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'''Jawar Mohammed''' ({{lang-om|Jawaar Mahaammad}}, born 12 May 1986) is an Ethiopian-born American political analyst and activist.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://africatimes.com/2017/12/07/report-ethiopia-continues-malware-attacks-on-dissidents-in-other-countries/ |title=Report: Ethiopia continues malware attacks on dissidents in other countries |website=africatimes.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/prominent-activist-challenge-ethiopian-pm-2020-election-191025154446076.html |title=Prominent activist may challenge Ethiopian PM in 2020 election |website=aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gardiner |first1=Tom |title=Jawar Mohammed's red-carpet return signals Ethiopia's political sea change |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/aug/20/jawar-mohammed-return-ethiopia-political-change-oromo |accessdate=25 September 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=20 August 2018 |quote=Few doubt the importance of Jawar in recent Ethiopian history. Perhaps more than any other single individual, he took the once-marginal politics of Oromo nationalism and made it mainstream.}}</ref> One of the founders of the [[Oromia Media Network]], Jawar was a leading organizer of the [[2016 Ethiopian protests]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gardiner |first1=Tom |title=Jawar Mohammed's red-carpet return signals Ethiopia's political sea change |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/aug/20/jawar-mohammed-return-ethiopia-political-change-oromo |accessdate=25 September 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=20 August 2018 |quote=Few doubt the importance of Jawar in recent Ethiopian history. Perhaps more than any other single individual, he took the once-marginal politics of Oromo nationalism and made it mainstream.}}</ref> and the key intellectual inspiration for the International Oromo Youth Association (National Youth Movement for Freedom and Democracy), popularly known as [[Qeerroo]] ("Youth"). With 1.75 million Facebook followers, he is a popular figure amongst many [[Oromo people|Oromos]] and [[sidama| sidamas]], but has also been a controversial man."<ref name="NPR">{{cite news |last1=Peralta |first1=Eyder |title=How An Exiled Activist In Minnesota Helped Spur Big Political Changes In Ethiopia |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/672196480/how-an-exiled-activist-in-minnesota-helped-spur-big-political-changes-in-ethiopi |accessdate=18 October 2019 |work=[[NPR News]] |date=December 6, 2018|quote=At 32, with a mischievous smile and a round, boyish face, he keeps the air of a startup CEO, but Jawar is without a doubt the most controversial man in Ethiopia.}}</ref><ref name=“veconomist” >{{cite news|author=|title= Ethnic violence threatens to tear Ethiopia apart|url= https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2019/11/02/ethnic-violence-threatens-to-tear-ethiopia-apart|work=[[The Economist]]|date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
'''Jawar Mohammed''' ({{lang-om|Jawaar Mahaammad}}, born 12 May 1986) is an Ethiopian-born American political analyst and activist.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://africatimes.com/2017/12/07/report-ethiopia-continues-malware-attacks-on-dissidents-in-other-countries/ |title=Report: Ethiopia continues malware attacks on dissidents in other countries |website=africatimes.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/prominent-activist-challenge-ethiopian-pm-2020-election-191025154446076.html |title=Prominent activist may challenge Ethiopian PM in 2020 election |website=aljazeera.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gardiner |first1=Tom |title=Jawar Mohammed's red-carpet return signals Ethiopia's political sea change |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/aug/20/jawar-mohammed-return-ethiopia-political-change-oromo |accessdate=25 September 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=20 August 2018 |quote=Few doubt the importance of Jawar in recent Ethiopian history. Perhaps more than any other single individual, he took the once-marginal politics of Oromo nationalism and made it mainstream.}}</ref> One of the founders of the [[Oromia Media Network]], Jawar was a leading organizer of the [[2016 Ethiopian protests]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gardiner |first1=Tom |title=Jawar Mohammed's red-carpet return signals Ethiopia's political sea change |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/aug/20/jawar-mohammed-return-ethiopia-political-change-oromo |accessdate=25 September 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=20 August 2018 |quote=Few doubt the importance of Jawar in recent Ethiopian history. Perhaps more than any other single individual, he took the once-marginal politics of Oromo nationalism and made it mainstream.}}</ref> and the key intellectual inspiration for the International Oromo Youth Association (National Youth Movement for Freedom and Democracy), popularly known as [[Qeerroo]] ("Youth"). With 1.75 million Facebook followers, he is a popular figure amongst many [[Oromo people|Oromos]] and [[sidama| sidamas]]; However, he has been a controversial.<ref name="Ethiomedia_Jawar">{{cite news |last1=Borago |first1=Teshome |title=JAWAR: from Oromo radical to Ethiopia's leader |url=https://ethiomedia.com/2018/08/19/jawar-from-oromo-radical-to-ethiopias-leader/ |accessdate=26 September 2018 |work=Ethiomedia |date=19 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="NPR">{{cite news |last1=Peralta |first1=Eyder |title=How An Exiled Activist In Minnesota Helped Spur Big Political Changes In Ethiopia |url=https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/672196480/how-an-exiled-activist-in-minnesota-helped-spur-big-political-changes-in-ethiopi |accessdate=18 October 2019 |work=[[NPR News]] |date=December 6, 2018|quote=At 32, with a mischievous smile and a round, boyish face, he keeps the air of a startup CEO, but Jawar is without a doubt the most controversial man in Ethiopia.}}</ref><ref name=“veconomist” >{{cite news|author=|title= Ethnic violence threatens to tear Ethiopia apart|url= https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2019/11/02/ethnic-violence-threatens-to-tear-ethiopia-apart|work=[[The Economist]]|date=2 November 2019}}</ref>


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Line 23: Line 23:
==Activism==
==Activism==
[[File:Dandii Jawaar Jawar Street.jpg|thumb|A street was named after Jawar Mohammed in [[Asella]] in which he in surprise commenced the ceremony.]]
[[File:Dandii Jawaar Jawar Street.jpg|thumb|A street was named after Jawar Mohammed in [[Asella]] in which he in surprise commenced the ceremony.]]
In 2006, while a student at Stanford, Jawar founded the International Oromo Youth Association (IOYA), intended to serve as an umbrella organization for Oromo youth groups around the world. The IOYA has engaged in advocacy in front of United Nations bodies in [[Geneva]] and held demonstrations to protest Ethiopian government policy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rally in D.C. for Oromo rights |url=http://www.employees.csbsju.edu/swthomas/OromoRally.htm |accessdate=25 September 2018 |date=April 3, 2007}}</ref><ref name="OPride_IOYA">{{cite news |title=IOYA shines spotlight on child rights abuses in Ethiopia |url=https://www.opride.com/2014/10/01/ioya-shines-spotlight-on-child-right-abuses-in-ethiopia/ |accessdate=25 September 2018 |work=OPride |date=1 October 2014}}</ref> Jawar first gained prominence as a writer and speaker on Oromo and Ethiopian politics, chiefly amongst the US-based diaspora.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Abichu |first1=Siban |title=Where is the Oromo Youth? |url=https://www.opride.com/2010/05/21/where-is-the-oromo-youth/ |accessdate=26 September 2018 |work=OPride |date=May 21, 2010 |quote=However, I believe that youth like Jawar Siraj Mohammed, might be a hope in the future. Certainly, Jawar is a rising star Oromo young man of this time.}}</ref> He was a notable critic of the [[Oromo Liberation Front]] and their perceived failure to effect meaningful political change in Ethiopia or to advance Oromo interests.<ref name="AllAboutEthio_Bio" />
In 2006, while a student at Stanford, Jawar founded the International Oromo Youth Association (IOYA), intended to serve as an umbrella organization for Oromo youth groups around the world. The IOYA has engaged in advocacy in front of United Nations bodies in [[Geneva]] and held demonstrations to protest Ethiopian government policy.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rally in D.C. for Oromo rights |url=http://www.employees.csbsju.edu/swthomas/OromoRally.htm |accessdate=25 September 2018 |date=April 3, 2007}}</ref><ref name="OPride_IOYA">{{cite news |title=IOYA shines spotlight on child rights abuses in Ethiopia |url=https://www.opride.com/2014/10/01/ioya-shines-spotlight-on-child-right-abuses-in-ethiopia/ |accessdate=25 September 2018 |work=OPride |date=1 October 2014}}</ref> Jawar first gained prominence as a writer and speaker on Oromo and Ethiopian politics, chiefly amongst the US-based diaspora.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Abichu |first1=Siban |title=Where is the Oromo Youth? |url=https://www.opride.com/2010/05/21/where-is-the-oromo-youth/ |accessdate=26 September 2018 |work=OPride |date=May 21, 2010 |quote=However, I believe that youth like Jawar Siraj Mohammed, might be a hope in the future. Certainly, Jawar is a rising star Oromo young man of this time.}}</ref> He was a notable critic of the [[Oromo Liberation Front]] and their perceived failure to effect meaningful political change in Ethiopia or to advance Oromo interests.<ref name="AllAboutEthio_Bio" /> He has been an important political coordinator for the [[Qeerroo]] youth movement, even in exile.<ref name="Guardian_Qeerroo">{{cite news |last1=Gardiner |first1=Tom |title='Freedom!': the mysterious movement that brought Ethiopia to a standstill |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/mar/13/freedom-oromo-activists-qeerroo-ethiopia-standstill |accessdate=26 September 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 March 2018 |quote=He highlights, in particular, the work of Jawar Mohammed, the controversial founder of the Minnesota-based Oromia Media Network (which is banned in Ethiopia), in amplifying the voice of the Qeerroo even when internet is down. '[Jawar] gives us political analyses and advice,' Haile explains. 'He can get access to information even from inside the government, which he shares with the Qeerroos. We evaluate it and then decide whether to act on it.'}}</ref>


After his interview with [[Aljazeera]], in which he replied "I am Oromo first" for the question "Are you Oromo first or Ethiopian first?" Although his answer was a view of millions of Oromos, the so called "Ethiopianists" have started campaign and requested [[Aljazeera]] to fire the journalist. <ref>{{cite news|website=bbc.com|url=https://www.bbc.com/afaanoromoo/44683184|title=Jawaar Mohammad maaliif biyyatti deebi'a?|trans-title=Why Jawar back to the country?}}</ref> They demonized and defamed him and alleged he had ties with global jihadists.
Jawar has been an important political coordinator for the [[Qeerroo]] youth movement, even in exile.<ref name="Guardian_Qeerroo">{{cite news |last1=Gardiner |first1=Tom |title='Freedom!': the mysterious movement that brought Ethiopia to a standstill |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2018/mar/13/freedom-oromo-activists-qeerroo-ethiopia-standstill |accessdate=26 September 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=13 March 2018 |quote=He highlights, in particular, the work of Jawar Mohammed, the controversial founder of the Minnesota-based Oromia Media Network (which is banned in Ethiopia), in amplifying the voice of the Qeerroo even when internet is down. '[Jawar] gives us political analyses and advice,' Haile explains. 'He can get access to information even from inside the government, which he shares with the Qeerroos. We evaluate it and then decide whether to act on it.'}}</ref> However, he has been controversial.<ref name="Ethiomedia_Jawar">{{cite news |last1=Borago |first1=Teshome |title=JAWAR: from Oromo radical to Ethiopia's leader |url=https://ethiomedia.com/2018/08/19/jawar-from-oromo-radical-to-ethiopias-leader/ |accessdate=26 September 2018 |work=Ethiomedia |date=19 August 2018}}</ref><ref>Gardiner (2018). "He and Abiy both dismiss the assumption, widespread in Ethiopia, that Jawar remote-controls the protests."</ref> After his interview with Aljazeera TV in July 2013, when he replied "I am Oromo first" for the question of the journalist that went "Are you Oromo first or Ethiopian firs?", the so called "Ethiopianists" have started demonizing and defaming him while his answer was a view of millions of Oromos.<ref>{{cite news|website=bbc.com|url=https://www.bbc.com/afaanoromoo/44683184|title=Jawaar Mohammad maaliif biyyatti deebi'a?|trans-title=Why Jawar back to the country?}}</ref> They accused him as if he had ties with global jihadists although no evidence confirmed this claim.
Following his return to Ethiopia in 2018, the "Ethiopiansists" continued to accuse him of stoking inter-ethnic tensions and mob violence.<ref name="NPR" /> When the [[Burayu Conflict]] happend in September 2018, Jawar claimed that 43 Oromos had been killed in the Addis Ababa neighborhood of Saris Abo, but police didn't pursue the due investigations.<ref name="st1918">{{cite news |title=Jawar Mohammed must reveal names of 43 people he claimed were killed in Saris area |url=https://www.soderetube.com/2018/09/jawar-mohammed-must-reveal/ |accessdate=6 August 2019 |work=SodereTube |date=19 September 2018}}</ref>
Following his return to Ethiopia in 2018, the "Ethiopiansists" continued to accuse him of stoking inter-ethnic tensions and mob violence in [[Burayu]] perpetrated by Ginbot 7.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://kichuu.com/ezema-is-a-federalist-party-comments-on-dr-berhanu-negas-speech-in-adama/|title=EZEMA is a Federalist Party? Comments on Dr. Berhanu Nega’s Speech in Adama}}</ref><ref name="NPR" /> When the [[Burayu Conflict]] happend in September 2018, Jawar claimed that 43 Oromos had been killed in the Addis Ababa neighborhood of Saris Abo, but police didn't pursue the due investigations.<ref name="st1918">{{cite news |title=Jawar Mohammed must reveal names of 43 people he claimed were killed in Saris area |url=https://www.soderetube.com/2018/09/jawar-mohammed-must-reveal/ |accessdate=6 August 2019 |work=SodereTube |date=19 September 2018}}</ref>


In October 2019, he reported that, late at night, members of the police had attempted to force his security detail to vacate the grounds of his home in [[Addis Ababa]]; alleging they planned to later mobilize a mob and intimating they were doing so at the behest of Prime Minister [[Abiy Ahmed]]. The previous day, the prime minister gave a speech in parliament in which he accused "media owners who don’t have Ethiopian passports" of "playing it both ways," a thinly-veiled reference to Jawar, adding that "if this is going to undermine the peace and existence of Ethiopia... we will take measures."<ref name="NYT1024">{{cite news |last1=Dahir |first1=Abdi Latif |title=Protests in Ethiopia Threaten to Mar Image of Its Nobel-Winning Leader |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/23/world/africa/ethiopia-protest-abiy.html |accessdate=24 October 2019 |work=[[New York Times]] |date=24 October 2019}}</ref><ref name="reuters2410">{{cite news |last1=Tiksa |first1=Negeri |title=Ethiopia activist calls for calm after 16 killed in clashes |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ethiopia-politics/hundreds-gathered-outside-house-of-ethiopian-activist-after-deadly-day-of-protests-idUSKBN1X3118 |accessdate=24 October 2019 |agency=Reuters |date=24 October 2019}}</ref> The reports sparked [[2019 Ethiopian clashes|nationwide clashes]] by the Qeerroo, leaving at least 67 people dead, including five police officers.<ref name="npr1024">{{cite news |last1=Peralta |first1=Eyder |last2=Dwyer |first2=Colin |title=Nobel Peace Prize Winner Faces Protests After Activist's Late-Night Standoff |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/10/23/772629107/nobel-peace-prize-winner-faces-protests-after-activists-late-night-standoff |accessdate=24 October 2019 |work=[[NPR]] |date=24 October 2019}}</ref><ref name="trt1025">{{cite news |title=Anti-government protests leave 67 dead in Ethiopia - police |url=https://www.trtworld.com/africa/anti-government-protests-leave-67-dead-in-ethiopia-police-30850 |accessdate=26 October 2019 |work=[[TRT World]] |date=25 October 2019}}</ref> After weeks of clashes had ended, Abiy said the death toll had risen to 86, included 50 [[Oromo people|Oromo]], 20 [[Amhara people|Amhara]], 8 [[gamo people|gamo]], 2 silte, 2 Hadiya, 1 [[Guraghe]], 1 Argobbaa and 1 of unknown ethnicity. Of the 86 reportedly killed, 82 were men, and four were women.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/afaanoromoo/oduu-50285463|website=bbcafaanoromoo.com|title=Ibsa MM Itoophiyaa Abiy Ahimad: Lakkoofsi namoota lubbuu dhabanii 86 gahe}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ethiopia-politics/ethiopia-pm-abiy-says-death-toll-from-recent-protests-rises-to-86-idUSKBN1XD0F6|title=Ethiopia PM Abiy says death toll from recent protests rises to 86|website=reuters.com}}</ref>
In October 2019, he reported that, late at night, members of the police had attempted to force his security detail to vacate the grounds of his home in [[Addis Ababa]]; alleging they planned to later mobilize a mob and intimating they were doing so at the behest of Prime Minister [[Abiy Ahmed]]. The previous day, the prime minister gave a speech in parliament in which he accused "media owners who don’t have Ethiopian passports" of "playing it both ways," a thinly-veiled reference to Jawar, adding that "if this is going to undermine the peace and existence of Ethiopia... we will take measures."<ref name="NYT1024">{{cite news |last1=Dahir |first1=Abdi Latif |title=Protests in Ethiopia Threaten to Mar Image of Its Nobel-Winning Leader |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/23/world/africa/ethiopia-protest-abiy.html |accessdate=24 October 2019 |work=[[New York Times]] |date=24 October 2019}}</ref><ref name="reuters2410">{{cite news |last1=Tiksa |first1=Negeri |title=Ethiopia activist calls for calm after 16 killed in clashes |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ethiopia-politics/hundreds-gathered-outside-house-of-ethiopian-activist-after-deadly-day-of-protests-idUSKBN1X3118 |accessdate=24 October 2019 |agency=Reuters |date=24 October 2019}}</ref> The reports sparked [[2019 Ethiopian clashes|nationwide clashes]] by the Qeerroo, leaving at least 67 people dead, including five police officers.<ref name="npr1024">{{cite news |last1=Peralta |first1=Eyder |last2=Dwyer |first2=Colin |title=Nobel Peace Prize Winner Faces Protests After Activist's Late-Night Standoff |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/10/23/772629107/nobel-peace-prize-winner-faces-protests-after-activists-late-night-standoff |accessdate=24 October 2019 |work=[[NPR]] |date=24 October 2019}}</ref><ref name="trt1025">{{cite news |title=Anti-government protests leave 67 dead in Ethiopia - police |url=https://www.trtworld.com/africa/anti-government-protests-leave-67-dead-in-ethiopia-police-30850 |accessdate=26 October 2019 |work=[[TRT World]] |date=25 October 2019}}</ref> After weeks of clashes had ended, Abiy said the death toll had risen to 86, included 50 [[Oromo people|Oromo]], 20 [[Amhara people|Amhara]], 8 [[gamo people|gamo]], 2 silte, 2 Hadiya, 1 [[Guraghe]], 1 Argobbaa and 1 of unknown ethnicity. Of the 86 reportedly killed, 82 were men, and four were women.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/afaanoromoo/oduu-50285463|website=bbcafaanoromoo.com|title=Ibsa MM Itoophiyaa Abiy Ahimad: Lakkoofsi namoota lubbuu dhabanii 86 gahe}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ethiopia-politics/ethiopia-pm-abiy-says-death-toll-from-recent-protests-rises-to-86-idUSKBN1XD0F6|title=Ethiopia PM Abiy says death toll from recent protests rises to 86|website=reuters.com}}</ref>

Revision as of 02:21, 2 January 2020

Jawar Mohammed
Born
Jawar Siraj Mohammed

(1986-05-12) 12 May 1986 (age 38)
Dumuga, Hararghe, Oromia, Ethiopia
EducationStanford University (B.A.)
Columbia University (M.A.)
OccupationActivist[1][2][3]
Political partyQeerroo: International Oromo Youth Association
Spouse
Arfasse Gemeda
​
(m. 2009)​
Children1

Jawar Mohammed (Oromo: Jawaar Mahaammad, born 12 May 1986) is an Ethiopian-born American political analyst and activist.[4][5][6] One of the founders of the Oromia Media Network, Jawar was a leading organizer of the 2016 Ethiopian protests[7] and the key intellectual inspiration for the International Oromo Youth Association (National Youth Movement for Freedom and Democracy), popularly known as Qeerroo ("Youth"). With 1.75 million Facebook followers, he is a popular figure amongst many Oromos and sidamas; However, he has been a controversial.[8][9][10]

Early life and education

Jawar Mohammed was born on 12 May 1986[11] in the small town of Dumuga (Oromo: Dhummugaa) on the border of the former Arsi and Hararghe provinces.[12] His father was Muslim while his mother was an Orthodox Christian; their inter-religious union was considered novel but was ultimately accepted by the community.[12]

Jawar began his formal education at a Catholic school in Asella. He then attended secondary school in Adama until 2003, when he was awarded a scholarship to study at the United World College of South East Asia in Singapore, from which he graduated in 2005. He described his experience at the UWC as awakening his consciousness to his own Oromo identity.[12] He then studied at Stanford University, graduating in 2009 with a degree in political science. He went on to pursue graduate studies in human rights at Columbia University, receiving a master's degree in 2013.[12]

Activism

A street was named after Jawar Mohammed in Asella in which he in surprise commenced the ceremony.

In 2006, while a student at Stanford, Jawar founded the International Oromo Youth Association (IOYA), intended to serve as an umbrella organization for Oromo youth groups around the world. The IOYA has engaged in advocacy in front of United Nations bodies in Geneva and held demonstrations to protest Ethiopian government policy.[13][14] Jawar first gained prominence as a writer and speaker on Oromo and Ethiopian politics, chiefly amongst the US-based diaspora.[15] He was a notable critic of the Oromo Liberation Front and their perceived failure to effect meaningful political change in Ethiopia or to advance Oromo interests.[12] He has been an important political coordinator for the Qeerroo youth movement, even in exile.[16]

After his interview with Aljazeera, in which he replied "I am Oromo first" for the question "Are you Oromo first or Ethiopian first?" Although his answer was a view of millions of Oromos, the so called "Ethiopianists" have started campaign and requested Aljazeera to fire the journalist. [17] They demonized and defamed him and alleged he had ties with global jihadists.

Following his return to Ethiopia in 2018, the "Ethiopiansists" continued to accuse him of stoking inter-ethnic tensions and mob violence in Burayu perpetrated by Ginbot 7.[18][9] When the Burayu Conflict happend in September 2018, Jawar claimed that 43 Oromos had been killed in the Addis Ababa neighborhood of Saris Abo, but police didn't pursue the due investigations.[19]

In October 2019, he reported that, late at night, members of the police had attempted to force his security detail to vacate the grounds of his home in Addis Ababa; alleging they planned to later mobilize a mob and intimating they were doing so at the behest of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. The previous day, the prime minister gave a speech in parliament in which he accused "media owners who don’t have Ethiopian passports" of "playing it both ways," a thinly-veiled reference to Jawar, adding that "if this is going to undermine the peace and existence of Ethiopia... we will take measures."[20][21] The reports sparked nationwide clashes by the Qeerroo, leaving at least 67 people dead, including five police officers.[22][23] After weeks of clashes had ended, Abiy said the death toll had risen to 86, included 50 Oromo, 20 Amhara, 8 gamo, 2 silte, 2 Hadiya, 1 Guraghe, 1 Argobbaa and 1 of unknown ethnicity. Of the 86 reportedly killed, 82 were men, and four were women.[24][25]

References

  1. ^ "Report: Ethiopia continues malware attacks on dissidents in other countries". africatimes.com.
  2. ^ "Prominent activist may challenge Ethiopian PM in 2020 election". aljazeera.com.
  3. ^ Gardiner, Tom (20 August 2018). "Jawar Mohammed's red-carpet return signals Ethiopia's political sea change". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 September 2018. Few doubt the importance of Jawar in recent Ethiopian history. Perhaps more than any other single individual, he took the once-marginal politics of Oromo nationalism and made it mainstream.
  4. ^ "Report: Ethiopia continues malware attacks on dissidents in other countries". africatimes.com.
  5. ^ "Prominent activist may challenge Ethiopian PM in 2020 election". aljazeera.com.
  6. ^ Gardiner, Tom (20 August 2018). "Jawar Mohammed's red-carpet return signals Ethiopia's political sea change". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 September 2018. Few doubt the importance of Jawar in recent Ethiopian history. Perhaps more than any other single individual, he took the once-marginal politics of Oromo nationalism and made it mainstream.
  7. ^ Gardiner, Tom (20 August 2018). "Jawar Mohammed's red-carpet return signals Ethiopia's political sea change". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 September 2018. Few doubt the importance of Jawar in recent Ethiopian history. Perhaps more than any other single individual, he took the once-marginal politics of Oromo nationalism and made it mainstream.
  8. ^ Borago, Teshome (19 August 2018). "JAWAR: from Oromo radical to Ethiopia's leader". Ethiomedia. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
  9. ^ a b Peralta, Eyder (December 6, 2018). "How An Exiled Activist In Minnesota Helped Spur Big Political Changes In Ethiopia". NPR News. Retrieved 18 October 2019. At 32, with a mischievous smile and a round, boyish face, he keeps the air of a startup CEO, but Jawar is without a doubt the most controversial man in Ethiopia.
  10. ^ "Ethnic violence threatens to tear Ethiopia apart". The Economist. 2 November 2019.
  11. ^ Mohammed, Jawar (12 May 2018). "Jawar Mohammed on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 25 September 2018. Today is my birthday.
  12. ^ a b c d e "Jawar Mohammed Biography: The Interesting Profile of an Influential Man". allaboutETHIO.com. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  13. ^ "Rally in D.C. for Oromo rights". April 3, 2007. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  14. ^ "IOYA shines spotlight on child rights abuses in Ethiopia". OPride. 1 October 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  15. ^ Abichu, Siban (May 21, 2010). "Where is the Oromo Youth?". OPride. Retrieved 26 September 2018. However, I believe that youth like Jawar Siraj Mohammed, might be a hope in the future. Certainly, Jawar is a rising star Oromo young man of this time.
  16. ^ Gardiner, Tom (13 March 2018). "'Freedom!': the mysterious movement that brought Ethiopia to a standstill". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 September 2018. He highlights, in particular, the work of Jawar Mohammed, the controversial founder of the Minnesota-based Oromia Media Network (which is banned in Ethiopia), in amplifying the voice of the Qeerroo even when internet is down. '[Jawar] gives us political analyses and advice,' Haile explains. 'He can get access to information even from inside the government, which he shares with the Qeerroos. We evaluate it and then decide whether to act on it.'
  17. ^ "Jawaar Mohammad maaliif biyyatti deebi'a?" [Why Jawar back to the country?]. bbc.com.
  18. ^ "EZEMA is a Federalist Party? Comments on Dr. Berhanu Nega's Speech in Adama".
  19. ^ "Jawar Mohammed must reveal names of 43 people he claimed were killed in Saris area". SodereTube. 19 September 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  20. ^ Dahir, Abdi Latif (24 October 2019). "Protests in Ethiopia Threaten to Mar Image of Its Nobel-Winning Leader". New York Times. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  21. ^ Tiksa, Negeri (24 October 2019). "Ethiopia activist calls for calm after 16 killed in clashes". Reuters. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  22. ^ Peralta, Eyder; Dwyer, Colin (24 October 2019). "Nobel Peace Prize Winner Faces Protests After Activist's Late-Night Standoff". NPR. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  23. ^ "Anti-government protests leave 67 dead in Ethiopia - police". TRT World. 25 October 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  24. ^ "Ibsa MM Itoophiyaa Abiy Ahimad: Lakkoofsi namoota lubbuu dhabanii 86 gahe". bbcafaanoromoo.com.
  25. ^ "Ethiopia PM Abiy says death toll from recent protests rises to 86". reuters.com.

External links

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