Varahran Kushanshah: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
mNo edit summary |
Cng isn't a reliable source, these are probably Kidarite coin if anything, and should belong in a Kidarite article. Also, what happened to the Kushans is irrelevant to an article about Varahran. Furthermore, please see Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images |
||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
'''Varahran I Kushanshah''' (also spelled '''Bahram'''), was the last [[Kushanshah]] of the [[Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom]] from 330 to 365. He was the successor of [[Peroz II Kushanshah]]. |
'''Varahran I Kushanshah''' (also spelled '''Bahram'''), was the last [[Kushanshah]] of the [[Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom]] from 330 to 365. He was the successor of [[Peroz II Kushanshah]]. |
||
== |
==Reign== |
||
Unlike his immediate predecessors, Varahran's domains only included [[Tukharistan]], as both [[Gandhara]] and [[Kabul]] had been incorporated into the [[Sasanian Empire]] by the Sasanian [[King of Kings]] [[Shapur II]] ({{reign|309|379}}).{{sfn|Rezakhani|2017|p=83}}{{sfn|Vaissière|2016}}{{sfn|Cribb|2010|p=109}} |
Unlike his immediate predecessors, Varahran's domains only included [[Tukharistan]], as both [[Gandhara]] and [[Kabul]] had been incorporated into the [[Sasanian Empire]] by the Sasanian [[King of Kings]] [[Shapur II]] ({{reign|309|379}}).{{sfn|Rezakhani|2017|p=83}}{{sfn|Vaissière|2016}}{{sfn|Cribb|2010|p=109}} Varahran I Kushanshah wears a distinctive crown on his coinage, which is flat-topped with a crown ball and [[florets]], and pearls or lotus petals as a decoration on the sides.{{sfn|Cribb|2010|p=99}}{{sfn|Cribb|2010|p=123}} Later ram horns were added for a brief period, and raised ribbons were added around the crown ball.{{sfn|Cribb|2010|p=123}}{{sfn|Cribb|2010|p=99}} |
||
Varahran I Kushanshah wears a distinctive crown on his coinage, which is flat-topped with a crown ball and [[florets]], and pearls or lotus petals as a decoration on the sides.{{sfn|Cribb|2010|p=99}}{{sfn|Cribb|2010|p=123}} Later ram horns were added for a brief period, and raised ribbons were added around the crown ball.{{sfn|Cribb|2010|p=123}}{{sfn|Cribb|2010|p=99}} |
|||
==Kidarite control== |
|||
In the second phase of his reign, the coinage of Varahran I minted in [[Balkh]] incorporated the Kidarite [[tamga]] ([[File:Kidarite_Tamga.png|15px]]) replacing the [[nandipada]] which had been in use since [[Vasudeva I]],{{sfn|Cribb|2010|p=99}} suggesting that the Kidarites had now taken control.{{sfn|Cribb|2018|p=23}} By 365, the [[Kidarite]] ruler [[Kidara I]] was placing his name on the coinage of the region, and assumed the title of Kushanshah.{{sfn|Cribb|2018|p=23}} In [[Gandhara]] too, the Kidarites minted silver coins in the name of Varahran, until Kidara also introduced his own name there.{{sfn|Cribb|2018|p=23}} |
In the second phase of his reign, the coinage of Varahran I minted in [[Balkh]] incorporated the Kidarite [[tamga]] ([[File:Kidarite_Tamga.png|15px]]) replacing the [[nandipada]] which had been in use since [[Vasudeva I]],{{sfn|Cribb|2010|p=99}} suggesting that the Kidarites had now taken control.{{sfn|Cribb|2018|p=23}} By 365, the [[Kidarite]] ruler [[Kidara I]] was placing his name on the coinage of the region, and assumed the title of Kushanshah.{{sfn|Cribb|2018|p=23}} In [[Gandhara]] too, the Kidarites minted silver coins in the name of Varahran, until Kidara also introduced his own name there.{{sfn|Cribb|2018|p=23}} |
||
<gallery widths="200px" heights="100px" perrow="4"> |
|||
File:Vahrām (Bahram) I Circa CE 330-365 struck with Kidarite tamga.jpg|thumb|left|A coin with the effigy and in the name of Vahrām (Bahram), struck with Kidarite [[tamga]] ([[File:Kidarite_Tamga.png|15px]]) next to the king. Legend in Bactrian ''bogo oorhromoo ozorkokoshokoshoho''. [[Balk]] mint, circa CE 330-365. |
|||
File:Vahrām (Bahram) I Circa CE 335-370 minted in Gandhara.jpg|Silver coinage of Varahran in Gandhara towards the end of this reign. [[Gandhara]] mint. The early Kidarites issued silver coinage in Gandhara in the name of Varahran.{{sfn|Cribb|2018|p=23}}{{sfn|Cribb|2010|p=123}} Circa CE 350-365. |
|||
File:Bahram of Gandhara circa 350-365 CE.jpg|Silver coinage of Varahran in Gandhara towards the of this reign (facing portrait). The early Kidarites issued silver coinage in Gandhara in the name of Varahran.{{sfn|Cribb|2018|p=23}}{{sfn|Cribb|2010|p=123}} Circa CE 350-365. |
|||
</gallery> |
|||
Meanwhile in the last [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] territories (central and western [[Punjab]]), the Kidarite rulers [[Kirada]] and [[Peroz III Kushanshah|Peroz]] were issuing their own coinage as well, on the model of the last Kushan ruler [[Kipunada]].{{sfn|Cribb|2018|p=23}} |
|||
{{clear}} |
|||
== References == |
== References == |
||
Revision as of 14:10, 23 September 2019
| Varahran I Kushanshah | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Kushanshah of the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom | |
| Reign | 330–365 |
| Predecessor | Peroz II Kushanshah |
| Successor | Kidara I (Kidarites) |
| Died | 365 |
| Religion | Zoroastrianism |
Varahran I Kushanshah (also spelled Bahram), was the last Kushanshah of the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom from 330 to 365. He was the successor of Peroz II Kushanshah.
Reign
Unlike his immediate predecessors, Varahran's domains only included Tukharistan, as both Gandhara and Kabul had been incorporated into the Sasanian Empire by the Sasanian King of Kings Shapur II (r. 309–379).[1][2][3] Varahran I Kushanshah wears a distinctive crown on his coinage, which is flat-topped with a crown ball and florets, and pearls or lotus petals as a decoration on the sides.[4][5] Later ram horns were added for a brief period, and raised ribbons were added around the crown ball.[5][4]
In the second phase of his reign, the coinage of Varahran I minted in Balkh incorporated the Kidarite tamga (
) replacing the nandipada which had been in use since Vasudeva I,[4] suggesting that the Kidarites had now taken control.[6] By 365, the Kidarite ruler Kidara I was placing his name on the coinage of the region, and assumed the title of Kushanshah.[6] In Gandhara too, the Kidarites minted silver coins in the name of Varahran, until Kidara also introduced his own name there.[6]
References
- ^ Rezakhani 2017, p. 83.
- ^ Vaissière 2016.
- ^ Cribb 2010, p. 109.
- ^ a b c Cribb 2010, p. 99.
- ^ a b Cribb 2010, p. 123.
- ^ a b c Cribb 2018, p. 23.
Sources
- Cribb, Joe (2018). Rienjang, Wannaporn; Stewart, Peter (eds.). Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art: Proceedings of the First International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 23rd-24th March, 2017. University of Oxford The Classical Art Research Centre Archaeopress. ISBN 978-1-78491-855-2.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
- Cribb, Joe (2010). Alram, M. (ed.). "The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence.pdf" (PDF). Coins, Art and Chronology II: 91–146.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Daryaee, Touraj; Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). "The Sasanian Empire". In Daryaee, Touraj (ed.). King of the Seven Climes: A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE - 651 CE). UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies. pp. 1–236. ISBN 978-0-692-86440-1.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Rapp, Stephen H. (2014). The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature. London: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4724-2552-2.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Payne, Richard (2016). "The Making of Turan: The Fall and Transformation of the Iranian East in Late Antiquity". Journal of Late Antiquity. 9. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press: 4–41.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–256. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) (registration required) - Vaissière, Étienne de La (2016). "Kushanshahs i. History". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
