2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the Netherlands
| 2022 monkeypox outbreak in the Netherlands | |
|---|---|
| Disease | Human monkeypox |
| Virus strain | Monkeypox virus (MPV), West African clade, 2017–2019 outbreak subclade[1] |
| Source | Travel from Nigeria (presumed/hypothesis)[2][3] |
| First outbreak | London, England (first outside West Africa) |
| Date | 4 May 2022 – ongoing (2 years and 6 months) |
| Confirmed cases | 257 |
Deaths | 0 |
The 2022 monkeypox outbreak in the Netherlands is an ongoing global outbreak which has also spread in the Netherlands. The RIVM declared the disease an A-disease which makes it mandatory to report suspected cases to the GGD. The first human case of monkeypox in the Netherlands has been identified at the 21st of May 2022. The outbreak does have a noticable impact at the society, especially with people spreading misinformation related to the virus. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has increased the fear among the community for a new pandemic like monkeypox.[4]
Background
Mpox (/ˈɛmpɒks/, EM-poks; formerly known as monkeypox)[5] is an infectious viral disease that can occur in humans and other animals. Symptoms include a rash that forms blisters and then crusts over, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. The illness is usually mild, and most infected individuals recover within a few weeks without treatment. The time from exposure to the onset of symptoms ranges from three to seventeen days, and symptoms typically last from two to four weeks. However, cases may be severe, especially in children, pregnant women, or people with suppressed immune systems.[6][7][8]
The disease is caused by the monkeypox virus, a zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus. The variola virus, which causes smallpox, is also in this genus.[9] Human-to-human transmission can occur through direct contact with infected skin or body fluids, including sexual contact.[9] People remain infectious from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and healed.[6] The virus may spread from infected animals through handling infected meat or via bites or scratches.[6] Diagnosis can be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing a lesion for the virus's DNA.[9]
Vaccination is recommended for those at high risk of infection.[9] No vaccine has been developed specifically against mpox, but smallpox vaccines have been found to be effective.[10] There is no specific treatment for the disease, so the aim of treatment is to manage the symptoms and prevent complications.[9][11] Antiviral drugs such as tecovirimat can be used to treat mpox,[9] although their effectiveness has not been proved.[12]Statistics
There are currently 211 cases of the monkeypox virus in the Netherlands and zero deaths. The RIVM does update their monkeypox statistics two times per week, usually at Tuesday, and Thursday.
References
- ^ Rambaut, Andrew (21 May 2022). "Discussion of on-going MPXV genome sequencing". Virological.org. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ "Monkeypox spreads in West, baffling African scientists". ABC News. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- ^ Mandavilli, Apoorva (18 May 2022). "A Massachusetts Man Is Infected With Monkeypox". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2022.
- ^ Piper, Kelsey (28 May 2022). "Stop scolding people for worrying about monkeypox". vox.com. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "WHO recommends new name for monkeypox disease" (Press release). World Health Organization (WHO). 28 November 2022. Archived from the original on 1 December 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
- ^ a b c "Mpox". World Health Organization (WHO). 17 August 2024. Archived from the original on 19 August 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
- ^ "WHO Factsheet – Mpox (Monkeypox)". World Health Organization (WHO). 18 April 2023. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
- ^ "Mpox Symptoms". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 15 March 2024. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f "WHO Factsheet – Mpox (Monkeypox)". World Health Organization (WHO). 18 April 2023. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
- ^ Christodoulidou MM, Mabbott NA (1 January 2023). "Efficacy of smallpox vaccines against Mpox infections in humans". Immunotherapy Advances. 3 (1): ltad020. doi:10.1093/immadv/ltad020. PMC 10598838. PMID 37886620.
- ^ "Mpox (formerly Monkeypox)". NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. 6 December 2022. Archived from the original on 23 May 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
- ^ "Patient's Guide to Mpox Treatment with Tecovirimat (TPOXX)". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 28 November 2022. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
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