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[[File:Baetylus (sacred stone).jpg|thumb|The black stone of Elagabalus in the Emesene Temple of the Sun.]] |
[[File:Baetylus (sacred stone).jpg|thumb|The black stone of Elagabalus in the Emesene Temple of the Sun.]] |
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| ⚫ | '''Gaius Julius Bassianus''' or '''Bassus''', also known as '''Julius Bassianus''' (born in the second half of the 2nd century, died 217) was a Syrian high priest of [[Elagabalus (deity)|Elagabalus]] at the ''[[Great Mosque of al-Nuri (Homs)|Temple of the Sun]]'' in [[Emesa]], [[Roman Syria|Syria]], where this solar deity was worshipped in a shape of a black stone. The name Elagabalus derives from [[El (deity)|''Ilāh'']] (a [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] word for "god") and ''gabal'' (an [[Arabic language|Arabic]] word for "mountain")<ref>Ball, Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire, Routledge, p.37</ref><ref>English-Arabic dictionary translation for "God" with transliteration of the Arabic equivalent: "elah": https://en.bab.la/dictionary/english-arabic/god</ref><ref>English-Arabic dictionary translation for "mountain" with transliteration of the Arabic equivalent: "gabal": https://en.bab.la/dictionary/english-arabic/mountain</ref>, resulting in "the God of the Mountain," the Emesene manifestation of the deity.<ref>{{cite journal | last = Lenormant | first = Francois | authorlink = François Lenormant | title = Sol Elagabalus | journal = Revue de l'Histoire des Religions | volume = 3 | page = 310 | year = 1881 }}</ref>. Bassianus was a member of the [[Royal family of Emesa]] (modern [[Homs]]),<ref> name="Birley, p.223-4"</ref> which was a part of the Arab aristocracy in this client kingdom of the [[Roman Empire]]. The beginning of his priesthood is unknown, but by 187 he was a high priest at Emesa. Bassianus was a son of a Julius and his paternal uncle was [[Julius Agrippa]],<ref>Birley, ''Septimius Severus: The African Emperor'', p.217, 223-4</ref> who served as a Primipilaris (a former leading [[Centurion]]).<ref>Levick, ''Julia Domna: Syrian Empress'', p.18</ref> |
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'''Gaius Julius Bassianus''' or '''Bassus''', also known as '''Julius Bassianus''' (born in the second half of the 2nd century, died 217) was an [[Arab]]<ref>{{Cite book |
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| author = Shahid, Irfan |
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| title = Rome and The Arabs: A Prolegomenon to the Study of Byzantium and the Arabs |
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| year = 1984 |
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| publisher = Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection |
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| location = Washington, D.C. |
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| isbn = 0-88402-115-7 |
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| oclc = 9532710 |
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Future emperor Lucius [[Septimius Severus]] had visited Emesa, based on a promising horoscope that he would find his future wife in Syria. Bassianus introduced Severus to his two daughters. Bassianus' wife is unknown. His elder daughter [[Julia Maesa]] was married to a Syrian noble Gaius [[Julius Avitus]] Alexianus and they had two daughters: [[Julia Soaemias|Julia Soaemias Bassiana]] and [[Julia Avita Mamaea]]. His younger daughter [[Julia Domna]] was not married. Severus and Domna married not so long after. Domna bore Severus two sons, Lucius Septimius Bassianus ([[Caracalla]], 4 April 188-8 April 217) and [[Publius Septimius Geta]] (7 March 189-19 December 211). Caracalla and Geta would become future Roman Emperors and heirs to their father. After Caracalla's death, Julia Maesa's grandson became emperor, [[Elagabalus]], whom she prevailed to adopt another grandson, the son of Julia Avita Mamaea, who took the name [[Alexander Severus]] and eventually became emperor himself. Julius Bassianus is a possible descendant of [[Gaius Julius Alexion]]. |
Future emperor Lucius [[Septimius Severus]] had visited Emesa, based on a promising horoscope that he would find his future wife in Syria. Bassianus introduced Severus to his two daughters. Bassianus' wife is unknown. His elder daughter [[Julia Maesa]] was married to a Syrian noble Gaius [[Julius Avitus]] Alexianus and they had two daughters: [[Julia Soaemias|Julia Soaemias Bassiana]] and [[Julia Avita Mamaea]]. His younger daughter [[Julia Domna]] was not married. Severus and Domna married not so long after. Domna bore Severus two sons, Lucius Septimius Bassianus ([[Caracalla]], 4 April 188-8 April 217) and [[Publius Septimius Geta]] (7 March 189-19 December 211). Caracalla and Geta would become future Roman Emperors and heirs to their father. After Caracalla's death, Julia Maesa's grandson became emperor, [[Elagabalus]], whom she prevailed to adopt another grandson, the son of Julia Avita Mamaea, who took the name [[Alexander Severus]] and eventually became emperor himself. Julius Bassianus is a possible descendant of [[Gaius Julius Alexion]]. |
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Revision as of 09:59, 4 September 2020
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Gaius Julius Bassianus or Bassus, also known as Julius Bassianus (born in the second half of the 2nd century, died 217) was a Syrian high priest of Elagabalus at the Temple of the Sun in Emesa, Syria, where this solar deity was worshipped in a shape of a black stone. The name Elagabalus derives from Ilāh (a Semitic word for "god") and gabal (an Arabic word for "mountain")[1][2][3], resulting in "the God of the Mountain," the Emesene manifestation of the deity.[4]. Bassianus was a member of the Royal family of Emesa (modern Homs),[5] which was a part of the Arab aristocracy in this client kingdom of the Roman Empire. The beginning of his priesthood is unknown, but by 187 he was a high priest at Emesa. Bassianus was a son of a Julius and his paternal uncle was Julius Agrippa,[6] who served as a Primipilaris (a former leading Centurion).[7]
Future emperor Lucius Septimius Severus had visited Emesa, based on a promising horoscope that he would find his future wife in Syria. Bassianus introduced Severus to his two daughters. Bassianus' wife is unknown. His elder daughter Julia Maesa was married to a Syrian noble Gaius Julius Avitus Alexianus and they had two daughters: Julia Soaemias Bassiana and Julia Avita Mamaea. His younger daughter Julia Domna was not married. Severus and Domna married not so long after. Domna bore Severus two sons, Lucius Septimius Bassianus (Caracalla, 4 April 188-8 April 217) and Publius Septimius Geta (7 March 189-19 December 211). Caracalla and Geta would become future Roman Emperors and heirs to their father. After Caracalla's death, Julia Maesa's grandson became emperor, Elagabalus, whom she prevailed to adopt another grandson, the son of Julia Avita Mamaea, who took the name Alexander Severus and eventually became emperor himself. Julius Bassianus is a possible descendant of Gaius Julius Alexion.
See also
References
- ^ Ball, Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire, Routledge, p.37
- ^ English-Arabic dictionary translation for "God" with transliteration of the Arabic equivalent: "elah": https://en.bab.la/dictionary/english-arabic/god
- ^ English-Arabic dictionary translation for "mountain" with transliteration of the Arabic equivalent: "gabal": https://en.bab.la/dictionary/english-arabic/mountain
- ^ Lenormant, Francois (1881). "Sol Elagabalus". Revue de l'Histoire des Religions. 3: 310.
- ^ name="Birley, p.223-4"
- ^ Birley, Septimius Severus: The African Emperor, p.217, 223-4
- ^ Levick, Julia Domna: Syrian Empress, p.18
Sources
- Birley, A.R. (2002). Septimius Severus: The African Emperor. Routledge.
- Levick, B. (2007). Julia Domna: Syrian Empress. Routledge.