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Evans Memorial Chapel

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Coordinates: 39°40′36″N 104°57′47″W / 39.67667°N 104.96306°W / 39.67667; -104.96306
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Evans Memorial Chapel
Eastern exterior of the chapel, 2009
Evans Memorial Chapel is located in Colorado
Evans Memorial Chapel
Evans Memorial Chapel is located in the United States
Evans Memorial Chapel
LocationUniversity of Denver campus, Denver, Colorado
Coordinates39°40′36″N 104°57′47″W / 39.67667°N 104.96306°W / 39.67667; -104.96306
Area0.2 acres (0.081 ha)
Built1878 (moved 1959–1960)
Architectural styleEarly Gothic Revival
NRHP reference No.74000567[1]
CSRHP No.5DV.174[2]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPDecember 27, 1974
Designated NHL1988

The Evans Memorial Chapel (often simply Evans Chapel)[3] is an historic chapel on the campus of the University of Denver in Colorado. It is the oldest continuously-used building for religious purposes in Denver.[1][3]: 105 [4][note 1] Completed in 1878, the Evans Memorial Chapel was built with patronage by John Evans in honor of his daughter Josephine. Evans was governor of the Colorado Territory and a founder of the Colorado Seminary (now the University of Denver).[7] Formerly part of Grace Church, a prominent Methodist Episcopal congregation on 13th Avenue and Bannock in downtown Denver, the small chapel was moved to the University of Denver's campus in 1959. It reopened there in April 1960, and is now the campus's oldest building.[8] It currently serves as an interdenominational chapel and wedding venue.[9]

History

John Evans with daughter Josephine, c. 1859
Evans Chapel at original location, c. 1880–1888

John Evans, the then-former governor of the Territory of Colorado, had founded both Northwestern University and Colorado Seminary as Methodist Episcopal colleges, the latter eventually becoming the University of Denver.[10] In 1873, Evans contributed funding after being asked to support the construction of a new church that had grown out of Lawerence Street Methodist Church's mission in what was then southern Denver.[11]: 128  The same year, Evans also initiated subscription fundraising for this chapel's construction to honor his late daughter Josephine, who had died of consumption in 1868 at age 24.[12][13]: 81  Josephine had been married to former territorial governor and Colorado Supreme Court justice Samuel Hitt Elbert.[11]: 11 

After several years of slow subscription collection, the chapel–which cost $13,000 (equivalent to $410,441 in 2023)–was completed in 1878.[6]: 77 [11]: 128  Evans's friend Matthew Simpson, a Pennsylvanian bishop, dedicated the Evans Memorial Chapel on 10 October that year.[14] The chapel, on West 13th and Bannock[note 2] in Denver near the original location of Trinity Church, was one of five Methodist churches in downtown Denver, all of which experienced significant growth before 1890.[3]: 102  Many Denver leaders attended the chapel for their worship during this period.[15]: 552 

John Wesley Iliff, a staunchly Christian Colorado cattle rancher, died in February 1878. At his passing, his widow Elizabeth would use her husband's estate to fund the establishment of the Iliff School of Theology as part of University of Denver. After returning to Denver from a European tour, she met Henry White Warren, an influential Methodist Episcopal bishop and the first resident Methodist bishop of Colorado. Elizabeth, who proved successful in business like her first husband, married Warren in the Evans Chapel on 27 December 1883.[16][13]: 27 

It was common in the 19th-century Methodist Episcopal Church to reserve the best church appointments for influential non-local ministers who often only remained in the Methodist Episcopal Church's Colorado Conference territory briefly. Among these appointments was the Central Pennsylvania Conference's C. W. Buoy, the son-in-law of Bishop Simpson, to the Evans Memorial Chapel in 1882. Buoy remained only two years, drawing an salary of $6,300 (equivalent to $213,640 in 2023).[17] During Buoy's appointment, Simpson visited Denver, where he was received as a popular orator and developed a positive opinion of the city; Simpson would hold a stake in Denver real estate development at his death in 1884.[18] Henry A. Buchtel, who would later become chancellor of the University of Denver and state governor of Colorado, was a pastor in the Methodist Episcopal Church and was made the pastor of Evans Chapel in 1886.[19] Buchtel's talents there soon earned him the more prestigious pastoral position at Trinity Church.[20][3]: 103 [13]: 50  B. W. Baker was appointed as a minister of the Evans Chapel in 1881 by the local conference in Leadville and David Hastings Moore was assigned to the chapel in 1883.[21][22][23]

Grace Methodist Episcopal Church branded itself as "The Homelike Church" under Pastors Higley (top) and Thibodeau.[24]: 2 [25]

Another minister, former Indiana congressman Gilbert De La Matyr, became the chapel congregation's leader in 1886 when it numbered 183 members. At his departure in 1889, the congregation had 234 members. De La Matyr had preached a sermon in January 1888 which recognized the need to build more space for the new members. After the sermon was reprinted in the Rocky Mountain News, a new sanctuary was constructed, funded by donations, for $85,000 (equivalent to $2,882,444 in 2023). It was dedicated in January 1889 with no debt. This larger structure, adjoining the original chapel, was named Grace Church.[3]: 104–105  The 1889 expansion was a red sandstone structure like the chapel, but much larger, with a tall spire.[11]: 128 

Christian Fichthorne Reisner would become the pastor of the congregation by 1905, serving until 1911. Reisner then moved to Manhattan where he gained attention as the most oft-published Methodist pastor and as a staunch prohibitionist of "gangster sociability".[26][27][28] Elmer Ellsworth Higley became a pastor in June 1910.[24]: 1 

Grace Church's congregation at one point reached 900 members, but had shrunk to 385 by 1912. Bishop White Warren's death that year initiated a period of change for the church and area. Charles O. Thibodeau made efforts to integrate Grace Church into the changing surrounding community after becoming pastor in 1915. Succeeded by George A. Lackland in 1918, further community efforts saw the congregation grow to 1,003 members in 1922.[29]: 288–289  Among the initiatives the church organized was the Colorado Labor College, with labor organizer John R. Lawson as its dean.[30] Later pastors failed to maintain the growth: the church claimed 280 members in 1930 and the Grace Community Center was spun off from the church in 1935.[29]: 288–289 

The Grace Church Methodist congregation would move to the Denver neighborhood of University Hills after a final worship service in December 1953. The original location of the Evans Chapel and Grace Church was initially sold off to another denomination that worshipped there from 1953 to 1958.[29]: 288–289 [11]: 128 

Modern location

Evans Memorial Chapel at university location, 2022

The former Grace Church property with the chapel was resold to the University of Denver, which had been looking to purchase the property since 1947, in 1958.[11]: 128  The university intended to demolish both church buildings to construct parking for the university's law school, which had recently merged with another local law school.[31]: 148  Martin Rist, then President of the Rocky Mountain Methodist Historical Society, was informed of the plans and asked the university's chancellor Chester M. Alter to save the chapel. Alter embraced the idea and penned an opinion piece in the Rocky Mountain News entitled "Let's Save the Chapel!"[11]: 228  The move was funded by a donation from John Evans, the former president of the university's board of trustees and grandson of the governor John Evans who had sponsored the chapel's original construction, as well as other members of the Evans family.[15]: 552 [11]: 128  The site selected for the relocation was west of Mary Reed Library on an axis with Mount Evans.[31]: 150 [11]: 129 

The size of the 1889 expansion, Grace Church, made moving it impractical and it was demolished.[11]: 128  The original chapel's size, though comparatively small, made it impossible to transport the chapel in one piece the six miles to its new location; even if electrical lines and traffic lights could be removed, the building's weight of 427 tons was too great for any bridges. A Denver traffic engineer, asserting that the chapel could not be moved, said "We have enough trouble with chicken coops."[11]: 228  Instead, the chapel was disassembled, pieces marked, and transported once fully dismantled to the university's campus at a cost of $80,000 (equivalent to $823,937 in 2023).[13]: 82  Four months of rebuilding culminated on 22 April 1960 with an "Act of Thanksgiving" and re-dedication ceremony. Fourteen graduating seniors were selected to perform the dedication,[32] which was attended by 60 United Methodist Church bishops who were in Denver for the General Conference. The chapel was re-established as a "Protestant center on the campus".[15]: 552 

The area around the relocated Evans Memorial Chapel was converted into a garden for $125,000. The funding, granted to the school in 1964, came from Heber Harper, who had been chancellor of the university from 1922 to 1927.[4] Elements of the Harper Memorial Garden–also known as the Humanities Gardens[11]: 129 –used surplus stone from the chapel's relocation and the demolished Grace Church.[31]: 150 [1] When the university's larger Buchtel Chapel was lost to a fire in 1983, the Evans Chapel took over many of the destroyed building's duties.[33] The chapel was designated as a City and County of Denver landmark in 1969, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1988.[34][9] It currently hosts Masses for Catholic university students and ecumenical events.[13]: 134–136 [35][36] In 2014, the chapel was reported to average 53 weddings a year, though weddings in the Evans Chapel were halted until 2023 during renovations.[33][37]

Design

The Evans Memorial Chapel is a relatively small structure with an exterior of rusticated Colorado red sandstone.[1] The chapel's congregation rapidly outgrew the size of the building–roughly 40 feet wide, 50 feet long, and 40 feet tall[15]: 552  with seating for 64 congregants and a 12 person choir[11]: 129 –so a larger, since-demolished sanctuary was adjoined.[3]: 104–105  An example of early Gothic Revival architecture,[38] its appearance has been described as "reminiscent of chapels in the west of France."[11]: 128  The chapel's single room sits on an east-west axis, terminating in an octagonal apse to the west. A choir is below the east window and the main entrance is found on the southern wall with a small vestibule. On the ceiling are ornate open tracery wood trusses.[1]

A 1967 survey by the Colorado Historical Society assessed the building as being in "excellent" condition, though some damaged elements had been recently replaced. Among the replaced portions is a stone cross originally from the demolished larger sanctuary.[1] An organ was added in 1965.[9]

The chapel's eight stained glass windows were moved with the rest of the structure to the University of Denver's campus.[39] Due to aging and poorly executed prior repairs, some stained glass was removed to be restored with repainting and stabilization in 2022. Broken or missing pieces were replaced using the inventory of the restoring firm—the same firm that had been employed to help move the stained glass in 1959. However, it was announced that mismatched pieces would be retained as historic "idiosyncrasies". Additionally, the lead being used in the repairs dates to the same 1880s period as the original windows. The restoration is projected to be completed in 2023.[12]

While the move and reconstruction of the Evans Memorial Chapel on the University of Denver's campus included deliberate and constrained efforts to preserve the chapel's appearance and original elements, modifications were made then and over the course of the chapel's lifetime. Among these was the addition and removal of a stage before 1945 and replacement of damaged portions of the stonework.[1]

  • Skyline view of Grace Church (center) with Evans Chapel partially obscured, c. 1910
    Skyline view of Grace Church (center) with Evans Chapel partially obscured, c. 1910
  • Grace Church and Evans Chapel
    Grace Church and Evans Chapel
  • Chapel shortly before move
    Chapel shortly before move
  • Stained glass of Ruth in Evans Memorial Chapel
    Stained glass of Ruth in Evans Memorial Chapel
  • Interior and altar of chapel, 2021
    Interior and altar of chapel, 2021

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The oldest surviving religious building in Denver is Emmanuel Chapel. Formerly an Episcopalian chapel and Jewish synagogue, it is now an art gallery.[5][6]
  2. ^ A map of Denver in 1889 shows that what is now Bannock was then known as 14th Street.[11]: 25 

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Haines, Nanaruth (August 14, 1974). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory–Nomination: Evans Memorial Chapel". National Park Service. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  2. ^ Simmons, R. Laurie; Simmons, Thomas H. "The Instant City—The Gold Rush and Early Settlement, 1858-1892" (PDF). Discover Denver. p. 13. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Templin, J. Alton (1977). "Metropolitan Denver, 1884–1912". In Templin, J. Alton; Breck, Allen D.; Rist, Martin (eds.). The Methodist, Evangelical, and United Brethren Churches in the Rockies, 1850–1976. Denver: Rocky Mountain Conference of the United Methodist Church.
  4. ^ a b "Contracts Signed Tuesday for DU Gardens". Colorado Springs Gazette. Colorado Springs, CO. 26 November 1964. p. 13. Retrieved 19 October 2022 – via NewspaperArchive.
  5. ^ "History". Denver, CO: Emmanuel Art Gallery. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  6. ^ a b Templin, J. Alton (1976). "Methodists". In Arps, Louisa Ward (ed.). Faith on the Frontier: Religion in Colorado before August 1876. Denver, CO: Colorado Council of Churches.
  7. ^ Catlett, Sharon R. (2007). Farmlands, Forts, and Country Life: The Story of Southwest Denver. Big Earth Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-56579-545-7.
  8. ^ Jensen, Kelly (3 November 2016). "The DU neighborhood: classic beauty and college vibes". Denver, CO: KUSA. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  9. ^ a b c Fisher, Steve (1 March 2005). "Evans Chapel: A building with heart". University of Denver Magazine. Denver: University of Denver. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  10. ^ "Governor John Evans History Colorado Mss.00226" (PDF). History Colorado. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Breck, Allen duPont (1972). John Evans of Denver: Portrait of a Twentieth Century Banker. The West in American History (1st ed.). Boulder, CO: Pruett Publishing Company; University of Denver. ISBN 0-87108-054-0.
  12. ^ a b Atkinson, Emma (31 August 2022). "The Story of Stained Glass: Restoring Evans Chapel's Historic Windows". DU Newsroom. University of Denver. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  13. ^ a b c d e Fisher, Steve (2014). The University of Denver: A History. Charleston, SC: History Press. ISBN 978-1-62619-318-5.
  14. ^ "Bishop Simpson Dedicates". Grace Church Call. Denver, CO: Grace Church. 14 March 1943. Retrieved 21 October 2022 – via Denver Public Library Special Collections.
  15. ^ a b c d Templin, J. Alton (1977). "The Administration of Bishop Glenn Randall Phillips, 1948–1964". In Templin, J. Alton; Breck, Allen D.; Rist, Martin (eds.). The Methodist, Evangelical, and United Brethren Churches in the Rockies, 1850–1976. Denver: Rocky Mountain Conference of the United Methodist Church.
  16. ^ "The Iliff Family Papers: Biographical Sketches". Denver: Iliff School of Theology. Archived from the original on 8 November 2010. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  17. ^ Gravely, William B. (1977). "The Expansion of the Colorado Conference, 1863–1883". In Templin, J. Alton; Breck, Allen D.; Rist, Martin (eds.). The Methodist, Evangelical, and United Brethren Churches in the Rockies, 1850–1976. Denver: Rocky Mountain Conference of the United Methodist Church. p. 64-64.
  18. ^ "Bishop Simpson's Death". Greeley Tribune. Greeley, CO. 25 June 1884. Retrieved 20 October 2022 – via NewspaperArchive.
  19. ^ "Governor". Colorado Springs Gazette. Colorado Springs, CO. 11 October 1906. p. 20-21. Retrieved 19 October 2022 – via NewspaperArchive.
  20. ^ "Buchtel Chosen". Springfield Herald. Springfield, CO. 28 September 1906. p. 2. Retrieved 20 October 2022 – via NewspaperArchive.
  21. ^ "M.E. Appointments". Fremont County Record. Canon City, CO. 20 August 1881. Retrieved 20 October 2022 – via NewspaperArchive.
  22. ^ "State News". Delta Chief. Delta, CO. 20 August 1883. p. 2. Retrieved 20 October 2022 – via NewspaperArchive.
  23. ^ "Corbett & Ballenger's 12th Annual Denver City Directory". 1884. Retrieved 21 October 2022 – via Denver Public Library Special Collections.
  24. ^ a b Greeting. Denver, CO: Grace Methodist Episcopal Church. 23 June 1912. Retrieved 17 November 2022 – via Denver Public Library Special Collections.
  25. ^ Thibodeau, Charles Odell. The Homelike Church. Denver, CO: Grace Methodist Episcopal Church – via Denver Public Library Special Collections.
  26. ^ "The Immels". Grace Church Call. Denver, CO: Grace Church. 14 March 1943. Retrieved 21 October 2022 – via Denver Public Library Special Collections.
  27. ^ "Religion: Broadway Entertainment". Time. New York City. 4 June 1934. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  28. ^ Reisner, Christian Fichthorne (25 November 1911). "Comments from the Municipal Letter Box: Training of Municipal Experts". Denver Municipal Facts. Vol. III. City of Denver. p. 14. Retrieved 17 November 2022 – via Denver Public Library.
  29. ^ a b c Templin, J. Alton (1977). "Metropolitan Denver, 1912–1939". In Templin, J. Alton; Breck, Allen D.; Rist, Martin (eds.). The Methodist, Evangelical, and United Brethren Churches in the Rockies, 1850–1976. Denver: Rocky Mountain Conference of the United Methodist Church.
  30. ^ "Colorado Labor College". The Grace Church Call. Denver, CO: Grace Church. 22 October 1933. p. 2. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022 – via Denver Public Library Special Collections.
  31. ^ a b c Breck, Allen D. (1989). From the Rockies to the World. Denver, CO: Division of Arts and Humanities, University of Denver; Hirschfeld Press.
  32. ^ "Leon A. Winters". Greeley Daily Tribune. Greeley, CO. 11 July 1960. p. 3. Retrieved 20 October 2022 – via NewspaperArchive.
  33. ^ a b Mayer, Kathryn (19 June 2014). "DU at 150: Evans Chapel celebrates 54 years on campus". University of Denver Magazine. Denver, CO: University of Denver. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  34. ^ "Individual Landmarks in the City and County of Denver" (PDF). Denver, CO: City and County of Denver. p. 1. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  35. ^ "Daily Mass @ Evans Chapel". ducatholics.com. Denver, CO: DU Catholics. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  36. ^ "Evans Chapel to Hold Four Ash Wednesday Services". Denver, CO: University of Denver. 23 February 2009. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  37. ^ "Celebrate Your Wedding at the University of Denver". Denver, CO: University of Denver. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  38. ^ "Evans Memorial Chapel". History Colorado. Retrieved 10 November 2022.
  39. ^ "Odds & Ends: Restoring the Sparkle". University of Denver Magazine. Denver, CO: University of Denver. Fall 2022. p. 42.
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