Jump to content

Izium

Coordinates: 49°12′46″N 37°15′25″E / 49.21278°N 37.25694°E / 49.21278; 37.25694
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Freewales (talk | contribs) at 08:24, 30 June 2023 (It was not a single mass graves, but more graves in a single burial site). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Izium
Ізюм
Izyum
City
Ascension Cathedral
Church of the Exaltation of the Cross
Church of Transfiguration
World War II memorial
  • From top, left to right: Ascension Cathedral
  • Church of the Exaltation of the Cross
  • Church of Transfiguration
  • World War II memorial
Flag of Izium
Flag
Coat of arms of Izium
Coat of arms
Izium is located in Kharkiv Oblast
Izium
Izium
Location of Izium in Kharkiv Oblast
Izium is located in Ukraine
Izium
Izium
Location of Izium in Ukraine
Coordinates: 49°12′46″N 37°15′25″E / 49.21278°N 37.25694°E / 49.21278; 37.25694
Country Ukraine
Oblast Kharkiv Oblast
Raion Izium Raion
Founded1681
City status since1765[1]
Government
 • MayorValerii Marchenko[2] (Servant of the People[2])
Area
 • Total43.6 km2 (16.8 sq mi)
Elevation
71 m (233 ft)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total44,979
 • Density1,000/km2 (2,700/sq mi)
Postal code
64300
Area code380-5743
Licence plateАХ, КХ
Sister citiesTukums, Latvia

Andrychów, Poland

Khoni, Georgia
Websitecity-izyum.gov.ua
Map

Izium or Izyum[3][4] (Ukrainian: Ізюм, IPA: [iˈzʲum] ⓘ) is a city on the Donets River in Kharkiv Oblast, eastern Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Izium Raion. Izium hosts the administration of Izium urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[5] It is about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southeast of the administrative center of the oblast, Kharkiv. Izium had a population of 44,979 (2022 estimate).[6]

During the Russian Invasion of Ukraine, Russian forces occupied the city in April 2022. However, the city was recaptured by Ukrainian forces in the 2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive.

History

Church of Transfiguration at the turn of 19th and 20th centuries

In 1681, a Cossack fortress was built within a small settlement, which marks the foundation date of Izium.[7][8] It grew to be an important defense against Tatar invasions of the region.[9] In 1684 the five-domed Baroque cathedral of the Saviour's Transfiguration was built. The cathedral was renovated in 1902 and restored in 1955.

In 1765, Izium became a city, and in 1780 became an administrative center of Izyumsky Uyezd, one of the subdivisions of the Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire.

The churches of Ascension (1819–21) and of St. Nicholas (1809–23) rank among the finest Neoclassical buildings in the region. In the second half of the 19th century, the city's main exports were wool, sold to Kharkiv and Poltava, and building materials sold to Taganrog.[10]

During World War II, Izium was the site of numerous important battles. A Red Army salient was cut off by counterattacking German forces (during the Second Battle of Kharkiv) and was eliminated in one of the most expensive learning errors for the Red Army.[11] Izium was occupied by the German Army from 24 June 1942 until it was liberated on 5 February 1943.[citation needed] The Germans operated a Nazi prison in the city.[12]

Izium expanded rapidly in the 20th century due to its importance as a junction between Kharkiv and the Donets Basin.[13] In January 1989 the population was 64,334 people, up from 12,000 in 1926.[14][1]

In January 2013, its population was 51,511 people.[15]

To comply with decommunization laws, the local "Lenin Square" was renamed "John Lennon Square" in February 2016.[16]

Until 18 July 2020, Izium was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Izium Raion, though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, the city of Izium was merged into Izium Raion, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kharkiv Oblast to seven.[17][18]

Izium was the site of sporadic fighting during the Russian-Ukrainian conflict in 2014. The Sloviansk-Izium highway was referred to as the "highway of death" by locals during the summer of 2014. Large-scale fighting halted once Ukrainian forces liberated Sloviansk.[19]

In May 2022, Russian forces attempted to cross the Siverskyi Donets River and advance south.[20] Ukrainian forces rebuffed the attempted river crossing with substantial Russian losses. However, after the Battle of Izium Russia gained control of the city.[citation needed] The June 2022 Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz was featured in Lubomir Levitski's documentary Follow Me.[21][22]

Ukraine began a counteroffensive in the Kharkiv region in early September 2022, during which Izium was liberated. After liberation from the Russian invaders, local police officers found mass graves of 440 bodies.[23] More than 80% of the town infrastructure is destroyed; about 70% of multi-storey buildings are destroyed. The town administration estimates that all in all, about 1,000 people lost their lives under the Russian occupation.[24]

Twin towns

On April 17, 2023, Izium formed a Sister City partnership with Greenwich, Connecticut, USA.[25]

Geography

Climate

The Köppen climate classification subtype for this climate is "Dfb", warm summer continental climate.[26]

Climate data for Izium (1981–2010, extremes 1949–2011)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 13.1
(55.6) 		16.3
(61.3) 		24.0
(75.2) 		31.0
(87.8) 		36.7
(98.1) 		37.4
(99.3) 		39.1
(102.4) 		39.4
(102.9) 		34.4
(93.9) 		31.1
(88.0) 		22.0
(71.6) 		20.0
(68.0) 		39.4
(102.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.9
(28.6) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		5.0
(41.0) 		14.7
(58.5) 		21.6
(70.9) 		25.1
(77.2) 		27.4
(81.3) 		26.8
(80.2) 		20.6
(69.1) 		12.9
(55.2) 		4.3
(39.7) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		12.9
(55.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.1
(24.6) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		1.3
(34.3) 		9.5
(49.1) 		15.6
(60.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		21.5
(70.7) 		20.1
(68.2) 		14.4
(57.9) 		8.0
(46.4) 		1.6
(34.9) 		−2.9
(26.8) 		8.4
(47.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −6.9
(19.6) 		−7.2
(19.0) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		4.5
(40.1) 		10.2
(50.4) 		14.3
(57.7) 		16.0
(60.8) 		14.9
(58.8) 		9.9
(49.8) 		4.4
(39.9) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		−5.7
(21.7) 		4.2
(39.6)
Record low °C (°F) −35.0
(−31.0) 		−36.1
(−33.0) 		−29.7
(−21.5) 		−9.0
(15.8) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		1.1
(34.0) 		3.0
(37.4) 		1.1
(34.0) 		−6.7
(19.9) 		−17.0
(1.4) 		−22.6
(−8.7) 		−33.2
(−27.8) 		−36.1
(−33.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 47.9
(1.89) 		43.3
(1.70) 		44.0
(1.73) 		37.9
(1.49) 		48.3
(1.90) 		62.8
(2.47) 		58.8
(2.31) 		38.2
(1.50) 		48.9
(1.93) 		43.0
(1.69) 		46.0
(1.81) 		46.2
(1.82) 		565.3
(22.26)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.4 8.8 8.4 7.0 7.2 8.5 7.5 5.2 6.7 6.5 7.7 9.2 93.1
Average relative humidity (%) 84.9 81.8 77.3 67.5 64.9 68.2 68.2 67.5 73.4 79.2 85.1 85.5 75.3
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[27]
Source 2: Climatebase.ru (extremes)[28]
  • Izium City Hall
    Izium City Hall
  • A monument commemorating the battle of Vladimir Monomakh against Polovtsians
    A monument commemorating the battle of Vladimir Monomakh against Polovtsians
  • A historical building in Izium
    A historical building in Izium
  • The Spartak cinema
    The Spartak cinema
  • The Ascension Church
    The Ascension Church
  • The Transfiguration Church
    The Transfiguration Church
  • The Holy Cross Church
    The Holy Cross Church
  • A holy well in Izium
    A holy well in Izium
  • Izyum railway station
    Izyum railway station

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Изюм // Большой энциклопедический словарь (в 2-х тт.). / редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. том 1. М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1991. стр.481
  2. ^ a b (in Ukrainian) "Elections in Kharkiv Region: Kernes' Son in the Regional Council and Local Success "Servants of the People"". The Ukrainian Week. 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  3. ^ "Ukraine counter-offensive: Russian forces retreat as Ukraine takes key towns". BBC News. 10 September 2022.
  4. ^ "Izyum". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  5. ^ "Изюмская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
  6. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  7. ^ Изюм // Большая Советская Энциклопедия. / редколл., гл. ред. Б. А. Введенский. 2-е изд. том 17. М., Государственное научное издательство «Большая Советская энциклопедия», 1952. стр.522
  8. ^ Изюм // Украинская Советская Энциклопедия. том 4. Киев, «Украинская Советская энциклопедия», 1980. стр.231
  9. ^ "Entry Display Web Page".
  10. ^ Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom III (in Polish). Warszawa. 1882. p. 336.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  11. ^ The Second World War on the Eastern Front by Lee Baker, Routledge, 2009, ISBN 9781405840637 (page 60)
  12. ^ "Gefängnis Izjum". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  13. ^ "Entry Display Web Page".
  14. ^ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved Sep 11, 2022.
  15. ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2013 року. Державна служба статистики України. Київ, 2013. стор.96" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2019-07-16.
  16. ^ Not Back in the USSR! Beatles star John Lennon gets a street named after him in Ukraine, Ukraine Today (2 March 2016)
    Poroshenko signed the laws about decomunization. Ukrayinska Pravda. 15 May 2015
    Poroshenko signs laws on denouncing Communist, Nazi regimes, Interfax-Ukraine. 15 May 20
    Goodbye, Lenin: Ukraine moves to ban communist symbols, BBC News (14 April 2015)
  17. ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  18. ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
  19. ^ "Дорога смерти Изюм – Славянск: как это было". Information Resistance. Archived from the original on 2018-06-24. Retrieved 2015-08-10.
  20. ^ Marc Santora (May 13, 2022). "Ukraine decimated Russian forces trying to cross a river in the east, Britain's defense ministry says". The New York Times. Retrieved May 17, 2022.
  21. ^ "Ægtepar drejede forkert ved frontlinjen - nu er optagelse blevet vigtigt bevis - TV 2". TV 2 (Denmark) (in Danish). 2023-03-22. Archived from the original on 2023-03-22. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  22. ^ Agapiou, Gina (24 Feb 2023). "Protests and events in Cyprus to mark one year since Russia's invasion of Ukraine". Cyprus Mail. Archived from the original on 2023-03-04. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  23. ^ Kramer, Andrew E.; Santora, Marc (2022-09-16). "Mass Grave With 440 Bodies Found in Izium, Ukraine Says". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-09-16.
  24. ^ "ООН направит следователей на места массовых захоронений в Изюме". 16 September 2022.
  25. ^ "Greenwich officials, Ukrainian leaders meet to formalize sister city relationship with Izyum". News 12 - Connecticut. April 17, 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
  26. ^ "Izyum, Ukraine Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". www.weatherbase.com. Retrieved Sep 11, 2022.
  27. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  28. ^ "Izmium, Ukraine Climate data (Period supervision: 1949–2011)". Climatebase. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Izium&oldid=1162631444"