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Adrian Zenz

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Adrian Zenz
Born1974 (age 49–50)
NationalityGerman[1]
Alma materUniversity of Auckland
University of Cambridge
Known forResearch on Xinjiang re-education camps
Scientific career
FieldsAnthropology
InstitutionsVictims of Communism Memorial Foundation
European School of Culture and Theology (Akademie für Weltmission [de] and Columbia International University)

Adrian Zenz (born 1974)[2] is a German anthropologist known for his studies of the Xinjiang internment camps (also known as "re-education" camps) and Uyghur genocide.[3] He is a senior fellow in China studies at the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.[4][5][6]

Career

Zenz received a Master's degree in development studies from the University of Auckland, followed by a PhD in social anthropology from the University of Cambridge, with a doctoral thesis on minority education, job opportunities, and the ethnic identity of young Tibetans in western China.[7]

He was a lecturer in social research methodology at the European School of Culture and Theology,[8][4] a joint venture between the Evangelical theological institution Akademie für Weltmission [de] and Columbia International University,[9][10] where he advised doctoral students.[11] As of 2021, he is a senior fellow in China studies at the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.[4][6]

Zenz also serves as an advisor to the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China.[6][11]

Anthropology

Xinjiang

Zenz's most influential work has been his research on the mass detention of Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslim minorities within China's Xinjiang re-education camps.[1] Zenz was one of the first researchers to reveal the existence, size, and scope of these camps.[12]

Since February 2018,[1] Zenz has studied the mass detention of Uyghurs in internment camps in Xinjiang. His work has largely been based on Chinese government budget plans, bidding papers, and other official documents,[1] as well as spreadsheets pointing toward factories with interned workers from the internment camps.[5] Initially, in May 2018, Zenz estimated that between 100,000 to just over 1 million Muslims had been subject to detention in the camps in a report published by the Jamestown Foundation.[1] Since then, his estimate has been cited widely, with many sources, including United Nations experts, preferring to use the higher end of the estimate's range.[1] Later, in March 2019, Zenz told the United Nations that 1.5 million Uyghurs had been detained in in camps, saying that his number accounted for both the increases in the size and scope of detention in the region and public reporting on the stories of Uyghur exiles with family in interment camps.[1] In July 2019, Zenz wrote in the Journal of Political Risk that he speculated that 1.5 million Uyghurs had been extrajudically detained, which he described as being "an equivalent to just under one in six adult members of a Turkic and predominantly Muslim minority group in Xinjiang."[13] In November 2019, Zenz estimated that the number of internment camps in Xinjiang had surpassed 1,000.[14] In July 2020, Zenz wrote in Foreign Policy that he estimated that a total of 1.8 million Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities had been extrajudicially detained in what he described as "the largest incarceration of an ethnoreligious minority since the Holocaust," arguing that the Chinese Government was engaging in policies in violation of the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.[15]

Zenz has also published research, using publicly available Chinese government documents on the Chinese internet, that showed that the Chinese government has spent tens of millions of dollars since 2016 on a birth control surgery program that includes cash incentives for sterilization procedures and concluded that birth control violations are punishable by internment in the Xinjiang internment camps.[16][17][18]

Tibet

Zenz is the author of 'Tibetanness' Under Threat?, a study of the modern Tibetan education system. In the book, he examines the career prospects of students who major in Tibetan-language studies and the notion that the greater market value of Chinese-language education threatens Tibetan ethnocultural survival.[4][19]

A 2019 article in Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung described Zenz's research methods on Tibetans as unconventional and exciting little interest in the professional world. The article stated that Zenz had analyzed job postings for security personnel in Tibet, compared them with data on self-immolation by Tibetans, and then used that data to draw his conclusions about the Chinese government's policies of repression.[20] Development studies researcher Andrew Fischer described Zenz's work as an "excellent discussion" of Tibetan education that included "interesting ways of measuring and representing" school outcomes[21] and as offering a "rare insight" into Tibetan education with "fascinating" details and of "immense value".[22]

In September 2020, Zenz authored a report that said that 500,000 Tibetans, mostly subsistence farmers and herders, were trained in the first seven months of 2020 in military-style training centres experts say are akin to labour camps.[23][24][25][26]

Reception

Xinjiang

Zenz's work to expose human rights abuses in Xinjiang has been the subject of widespread international attention.[1][27][28]

An analysis published by the Mercator Institute for China Studies in January 2019 called Zenz's estimate that 1 million Uyghurs had been subject to extrajudicial detention "credible" and cited Zenz's 2018 study as one of two important studies that "popularized" the number of one million Uyghur detainees in 2018.[29] The accounting figures of the camps that were used to base Zenz's initial estimate of 1 million were sourced from Istiqlal, an Uyghur exile operated media organization based in Turkey, who had said they obtained the numbers from a reliable local public security source.[29][30] Zenz's work has been described by the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung as delivering solid evidence for the extent of the repression that had only been previously known through anecdotal evidence.[20]

The United States banned imports of cotton from Xinjiang shortly after Zenz published a report describing widespread use of forced labor in the region.[28]

Zenz and his work on Xinjiang have been criticized by the Chinese government,[28][31][32][33] which has repeatedly described Zenz's findings as "lies" even when it has publicly confirmed that Zenz's claims are truthful.[28] In March 2021, Chinese state media reported that unnamed Chinese companies have filed a lawsuit in Xinjiang against Zenz to recoup economic losses and restore their reputations in response to what Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian described as "Zenz's 'rumors' of forced labor in the region".[27] This lawsuit is one in a series of steps that the Chinese government is taking in order to attack critics of Chinese government policies in Xinjiang.[28]

In the same month after the European Union, United States, United Kingdom, and Canada imposed coordinated sanctions against Chinese government officials over human rights abuses in Xinjiang,[34] the Chinese government responded by imposing retaliatory sanctions against Zenz and others who had criticized China for human rights abuses, including nine other people (including five members of the European Parliament) and four organizations (including two EU bodies).[35]

Tibet

In 2020, a report from Reuters wrote that the news agency had "corroborated Zenz’s findings and found additional policy documents, company reports, procurement filings and state media reports" regarding a growing forced labor program in Tibet.[24][25][26] The Chinese Foreign Ministry disputed Zenz's findings, with a spokesperson calling the findings "lies".[24][26]

Robert Barnett, the former Director of the Modern Tibetan Studies Program at Columbia University, wrote in March 2021 that Zenz's work on Tibet was generally "well-regarded" and noted that Zenz had been subject to unfair and abusive attacks from Chinese state media.[36] Barnett, however, criticized the methods used in creating a report written by Zenz and published by the Jamestown Foundation in 2020, writing that work had not been peer-reviewed prior to publication, did not refer to the findings of other Tibet researchers, and had not been verified by field research.[36] Barnett also criticized the timing of and media coverage surrounding the report's publication, arguing that it had been "coordinated with a prominent media campaign" and that prominent newspapers have misrepresented the report by overstating Zenz's claims regarding the existence of "labor camps" in Tibet.[36]

Theology

Zenz is a born-again Christian, and has stated that he feels "led by God" in his research on Chinese Muslims and other minority groups.[1] Zenz co-authored a book in 2012 with his father-in-law, Marlon L. Sias, titled Worthy to Escape: Why All Believers Will Not Be Raptured Before the Tribulation.[1]

Selected works

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Chin, Josh (21 May 2019). "The German Data Diver Who Exposed China's Muslim Crackdown". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  2. '^ Tibetanness' Under Threat?
  3. ^ "China's genocide against the Uyghurs of Xinjiang, in 4 disturbing charts - Vox".
  4. ^ a b c d "Adrian Zenz". Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
  5. ^ a b Editorial Board (16 December 2019). "China appears to add a sickening new dimension to its treatment of Uighurs". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  6. ^ a b c "Adrian Zenz, Ph.D." Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
  7. ^ "Adrian Zenz". Akademie für Weltmission [de]. Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
  8. ^ Tiezzi, Shannon (1 December 2018). "Adrian Zenz on China's Xinjiang Re-Education Campaign". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  9. ^ National Cable Satellite Corporation. "Adrian Zenz". CSPAN. Retrieved 24 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ^ "Studien- und Weiterbildungsangebote" (in German). Arbeitsgemeinschaft evangelikaler Missionen e.V.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. ^ a b "Adrian Zenz". Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China. Retrieved 24 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. ^ Yan, Hai (16 March 2020). "China Backs Lawsuits Against German Scholar for Human Rights Abuse Claims". Voice of America.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ Zenz, Adrian. "Brainwashing, Police Guards and Coercive Internment: Evidence from Chinese Government Documents about the Nature and Extent of Xinjiang's "Vocational Training Internment Camps"". Journal of Political Risk. 7 (7). Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
  14. ^ Lipes, Joshua (12 November 2019). "Expert Estimates China Has More Than 1,000 Internment Camps For Xinjiang Uyghurs". Radio Free Asia. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  15. ^ Zenz, Adrian (1 July 2020). "China's Own Documents Show Potentially Genocidal Sterilization Plans in Xinjiang". Foreign Policy.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  16. ^ "China cuts Uighur births with IUDs, abortion, sterilization". Associated Press. 29 June 2020. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  17. ^ "China forcibly sterilising Uighur women in campaign to control population, new report says". SBS News. 30 June 2020. Archived from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
  18. ^ Zenz, Adrian (June 2020). "Sterilizations, Forced Abortions, and Mandatory Birth Control" (PDF). Jamestown Foundation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  19. ^ Zenz, Adrian (2013). 'Tibetanness' Under Threat?: Neo-Integrationism, Minority Education and Career Strategies in Qinghai, P.R. China. Global Oriental. ISBN 978-9004257962.
  20. ^ a b "Inhaftierte Uiguren in China Der Mann mit der Million". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). 9 August 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  21. ^ Fischer, Andrew Martin (2013). The Disempowered Development of Tibet in China: A Study in the Economics of Marginalization. Studies in Modern Tibetan Culture. Lexington Books. p. 287 n. 22 and 23. ISBN 9780739134399.
  22. ^ Fischer, Andrew M. (2014). "Reviewed Work(s): 'Tibetanness' under Threat? Neo-integrationism, Minority Education and Career Strategies in Qinghai, P.R. China by Adrian Zenz". The China Quarterly. 219: 886–888. doi:10.1017/S0305741014000927. JSTOR 24740656. S2CID 154326730.
  23. ^ Zenz, Adrian. "Xinjiang's System of Militarized Vocational Training Comes to Tibet". Jamestown. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  24. ^ a b c Cadell, Cate (22 September 2020). "Exclusive: China sharply expands mass labor program in Tibet". Reuters. Retrieved 23 September 2020.
  25. ^ a b "China 'coercing Tibetans into mass labour camps'". BBC News. 2020-09-23. Retrieved 2020-09-23.
  26. ^ a b c Davidson, Helen (2020-09-22). "Report charts China's expansion of mass labour programme in Tibet". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-09-23.
  27. ^ a b Dou, Eva (10 March 2021). "Academic faces Chinese lawsuit for exposing human rights abuses in Xinjiang". Washington Post. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  28. ^ a b c d e Vanderklippe, Nathan (9 March 2021). "Lawsuit against Xinjiang researcher marks new effort to silence critics of China's treatment of Uyghurs". The Globe and Mail.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  29. ^ a b Batke, Jessica (17 January 2021). "Where did the one million figure for detentions in Xinjiang's camps come from?". Mercator Institute for China Studies. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
  30. ^ "ウイグル絶望収容所の収監者数は89万人以上". Newsweek日本版 (in Japanese). 2018-03-13. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
  31. ^ "China's Pushback: Beijing questions Western reporting on Xinjiang". Al Jazeera. 25 July 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  32. ^ Westcott, Ben (25 February 2020). "Chinese government disputes Xinjiang detention records leaked to CNN". CNN. CNN. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  33. ^ Guenfoud, Ibtissem; Davies, Guy (7 March 2021). "Uighur woman living in France speaks out about alleged Chinese 're-education' camp horrors". ABC News.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  34. ^ Emmott, Robin; Brunnstromm, David (22 March 2020). "West sanctions China over Xinjiang abuses, Beijing hits back at EU". Reuters.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  35. ^ Cook, Lorne. "EU slaps sanctions on 4 Chinese officials over Uyghur abuses". apnews.com. The Associated Press. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  36. ^ a b c Barnett, Robert (29 March 2021). "China's Policies in Its Far West: The Claim of Tibet-Xinjiang Equivalence". Asia Unbound. Council on Foreign Relations.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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