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== Background ==
== Background ==


The [[See of Tyre]] was the most prestigious archbishopric under the authority of the [[Patriarch of Antioch|patriarchs of Antioch]] from the 5th century.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|p=162}} The archbishops had more than a dozen [[suffragan bishops|suffragans]], including the bishops of Acre, Beirut, Byblos, Sidon, Tripoli and Tortosa.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|p=162}} The [[crusaders]] captured Tortosa (now [[Tartus]] in Syria) in 1102, [[Byblos]] in 1103, and [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]] in 1109.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|p=163}}{{sfn|Lock|2006|pp=27, 30}} In the late 1170s, [[William of Tyre]] wrote that [[Bernard of Valence]], the [[Latin Patriarch of Antioch]], had soon appointed Latin bishops to the three bishoprics.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|pp=163–164}} Documents written in the early 12th century did not refer to the bishops of the three dioceses, suggesting that the three sees, all located in the newly established crusader [[County of Tripoli]], were actually left vacant.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|p=164}} After King [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem]] captured [[Sidon]] and [[Beirut]] in 1110,{{sfn|Lock|2006|p=31}} [[Ghibbelin of Arles]], the [[Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem]], convinced Baldwin I to ask [[Pope Paschal II]] to place the two sees and also the bishopric of Acre under the jurisdiction of the patriarchs of Jerusalem.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|p=166}} Accepting the king's argumentation, the Pope ruled on 8 June 1111 that the boundaries of the ecclesiastical provinces should follow the political frontiers.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|p=166}}{{sfn|Hamilton|2016|p=27}} Patriarch Bernard protested, but the Pope confirmed his decision, emphasizing his right to alter the boundaries of the patriarchates.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|p=167}}
The [[See of Tyre]] was the most prestigious [[Diocese|archbishopric]] under the authority of the [[Patriarch of Antioch|patriarchs of Antioch]] from the 5th century.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|p=162}} The archbishops had more than a dozen [[suffragan bishops|suffragans]], including the bishops of Acre, Beirut, Byblos, Sidon, Tripoli and Tortosa.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|p=162}} The [[crusaders]] captured Tortosa (now [[Tartus]] in Syria) in 1102, [[Byblos]] in 1103, and [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]] in 1109.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|p=163}}{{sfn|Lock|2006|pp=27, 30}} In the late 1170s, [[William of Tyre]] wrote that [[Bernard of Valence]], the [[Latin Patriarch of Antioch]], had soon appointed Latin bishops to the three bishoprics.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|pp=163–164}} Documents written in the early 12th century did not refer to the bishops of the three dioceses, suggesting that the three sees, all located in the newly established crusader [[County of Tripoli]], were actually left vacant.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|p=164}} After King [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem]] captured [[Sidon]] and [[Beirut]] in 1110,{{sfn|Lock|2006|p=31}} [[Ghibbelin of Arles]], the [[Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem]], convinced Baldwin I to ask [[Pope Paschal II]] to place the two sees and also the bishopric of Acre under the jurisdiction of the patriarchs of Jerusalem.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|p=166}} Accepting the king's argumentation, the Pope ruled on 8 June 1111 that the boundaries of the ecclesiastical provinces should follow the political frontiers.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|p=166}}{{sfn|Hamilton|2016|p=27}} Patriarch Bernard protested, but the Pope confirmed his decision, emphasizing his right to alter the boundaries of the patriarchates.{{sfn|Rowe|1960–1961|p=167}}


== Establishment ==
== Establishment ==

Revision as of 11:12, 27 October 2020

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tyre was an archbishopric in the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

Background

The See of Tyre was the most prestigious archbishopric under the authority of the patriarchs of Antioch from the 5th century.[1] The archbishops had more than a dozen suffragans, including the bishops of Acre, Beirut, Byblos, Sidon, Tripoli and Tortosa.[1] The crusaders captured Tortosa (now Tartus in Syria) in 1102, Byblos in 1103, and Tripoli in 1109.[2][3] In the late 1170s, William of Tyre wrote that Bernard of Valence, the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, had soon appointed Latin bishops to the three bishoprics.[4] Documents written in the early 12th century did not refer to the bishops of the three dioceses, suggesting that the three sees, all located in the newly established crusader County of Tripoli, were actually left vacant.[5] After King Baldwin I of Jerusalem captured Sidon and Beirut in 1110,[6] Ghibbelin of Arles, the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, convinced Baldwin I to ask Pope Paschal II to place the two sees and also the bishopric of Acre under the jurisdiction of the patriarchs of Jerusalem.[7] Accepting the king's argumentation, the Pope ruled on 8 June 1111 that the boundaries of the ecclesiastical provinces should follow the political frontiers.[7][8] Patriarch Bernard protested, but the Pope confirmed his decision, emphasizing his right to alter the boundaries of the patriarchates.[9]

Establishment

Gormond of Picquigny signed a treaty with the Venetians about the joint conquest of Tyre on behalf of Baldwin II of Jerusalem in December 1123.[10] The Patriarch had already consecrated a cleric, Odo, as the archbishop of Tyre, most probably because he wanted to prevent the Latin patriarch of Antioch from appointing his candidate to the see.[11] Odo died before the crusaders and the Venetians captured Tyre on 7 July 1124.[10][12]

Archbishops

  • Odo (c. 1122–1123 or 1124)[13]
  • William I (c. 1127–1135)[13]
  • Fulcher (c. 1135–1146)[13]
  • Ralph (1146–1150) (elected archbishop, who was not consecrated)[13]
  • Peter I (1151–1164)[13]
  • Frederick (1164–1174)[13]
  • William II (1175–1186) (historian)[13]
  • Joscius (1186–1202)[13]
  • Clarembaud of Broies (1202–1215)[13]
  • Simon of Maugastel (c. 1216–1229)[13]
  • Hugh (c. 1231–c. 1234)[13]
  • Peter II of Sargines (1235–1244)[13]
  • Nicholas Larcat (1251–1253)[13]
  • Gilles (1253–1266)[13]
  • John of Saint Maxentius (1267–1272)[13]
  • Bonacursus de Gloire (1272–1295)[13]

References

  1. ^ a b Rowe 1960–1961, p. 162.
  2. ^ Rowe 1960–1961, p. 163.
  3. ^ Lock 2006, pp. 27, 30.
  4. ^ Rowe 1960–1961, pp. 163–164.
  5. ^ Rowe 1960–1961, p. 164.
  6. ^ Lock 2006, p. 31.
  7. ^ a b Rowe 1960–1961, p. 166.
  8. ^ Hamilton 2016, p. 27.
  9. ^ Rowe 1960–1961, p. 167.
  10. ^ a b Lock 2006, p. 37.
  11. ^ Rowe 1960–1961, pp. 172–173.
  12. ^ Rowe 1960–1961, p. 173.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Hamilton 2016, p. 409.
  14. ^ Andrea 1987, p. 48.

Sources

  • Andrea, A. J. (1987). "Conrad of Krosigk, Bishop of Halberstadt, Crusader and Monk of Sittichenbach: His Ecclesiastical Career, 1184–1225". Analecta Cisterciensia. 43: 11–91. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Hamilton, Bernard (2016). The Latin Church in the Crusader States: The Secular Church. Routledge. ISBN 9780860780724. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Lock, Peter (2006). The Routledge Companion to the Crusades. Routledge. ISBN 9-78-0-415-39312-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Rowe, John Gordon (1960–1961). "The Papacy and the Ecclesiastical Province of Tyre (1100–1187)". Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. 43: 160–190. ISSN 2054-9318. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

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