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==Background==
==Background==
AYUSH, an ancient traditional medical discipline since [[Vedic age]], has found acceptance globally for its use of rich medicinal plants, minerals and other natural commodities in treating different illnesses. India, for centuries, is practicing this form of an alternate science of medicine.<ref name="NPoA-Bg-1">{{cite journal|last1=Jaiswal|first1=Yogini S.|last2=Williams|first2=Leonard L.|date=January 2015|title=A glimpse of Ayurveda – The forgotten history and principles of Indian traditional medicine|journal=Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine|volume=7|issue=1|pages=3|doi=10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.02.002|pmid=28053888|pmc=5198827|issn=|via=Researchgate}}</ref> Though Indian systems of medicine enjoyed people's faith during colonial rule in 1835, Lord Macaulay declared that, in India, governed by [[East India Company]] western medicine should only encouraged. On a recommendation by the National Health Policy of 1983 to support the traditional Indian medicine system, the government of India under its Ministry of Health and Family Welfare formed a separate department in 1995. This contributed to a significant change in traditional medical science by encouraging educational institutions to produce more competent health care professionals, research, institutionalizing and licensing of new drugs.<ref name="NPoA-BG-2">{{cite journal|last1=Virgili|first1=Gianni|last2=Rudra|first2=Shalini|last3=Kalra|first3=Aakshi|last4=Kumar|first4=Abhishek|last5=Joe|first5=William|title=Utilization of alternative systems of medicine as health care services in India: Evidence on AYUSH care from NSS 2014|journal=PLOS One|volume=12|issue=5|year=2017|pages=1|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0176916|pmid=28472197|pmc=5417584|bibcode=2017PLoSO..1276916R}}</ref> However, a major policy decision was taken in 2002 by launching the National Mission on AYUSH. The key emphasis of the policy was: elevation of the indian alternative traditional medical science to its achieve its potential and to phase-wise integrating AYUSH with modern medicine in India.<ref name="2002-Policy">{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107053427/https://www.ayush.gov.in/about-us/national-policy-ayush |title=National Policy on AYUSH &#124; Ministry of AYUSH &#124; GOI |format= |work= |accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref>
AYUSH, an ancient traditional medical discipline since [[Vedic age]], has found acceptance globally for its use of rich medicinal plants, minerals and other natural commodities in treating different illnesses. India, for centuries, is practicing this form of an alternate science of medicine.<ref name="NPoA-Bg-1">{{cite journal|last1=Jaiswal|first1=Yogini S.|last2=Williams|first2=Leonard L.|date=January 2015|title=A glimpse of Ayurveda – The forgotten history and principles of Indian traditional medicine|journal=Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine|volume=7|issue=1|pages=3|doi=10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.02.002|pmid=28053888|pmc=5198827}}</ref> Though Indian systems of medicine enjoyed people's faith during colonial rule in 1835, Lord Macaulay declared that, in India, governed by [[East India Company]] western medicine should only encouraged. On a recommendation by the National Health Policy of 1983 to support the traditional Indian medicine system, the government of India under its Ministry of Health and Family Welfare formed a separate department in 1995. This contributed to a significant change in traditional medical science by encouraging educational institutions to produce more competent health care professionals, research, institutionalizing and licensing of new drugs.<ref name="NPoA-BG-2">{{cite journal|last1=Virgili|first1=Gianni|last2=Rudra|first2=Shalini|last3=Kalra|first3=Aakshi|last4=Kumar|first4=Abhishek|last5=Joe|first5=William|title=Utilization of alternative systems of medicine as health care services in India: Evidence on AYUSH care from NSS 2014|journal=PLOS One|volume=12|issue=5|year=2017|pages=1|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0176916|pmid=28472197|pmc=5417584|bibcode=2017PLoSO..1276916R}}</ref> However, a major policy decision was taken in 2002 by launching the National Mission on AYUSH. The key emphasis of the policy was: elevation of the indian alternative traditional medical science to its achieve its potential and to phase-wise integrating AYUSH with modern medicine in India.<ref name="2002-Policy">{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107053427/https://www.ayush.gov.in/about-us/national-policy-ayush |title=National Policy on AYUSH &#124; Ministry of AYUSH &#124; GOI |format= |work= |accessdate=25 April 2020}}</ref>


The scarcity of trained health care professionals was also an impediment in a vast country like India. While there were close to 500,000 doctors practicing AYUSH medicine in 2003, but still there were 1,676 people with only one doctor, whereas WHO recommended one doctor for 600 people.<ref name="NPoA-BG-3.1">{{cite journal|last1=Gopichandran|first1=Vijayaprasad|last2=Kumar|first2=Ch Satish|title=Mainstreaming AYUSH: an ethical analysis|journal=Indian Journal of Medical Ethics|issue=4|year=2012|volume=9|pages=1|issn=09748466|doi=10.20529/IJME.2012.091|pmid=23099604}}</ref> To turn around this acute shortage of trained health care professionals, National Rural Health Mission was launched in 2005 with a key aim to mainstream and revive the traditional system of medicine - AYUSH. The program attempted to increase the number of district hospitals, community health centers and primary health centers in the country. It made another notable effort by encouraging appointment of competent AYUSH doctors and paramedical staff.<ref name="NPoA-BG-3">{{cite journal|last1=Samal|first1=Janmejaya|title=A Review on Mainstreaming of AYUSH and Revitalization of Local Health Traditions under NRHM|journal=Journal of Research and Education in Indian Medicine (Estt.1982)|year=2017|pages=2|issn=0970-7700|doi=10.5455/JREIM.82-1362397123}}</ref> After promoting the department of AYUSH to a dedicated ministry under the government of India, AYUSH has provided a big-boost by recognizing Yoga internationally and celebrating the International Day of YOGA on June-21 every year.<ref name="NPoA-BG5">{{cite journal |last=Singh|first=R H.|title=Doing Ayush in India Today: Against All Odds |journal=Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine|year=2015|volume=6|issue=1|pages=1–3|doi=10.4103/0975-9476.154211|pmid=25878455|pmc=4395920}}</ref>
The scarcity of trained health care professionals was also an impediment in a vast country like India. While there were close to 500,000 doctors practicing AYUSH medicine in 2003, but still there were 1,676 people with only one doctor, whereas WHO recommended one doctor for 600 people.<ref name="NPoA-BG-3.1">{{cite journal|last1=Gopichandran|first1=Vijayaprasad|last2=Kumar|first2=Ch Satish|title=Mainstreaming AYUSH: an ethical analysis|journal=Indian Journal of Medical Ethics|issue=4|year=2012|volume=9|pages=1|issn=09748466|doi=10.20529/IJME.2012.091|pmid=23099604}}</ref> To turn around this acute shortage of trained health care professionals, National Rural Health Mission was launched in 2005 with a key aim to mainstream and revive the traditional system of medicine - AYUSH. The program attempted to increase the number of district hospitals, community health centers and primary health centers in the country. It made another notable effort by encouraging appointment of competent AYUSH doctors and paramedical staff.<ref name="NPoA-BG-3">{{cite journal|last1=Samal|first1=Janmejaya|title=A Review on Mainstreaming of AYUSH and Revitalization of Local Health Traditions under NRHM|journal=Journal of Research and Education in Indian Medicine (Estt.1982)|year=2017|pages=2|issn=0970-7700|doi=10.5455/JREIM.82-1362397123}}</ref> After promoting the department of AYUSH to a dedicated ministry under the government of India, AYUSH has provided a big-boost by recognizing Yoga internationally and celebrating the International Day of YOGA on June-21 every year.<ref name="NPoA-BG5">{{cite journal |last=Singh|first=R H.|title=Doing Ayush in India Today: Against All Odds |journal=Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine|year=2015|volume=6|issue=1|pages=1–3|doi=10.4103/0975-9476.154211|pmid=25878455|pmc=4395920}}</ref>

Revision as of 18:57, 28 August 2020

The National Policy on AYUSH is a regulatory and promotional framework formulated by the Government of India under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, also known as National Policy on Indian Systems of Medicine and Homeopathy (ISM&H) established in 2002. Since WHO in 1980 supported the participation of local practitioners of the Indian system of medicine. A fresh imputes was given to the traditional systems of medicine in India. Further, to streamline the system, a study was proposed to design and assess the implementation and other initiatives to improve the ISM&H in Inda. Resulting from the input received from experts and prevailing popularity of Indian systems of medicines, a new Department of AYUSH was formed in 2003, to provide focused attention towards research and to assure the preservation and education in the fields of unique and traditional Indian systems of medicine, like Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy abbreviated as AYUSH.[1]

To further strengthen the health care system in India. Government of India, in 2014, decided to upgrade the Department of AYUSH to a full-fledged Ministry, focused on planning, implementation, and policy formulation in the field of Indian system of medicine.[2] During the 12th five-year plan National AYUSH Mission was launched to work in coordination with States and Union Territories to promote and strengthen educational Institutions, availability of AYUSH services through cost-effective means, streamline and regularize various medicinal plants used in the production of AYUSH medicines.[3]

Background

AYUSH, an ancient traditional medical discipline since Vedic age, has found acceptance globally for its use of rich medicinal plants, minerals and other natural commodities in treating different illnesses. India, for centuries, is practicing this form of an alternate science of medicine.[4] Though Indian systems of medicine enjoyed people's faith during colonial rule in 1835, Lord Macaulay declared that, in India, governed by East India Company western medicine should only encouraged. On a recommendation by the National Health Policy of 1983 to support the traditional Indian medicine system, the government of India under its Ministry of Health and Family Welfare formed a separate department in 1995. This contributed to a significant change in traditional medical science by encouraging educational institutions to produce more competent health care professionals, research, institutionalizing and licensing of new drugs.[5] However, a major policy decision was taken in 2002 by launching the National Mission on AYUSH. The key emphasis of the policy was: elevation of the indian alternative traditional medical science to its achieve its potential and to phase-wise integrating AYUSH with modern medicine in India.[6]

The scarcity of trained health care professionals was also an impediment in a vast country like India. While there were close to 500,000 doctors practicing AYUSH medicine in 2003, but still there were 1,676 people with only one doctor, whereas WHO recommended one doctor for 600 people.[7] To turn around this acute shortage of trained health care professionals, National Rural Health Mission was launched in 2005 with a key aim to mainstream and revive the traditional system of medicine - AYUSH. The program attempted to increase the number of district hospitals, community health centers and primary health centers in the country. It made another notable effort by encouraging appointment of competent AYUSH doctors and paramedical staff.[8] After promoting the department of AYUSH to a dedicated ministry under the government of India, AYUSH has provided a big-boost by recognizing Yoga internationally and celebrating the International Day of YOGA on June-21 every year.[9]

National policy on AYUSH 2002

To discuss various deficiencies and indifference towards AYUSH comparable to western medical science, in 2002 a National Policy on (ISM&H) identified as National Policy on AYUSH was devised. The following are some pertinent features of the policy:

  • Emphasising on the education sector of AYUSH by providing centers of excellence in AYUSH, by increasing the number of colleges, revising the syllabus by keeping it relevant to varying times. Encourage states to streamline and conduct separate admission tests for undergraduates and post-graduates. Introducing grading system of institutions to inspire students, teachers to attain excellence.
  • A proposition was made to prioritize the research in AYUSH, by determining the fundamental strengths of the system and promoting research in preventive and promotive aspects.
  • Formulating a system of policy to push for research in farming of medicinal plants and drugs. A Medicinal Plant Board was suggested to administer the farming and promote remunerative farming duly addressing conservation of bio-diversity. The promotion of import-export of the medicinal plants was urged by finding key markets.
  • The policy focused on the steps to be taken for the protection of intellectual property rights of India’s traditional medical science.
  • To integrate AYUSH with National Health Program to deliver various health care actions. Setting up specialized AYUSH centers in district and other government hospitals.
  • Standardizing the quality control by the authority of pharmacopeia related to AYUSH. Introducing new quality-certification schemes at the regional level.
  • Giving priority industry and green industry status for AYUSH.
  • Reviving local health traditions by finding key sectors where AYUSH would be appropriate and implementing critical care in reproductive and child health (RCH).
  • Raising the budgetary support to AYUSH from two percent to ten percent of total health plan and an increment of five percent in every five-year plan.
  • Establishment of directorates in major states including managerial infrastructure at the district level to facilitate various AYUSH programs.
  • Encourage medical tourism in collaboration with state tourism authorities by facilitating YOGA and Panchakarma healing procedures by certified professionals at hotels.
  • Building awareness by publicizing the efficiency of AYUSH through print and electronic media. Incentivising students and experts who shall popularise AYUSH with innovative ideas.[6]

References

  1. ^ Singh, B.; Kumar, M.; Singh, A. (2013). "Evaluation of implementation status of national policy on Indian systems of medicine and homeopathy 2002: Stakeholders' perspective". Ancient Science of Life. 33 (2): 1–2. doi:10.4103/0257-7941.139048. PMC 4171850. PMID 25284943.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  2. ^ Katoch, Dinesh; Sharma, Jitendra S.; Banerjee, Subhadip; Biswas, Rajarshi; Das, Bhaskar; Goswami, Debayan; Harwansh, Ranjit K.; Katiyar, C.K.; Mukherjee, Pulok K. (2017). "Government policies and initiatives for development of Ayurveda". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 197: 25–31. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.018. ISSN 0378-8741.
  3. ^ Katoch, Dinesh; Sharma, Jitendra S.; Banerjee, Subhadip; Biswas, Rajarshi; Das, Bhaskar; Goswami, Debayan; Harwansh, Ranjit K.; Katiyar, C.K.; Mukherjee, Pulok K. (August 2016). "Government policies and initiatives for development of Ayurveda". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 197: 6. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.018. PMID 27543425 – via researchgate.
  4. ^ Jaiswal, Yogini S.; Williams, Leonard L. (January 2015). "A glimpse of Ayurveda – The forgotten history and principles of Indian traditional medicine". Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 7 (1): 3. doi:10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.02.002. PMC 5198827. PMID 28053888.
  5. ^ Virgili, Gianni; Rudra, Shalini; Kalra, Aakshi; Kumar, Abhishek; Joe, William (2017). "Utilization of alternative systems of medicine as health care services in India: Evidence on AYUSH care from NSS 2014". PLOS One. 12 (5): 1. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1276916R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176916. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5417584. PMID 28472197.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ^ a b "National Policy on AYUSH | Ministry of AYUSH | GOI". Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  7. ^ Gopichandran, Vijayaprasad; Kumar, Ch Satish (2012). "Mainstreaming AYUSH: an ethical analysis". Indian Journal of Medical Ethics. 9 (4): 1. doi:10.20529/IJME.2012.091. ISSN 0974-8466. PMID 23099604.
  8. ^ Samal, Janmejaya (2017). "A Review on Mainstreaming of AYUSH and Revitalization of Local Health Traditions under NRHM". Journal of Research and Education in Indian Medicine (Estt.1982): 2. doi:10.5455/JREIM.82-1362397123. ISSN 0970-7700.
  9. ^ Singh, R H. (2015). "Doing Ayush in India Today: Against All Odds". Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 6 (1): 1–3. doi:10.4103/0975-9476.154211. PMC 4395920. PMID 25878455.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

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