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Pseuduvaria froggattii

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Pseuduvaria froggattii
Tree with fruit in Cairns Botanic Gardens
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: Pseuduvaria
Species:
P. froggattii
Binomial name
Pseuduvaria froggattii
Synonyms[2][3]

Mitrephora froggattii F.Muell.

Pseuduvaria froggattii is a rare species of tree which is restricted to a very small part of northeastern Queensland, Australia. It is a member of the custard apple and soursop family Annonaceae, and was first described in 1887. Despite the small range its status considered to be least concern.

Description

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Pseuduvaria froggattii is a small rainforest tree reaching 15 m (49 ft) in height and a DBH (trunk diameter) of up to 15 cm (5.9 in).[4]: 308  It has elliptic to lanceolate, membranous to papery leaves that measure up to 30 cm (12 in) long by 9 cm (3.5 in) wide.[4]: 308 [5][6] They are obtuse to rounded at the base and acuminate (tapering) at the tip,[4]: 308 [6] with the tapering portion 10–26 mm (0.4–1.0 in) long.[citation needed] They are glabrous (hairless) on their upper and lower surfaces and have 7-10 pairs of secondary veins branching from the rachis, or midrib.[4]: 308 [6] The hairless petiole is 4–10 mm (0.16–0.39 in) long with a narrow groove on the upper side.[4]: 308 [6]

This species is dioecious,[4]: 307  meaning that pistilate (functionally female) and staminate (functionally male) flowers are borne on separate plants. The inflorescences of both male and female plants are dense clusters produced from the trunk, branches and twigs.[4]: 308 [6] The male plants may also produce flowers in the leaf axils, in which case the inflorescence will consist of just one or few flowers.[4]: 308 [6] Flowers are held on pedicels that are minutely hairy, measure up to 32 mm (1.3 in) long, and are tapered with the thicker end attached to the flower.[4]: 307, 308 

The individual flowers are very distinctive, with an appearance somewhat reminiscent of a jingle bell (see gallery). Each flower has 6 petals arranged in two rows, with the petals of one row alternating with the other. The inner petals are larger, with a quite narrow base but a much wider tip. They arch over the flower centre and connect to each other, forming a dome or canopy over the reproductive organs in the centre of the flower. The narrow bases of the petals ensure that there are three gaps on the sides of the dome that allow pollinators access to the stamens or stigmas.[4]: 307 [7]: 255  The dome measures about 12–15 mm (0.47–0.59 in) wide and long.[4]: 308 [7]: 255 

The outer petals are smaller and are reflexed outwards, and since these petals alternate with the inner petals, they are thus positioned adjacent to the gaps formed by the latter. The outer petals are rounded, measuring about 9 mm (0.35 in) long by 8 mm (0.31 in) wide.[4]: 308 

The fruit are yellow or orange when ripe, obovoid to ellipsoid in shape (i.e. like a Rugby ball), and measure about 20 mm (0.79 in) long. They contain one or two rugose (wrinkled) seeds.[4]: 308 [5][6]

Reproductive biology

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The pollen of P. froggattii is shed as permanent tetrads.[8] Its flowers are pollinated by flies, including Drosophilidae and dung flies.[9][7]

Phytochemistry

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Oils extracted from its leaves contain high levels of caryophyllene and spathulenol.[10]

Taxonomy

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The species was first described by the German-born Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller, who gave it the name Mitrephora froggattii. His description was based on plant material collected 1886 by W. Sayer and W. Froggatt from the Mossman River, and was published in January 1887 in the Australasian Journal of Pharmacy.[4][11] In 1986 the Australian botanist Laurence W. Jessup gave the species the new combination Pseuduvaria froggattii, which was published in a brief one page paper in the journal of the Queensland Herbarium Austrobaileya.[12] This was followed by a formal description published in 1987, also in Austrobaileya.[4]

Etymology

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The genus name Pseuduvaria is derived from a combination of the Ancient Greek word pseúdō, meaning "false", and the name of the related genus Uvaria. The species epithet froggattii was given by Mueller to honour Froggatt as one of the collectors of specimens he examined.[6][13]

Distribution and habitat

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This species is restricted to a small part of Queensland's Wet Tropics, from Melissa Creek near Cape Tribulation in the north, to the area around Black Mountain, southwest of Port Douglas.[6][14] The total area of occupancy of this species is just 128 km2 (49 sq mi) with 145 observation records.[15]

It grows as an understory tree in rainforest on a variety of soil types including loose mixtures, moist substrates, loams and rocky soils in mature rainforests at elevations of 5-60 meters.[5][6][16][page needed]

Ecology

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Pseuduvaria froggattii is the host species for the larvae of the green-spotted triangle and pale green triangle butterflies.[5] The fruits are eaten by cassowaries.[13]

Conservation

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This species is listed by the Queensland Department of Environment and Science as least concern.[1] As of 25 November 2023, it has not been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

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  • Foliage
    Foliage
  • Inflorescence
    Inflorescence
  • Close up of flowers
    Close up of flowers
  • Ripe and immature fruit
    Ripe and immature fruit
  • Stem
    Stem

References

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  1. ^ a b "Species profile—Pseuduvaria froggattii". Queensland Department of Environment and Science. Queensland Government. 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Pseuduvaria froggattii". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  3. ^ a b "Pseuduvaria froggattii (F.Muell.) Jessup". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Jessup, L.W. (1987). "The Genus Pseuduvaria Miq. (Annonaceae) in Australia". Austrobaileya. 2 (4): 307–313. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Pseuduvaria froggattii". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Jessup, L.W. (2021). "Pseuduvaria froggattii". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  7. ^ a b c Gottsberger, Gerhard (2012). "How diverse are Annonaceae with regard to pollination?". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 169 (1): 245–261. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2011.01209.x. ISSN 0024-4074.
  8. ^ Su, Yvonne C. F.; Saunders, Richard M. K. (2003). "Pollen structure, tetrad cohesion and pollen-connecting threads in Pseuduvaria (Annonaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 143 (1): 69–78. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00204.x. ISSN 1095-8339.
  9. ^ Silberbauer-Gottsberger, Ilse; Gottsberger, Gerhard; Webber, Antonio C. (2003). "Morphological and functional flower characteristics of New and Old World Annonaceae with respect to their mode of pollination". Taxon. 52 (4): 701–718. doi:10.2307/4135543. ISSN 0040-0262. JSTOR 4135543.
  10. ^ Brophy, Joseph J.; Goldsack, Robert J.; Hook, James M.; Fookes, Christopher J.R.; Forster, Paul I. (2004). "The Leaf Essential Oils of the Australian Species of Pseuduvaria (Annonaceae)". Journal of Essential Oil Research. 16 (4): 362–366. doi:10.1080/10412905.2004.9698743. ISSN 1041-2905. S2CID 95394730.
  11. ^ "Mitrephora froggattii". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  12. ^ Jessup, L.W. (1986). "New Combinations in Australian Annonaceae". Austrobaileya. 2 (3): 227. JSTOR 41738674.
  13. ^ a b Cooper, Wendy; Cooper, William T. (June 2004). Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest. Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia: Nokomis Editions. p. 27. ISBN 9780958174213. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  14. ^ "Search: species: Pseuduvaria froggattii | Occurrence records". Australasian Virtual Herbarium. Australian Government. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
  15. ^ "Spatial Portal". Atlas of Living Australia. CSIRO. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  16. ^ Su, Yvonne C.F.; Saunders, Richard M.K. (2006). Monograph of Pseuduvaria (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs. Vol. 79. American Society of Plant Taxonomists. pp. 1–204. JSTOR 25027955.
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