid ''nomen ex dissertatione''.<ref name="Chure2000"/> Carrano, Benson & Sampson (2012) synonymized it with ''[[Yangchuanosaurus]] shangyouensis'' from the same formation.<ref name=tetanurans2012/>
A partial skeleton, CV&nbsp;00214, was initially listed by Dong ''et al.'' (1978) in a faunal list as a new species of ''Szechuanosaurus'', ''Szechuanosaurus yandonensis''.<ref>Dong, Z., Chang, Li & Zhou, 1978, "Note on a new carnosaur ''Yanchuangosaurus shangyuanensis'' gen. et sp. nov.) from the Jurassic of Yangchuan District, Szechuan Province", ''Kexue Tongabao'' '''5''': 302-304</ref> At first, there was no description or illustration of it, making ''S. yandonensis'' at the time a ''[[nomen nudum]]''. Later, [[Dong Zhiming]] ''et alii'' (1983) described it, and assigned it to ''Szechuanosaurus campi''<ref>Dong, Z-M., Zhou, S., Zhang, Y. (1983): [The dinosaurian remains of Sichuan Basin, China]. Palaeontologica Sinica (new series C), 23: 1–145 [in Chinese with English summary].</ref> The affinities of this skeleton are uncertain, and it has only been briefly described. Holtz ''et al''. (2004) included it in their [[phylogeny|phylogenetic analysis]] and found it to be the most [[basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] [[Tetanurae|tetanuran]].<ref>Holtz, T.R., Molnar, R.E., Currie P.J. (2004): Basal Tetanurae. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, P., H. Osmólska (ed.), ''The Dinosauria'', 2nd edn. University of California Press, Berkeley, 71-110</ref> This individual was a medium-sized theropod, with an [[ischium]] (a pelvic bone) of {{convert|420|mm|in}}; for comparison, an ischium of ''[[Piatnitzkysaurus]]'' estimated to weigh {{convert|504|kg|lb}} is {{convert|423|mm|in}} long.<ref name=Brusatteetal10/> In 2000, [[Daniel Chure]] referred the specimen to "[[Szechuanoraptor]] dongi", itself an invalid ''nomen ex dissertatione''.<ref name="Chure2000"/> Carrano, Benson & Sampson (2012) synonymized it with ''[[Yangchuanosaurus]] shangyouensis'' from the same formation.<ref name=tetanurans2012/>


The third species is ''Szechuanosaurus zigongensis'', named by [[Gao Yuhui]] in 1993 for an almost complete skeleton, specimen ZDM 9011.<ref>Gao, Y., 1993, "A new species of ''Szechuanosaurus'' from the Middle Jurassic of Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichuan", ''Vertebrata PalAsiatica'' '''31'''(4): 308-314</ref> It is an older species, from the [[Middle Jurassic]], appearing to be distinct from the type species and therefore requires its own genus name.<ref name=Brusatteetal10/> It was reassigned to ''[[Yangchuanosaurus]]'', as a ''Yangchuanosaurus zigongensis'', by Matthew Carrano, Roger Benson & Scott Sampson in 2012.<ref name=tetanurans2012>{{Cite journal | last1 = Carrano | first1 = M. T. | last2 = Benson | first2 = R. B. J. | last3 = Sampson | first3 = S. D. | doi = 10.1080/14772019.2011.630927 | title = The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) | journal = Journal of Systematic Palaeontology | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | pages = 211–300| year = 2012 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref>
The third species is ''Szechuanosaurus zigongensis'', named by [[Gao Yuhui]] in 1993 for an almost complete skeleton, specimen ZDM 9011.<ref>Gao, Y., 1993, "A new species of ''Szechuanosaurus'' from the Middle Jurassic of Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichuan", ''Vertebrata PalAsiatica'' '''31'''(4): 308-314</ref> It is an older species, from the [[Middle Jurassic]], appearing to be distinct from the type species and therefore requires its own genus name.<ref name=Brusatteetal10/> It was reassigned to ''[[Yangchuanosaurus]]'', as a ''Yangchuanosaurus zigongensis'', by Matthew Carrano, Roger Benson & Scott Sampson in 2012.<ref name=tetanurans2012>{{Cite journal | last1 = Carrano | first1 = M. T. | last2 = Benson | first2 = R. B. J. | last3 = Sampson | first3 = S. D. | doi = 10.1080/14772019.2011.630927 | title = The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) | journal = Journal of Systematic Palaeontology | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | pages = 211–300| year = 2012 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref>

Revision as of 03:23, 13 August 2019

Szechuanosaurus
Temporal range: Late Jurassic, 160 Ma
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Szechuanosaurus at the Beijing Museum of Natural History
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Clade: Neotheropoda
Genus: †Szechuanosaurus
Young, 1942
Species
  • Szechuanosaurus campi Young, 1942 (type)

Szechuanosaurus ("Szechuan lizard") is an extinct [1] genus of carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic. Fossils referred to the genus have been found in China, Asia in the Oxfordian (Peng et al., 2005).[2] Its type species is largely based on several undiagnostic teeth from the Shangshaximiao Formation.

Discovery and species

Three species have been assigned to this genus over the years. The type species is Szechuanosaurus campi, named by Yang Zhongjian ("Chung Chien Young") in 1942 for four isolated tooth specimens: IVPP V235, two partial teeth; IVPP V236, a partial tooth; IVPP V238, several tooth fragments; and IVPP V239, a single tooth. The teeth form a syntype series and were not found together. Also a very fragmentary skeleton, specimen UCMP 32102, was referred to the genus by Yang.[3] Some of the teeth indicate a large body-size. These fossils, although possibly sinraptorid, are now considered to be non-diagnostic, making S. campi a nomen dubium.[4][5] The generic name refers to Szechuan. The specific name honours the American paleontologist Charles Lewis Camp who had discovered UCMP 32102.[6]

A partial skeleton, CV 00214, was initially listed by Dong et al. (1978) in a faunal list as a new species of Szechuanosaurus, Szechuanosaurus yandonensis.[7] At first, there was no description or illustration of it, making S. yandonensis at the time a nomen nudum. Later, Dong Zhiming et alii (1983) described it, and assigned it to Szechuanosaurus campi[8] The affinities of this skeleton are uncertain, and it has only been briefly described. Holtz et al. (2004) included it in their phylogenetic analysis and found it to be the most basal tetanuran.[9] This individual was a medium-sized theropod, with an ischium (a pelvic bone) of 420 millimetres (17 in); for comparison, an ischium of Piatnitzkysaurus estimated to weigh 504 kilograms (1,111 lb) is 423 millimetres (16.7 in) long.[5] In 2000, Daniel Chure referred the specimen to "Szechuanoraptor dongi", itself an invalid nomen ex dissertatione.[1] Carrano, Benson & Sampson (2012) synonymized it with Yangchuanosaurus shangyouensis from the same formation.[10]

The third species is Szechuanosaurus zigongensis, named by Gao Yuhui in 1993 for an almost complete skeleton, specimen ZDM 9011.[11] It is an older species, from the Middle Jurassic, appearing to be distinct from the type species and therefore requires its own genus name.[5] It was reassigned to Yangchuanosaurus, as a Yangchuanosaurus zigongensis, by Matthew Carrano, Roger Benson & Scott Sampson in 2012.[10]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Chure, D.J. (2000) A new species of Allosaurus from the Morrison Formation of Dinosaur National Monument (UT–CO) and a revision of the theropod family Allosauridae. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, New York
  2. ^ Peng, G.Z., Ye, Y., Gao, Y.H., Shu, C.K., Jiang, S. (2005): Jurassic dinosaur faunas in Zigong. Sichuan People’s Publishing House, 236 pp
  3. ^ Young, C.C., 1942, "Fossil vertebrates from Kuangyuan, N. Szechuan, China", Bulletin of the Geological Society of China, 22: 293-309
  4. ^ X.-C. Wu, P. J. Currie, Z. Dong, S. Pan, and T. Wang. 2009. A new theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Lufeng, Yunnan, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 83(1):9-24
  5. ^ a b c Brusatte, S. L., Benson, R. B. J., and Xu, X. 2010. "The evolution of large-bodied theropod dinosaurs during the Mesozoic in Asia". Journal of Iberian Geology, 36: 275-296
  6. ^ Camp, C.L., 1935, "Dinosaur remains from the Province of Szechuan", Bulletin of the Department of Geology of the Univiversity of California 23: 467-471
  7. ^ Dong, Z., Chang, Li & Zhou, 1978, "Note on a new carnosaur Yanchuangosaurus shangyuanensis gen. et sp. nov.) from the Jurassic of Yangchuan District, Szechuan Province", Kexue Tongabao 5: 302-304
  8. ^ Dong, Z-M., Zhou, S., Zhang, Y. (1983): [The dinosaurian remains of Sichuan Basin, China]. Palaeontologica Sinica (new series C), 23: 1–145 [in Chinese with English summary].
  9. ^ Holtz, T.R., Molnar, R.E., Currie P.J. (2004): Basal Tetanurae. In: D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, P., H. Osmólska (ed.), The Dinosauria, 2nd edn. University of California Press, Berkeley, 71-110
  10. ^ a b Carrano, M. T.; Benson, R. B. J.; Sampson, S. D. (2012). "The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (2): 211–300. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.630927.
  11. ^ Gao, Y., 1993, "A new species of Szechuanosaurus from the Middle Jurassic of Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichuan", Vertebrata PalAsiatica 31(4): 308-314

References

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