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===Varieties===
===Varieties===
*''Lilium philadelphicum'' var. ''andinum''—western wood lily, native to [[Midwestern U.S.]], [[Great Plains]], and [[Western U.S.]] regions.<ref>{{NPIN|LIPHA|Lilium philadelphicum}}</ref> It is the floral emblem of [[Saskatchewan]] province in Canada, and is on the [[flag of Saskatchewan]].<ref name=SKGH>{{cite web|title=Government House Gardens Showcase Western Red Lily |url=http://www.gov.sk.ca/news?newsId=864f93b3-c3ac-4043-92ed-a2e87bea2507 |publisher=Government of Saskatchewan |date=2005-07-21 |accessdate=2008-07-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611012230/http://www.gov.sk.ca/news?newsId=864f93b3-c3ac-4043-92ed-a2e87bea2507 |archivedate=2011-06-11 }}</ref><ref name = "OPS">{{cite web | title = Saskatchewan's Provincial Flower | url = http://www.ops.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=4265786e-9990-4a67-8dec-67cb3cc96849 | publisher = Government of Saskatchewan | accessdate = 2008-07-09}}, designated in 1941.</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Saskatchewan | publisher = Government of Canada | date = 2013-08-20 | url = http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1363290315306 | accessdate = 2015-07-18 }}</ref>
*''Lilium philadelphicum'' var. ''andinum''—western wood lily, native to [[Midwestern U.S.]], [[Great Plains]], and [[Western U.S.]] regions.<ref>{{NPIN|LIPHA|Lilium philadelphicum}}</ref> It is the floral emblem of the province of [[Saskatchewan]] in Canada, and is on the [[flag of Saskatchewan]].<ref name=SKGH>{{cite web|title=Government House Gardens Showcase Western Red Lily |url=http://www.gov.sk.ca/news?newsId=864f93b3-c3ac-4043-92ed-a2e87bea2507 |publisher=Government of Saskatchewan |date=2005-07-21 |accessdate=2008-07-09 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611012230/http://www.gov.sk.ca/news?newsId=864f93b3-c3ac-4043-92ed-a2e87bea2507 |archivedate=2011-06-11 }}</ref><ref name = "OPS">{{cite web | title = Saskatchewan's Provincial Flower | url = http://www.ops.gov.sk.ca/Default.aspx?DN=4265786e-9990-4a67-8dec-67cb3cc96849 | publisher = Government of Saskatchewan | accessdate = 2008-07-09}}, designated in 1941.</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Saskatchewan | publisher = Government of Canada | date = 2013-08-20 | url = http://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1363290315306 | accessdate = 2015-07-18 }}</ref>


==Conservation==
==Conservation==
''Lilium philadelphicum'' is listed as an [[endangered species]] in [[Maryland]], [[New Mexico]], [[Tennessee]] and [[North Carolina]].<ref name = USDA /><ref name = NC>{{cite web |title = Endangered Plants of North Carolina | url = http://ncnatural.com/wildflwr/endangrd.html#L | publisher = North Carolina Natural | date = February 2000 | accessdate = 2008-07-09}}</ref> Its status is a [[threatened species]] in [[Kentucky]] and [[Ohio]].<ref name = USDA />
''Lilium philadelphicum'' is listed as an [[endangered species]] in [[Maryland]], [[New Mexico]], [[Tennessee]] and [[North Carolina]].<ref name = USDA /><ref name = NC>{{cite web |title = Endangered Plants of North Carolina | url = http://ncnatural.com/wildflwr/endangrd.html#L | publisher = North Carolina Natural | date = February 2000 | accessdate = 2008-07-09}}</ref> Its status is a [[threatened species]] in [[Kentucky]] and [[Ohio]].<ref name = USDA />


As the [[Saskatchewan]] provincial [[floral emblem]] it is protected under the Provincial Emblems and Honours Act, and cannot be picked, uprooted or destroyed in any manner.<ref name = "OPS"/><ref name = SKGH />
As the [[Saskatchewan]] provincial [[floral emblem]], it is protected under the Provincial Emblems and Honours Act, and cannot be picked, uprooted or destroyed in any manner.<ref name = "OPS"/><ref name = SKGH />


==Toxicity==
==Toxicity==

Revision as of 18:57, 9 December 2019

Wood lily
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Liliales
Family:
Liliaceae
Genus:
Lilium
Species:
L. philadelphicum
Binomial name
Lilium philadelphicum
Synonyms[1]
  • Lilium andinum Nutt.
  • Lilium masseyi Hyams
  • Lilium montanum A.Nelson
  • Lilium lanceolatum T.J.Fitzp.
  • Lilium umbellatum Pursh
  • Lilium wansharicum Duch.

Lilium philadelphicum, also known as the wood lily, Philadelphia lily, prairie lily, or western red lily, is a perennial species of lily native to North America.[2]

Distribution

The plant is widely distributed in much of Canada from British Columbia to Quebec, and parts of the United States (Northeast and Great Lakes regions plus the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains).[3][4]

Description

Lilium philadelphicum grows to a height of approximately 30 to 90 centimeters. It produces red or orange blooms between June and August.[5]

Varieties

Conservation

Lilium philadelphicum is listed as an endangered species in Maryland, New Mexico, Tennessee and North Carolina.[3][10] Its status is a threatened species in Kentucky and Ohio.[3]

As the Saskatchewan provincial floral emblem, it is protected under the Provincial Emblems and Honours Act, and cannot be picked, uprooted or destroyed in any manner.[8][7]

Toxicity

Cats are extremely sensitive to lily toxicity and ingestion is often fatal.[11][12][13] Households and gardens that are visited by cats are strongly advised against keeping this plant or placing dried flowers where a cat may brush against them and become dusted with pollen that they then consume while cleaning.[14] Suspected cases require urgent veterinary attention.[15]

Rapid treatment with activated charcoal and/or induced vomiting can reduce the amount of toxin absorbed (this is time-sensitive so in some cases vets may advise doing it at home), and large amounts of fluid by IV can reduce damage to kidneys to increase the chances of survival.[15]

Traditional uses

The bulbs were eaten by some Native Americans.[16]

  • Flower with foliage
    Flower with foliage
  • Side view of flower
    Side view of flower
  • Immature flower
    Immature flower
  • Rare yellow form in Logan County, North Dakota, USA
    Rare yellow form in Logan County, North Dakota, USA

References

  1. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ Skinner, Mark W. (2002). "Lilium philadelphicum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  3. ^ a b c USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "​Lilium philadelphicum​". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
  4. ^ "Lilium philadelphicum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  5. ^ "Plant detail: Lilium philadelphicum". Evergreen. 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
  6. ^ "Lilium philadelphicum". Native Plant Database. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas at Austin.
  7. ^ a b "Government House Gardens Showcase Western Red Lily". Government of Saskatchewan. 2005-07-21. Archived from the original on 2011-06-11. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
  8. ^ a b "Saskatchewan's Provincial Flower". Government of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 2008-07-09., designated in 1941.
  9. ^ "Saskatchewan". Government of Canada. 2013-08-20. Retrieved 2015-07-18.
  10. ^ "Endangered Plants of North Carolina". North Carolina Natural. February 2000. Retrieved 2008-07-09.
  11. ^ Frequently Asked Questions No Lilies For Cats.
  12. ^ Fitzgerald, KT (2010). "Lily toxicity in the cat". Top Companion Anim Med. 25: 213–7. doi:10.1053/j.tcam.2010.09.006. PMID 21147474.
  13. ^ Lilies Pet Poison Helpline.
  14. ^ The Valentine bouquet that killed my cats: Mother's Day warning on lethal lilies Daily Mail.
  15. ^ a b Lily Poisoning in Cats. Pet MD.
  16. ^ Niering, William A.; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) [1979]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region. Knopf. p. 602. ISBN 0-394-50432-1.
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