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Draft:Casa Colorada

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Casa Colorada
General information
TypeNational Monument
LocationSantiago Centre
AddressMerced 860, Santiago, Región Metropolitana
Town or citySantiago
CountryChile
Current tenantsMuseum of Santiago
Year(s) built1769
Website
https://www.monumentos.gob.cl/monumentos/monumentos-historicos/casa-colorada

The Casa Colorada is a building located in the street Merced 890, close to the Plaza de Armas y in front of the paseo Phillips, in the centre of the city of Santiago, Chile. Built between 1769 and 1779 as the residence of Mateo de Toro Zambrano, is one of the main surviving examples of the Chilean colonial town house. It was declared a national monument of Chile, in the category of historic monument, by Decree Law No. 1869 of 11 August 1977, and since 1981 it has housed the Museum of Santiago.[1]

The construction of the house began in 1769, commissioned by Mateo de Toro Zambrano to the Portuguese architect Joseph de la Vega. Its construction was completed in 1779, and it became the first residence to have a two-storey façade, which was an innovation due to the seismic characteristics of the country.[1][2]

La Casa Colorada cerca de 1848, por Ernest Charton.

After independence, the surroundings of the house began to change from an aristocratic area to a commercial and financial area, with an architecture that sought to modernise the urban landscape in order to eliminate colonial references. The building resisted these changes, and continued in the hands of the de Toro Zambrano family until 1945, when it became a commercial gallery called "Galería Colonial", which housed 37 businesses and restaurants.[1][3]

On 8 May 1963, the Casa Colorada suffered a fire as a result of a short circuit in the wooden loft of room 36, corresponding to the printing shop of Carlos Gómez Laiz. The fire caused the explosion of a liquefied gas cylinder, and also left 13 people injured and damage worth 500,000 escudos.[4][5]

On 30 April 1960, within the framework of the celebrations of the sesquicentenary of the First Government Junta, Law 13936 was published, which declared the Casa Colorada as a National Monument and at the same time ordered its relocation and reconstruction in the Plaza Santa Ana, located in front of theiglesia homónima,[6] with a project designed by the architects Luis Garretón and Carlos Cañas, which sought to install the «Museo de Santiago» inside.[7][8] The project was taken up again in May 1969 when Decree 447 was published authorising the plans and materials needed for the relocation of the building,,[9] citing the need to widen Merced Street,[10] and met with fierce opposition from architects and academics;[11][12] In December 1969, the Chilean Association of Architects spoke out against the demolition and relocation of the structure.[13]

It continued in commercial use until 1977, when by Decree Law 1869 it was declared a historic monument to house the headquarters of the Chilean Academies of History and Language and was acquired by the Municipality of Santiago; at the same time the articles of Law 13936 that determined its relocation to Plaza Santa Ana were repealed.[14] However, in 1981, after a restoration due to a fire in the late 1970s, it began to house the Museum of Santiago.[1][15]

The 2010 earthquake left the building with structural damage, especially to the oak beams and the mortar of the ashlar stone walls, and the museum was closed to the public.[1] In 2020, a phase of architectural rehabilitation and renovation of the museum began.[3][15]

Its brick façade is two storeys high, and its first level has a stone roof. It also has semicircular arches and stone balconies with wrought iron.[3]

Its walls are made of ashlar stone, and its roof is made of oak wood, while the mezzanine is made of cinnamon with Chusquea Culeou frames. Its internal layout follows the patterns of the time of its construction, with interior courtyards surrounded by the rooms.[1]

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Casa Colorada". Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales. Retrieved 8 de noviembre de 2020. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  2. ^ "Casa Colorada". Aurora de Chile. Retrieved 8 de noviembre de 2020. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  3. ^ a b c "Esperado encuentro". 26 de septiembre de 2020. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ "Se quemó anoche la Casa Colorada" (PDF). La Nación. 9 de mayo de 1963. pp. 1–3. Retrieved 18 de diciembre de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)
  5. ^ Cuerpo de Bomberos de Santiago (1964). "Memorias de la Secretaría General y de la Comandancia, correspondientes al año 1963" (PDF). 116. Retrieved 18 de diciembre de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  6. ^ Ministerio del Interior (30 de abril de 1960). "LEY 13936 FACULTA AL PRESIDENTE DE LA REPUBLICA PARA ORGANIZAR LAS FESTIVIDADES DEL 150.O ANIVERSARIO DE LA INDEPENDENCIA NACIONAL". LeyChile. Retrieved 18 de diciembre de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)
  7. ^ "Renovación urbana en el centro histórico de Santiago, Chile: el caso de la manzana de la Casa Colorada". 1-25. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. 2023. Retrieved 18 de diciembre de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  8. ^ Yunge, Guillermo (agosto de 1968). "Santiago colonial" (PDF). En Viaje. pp. 19–21. Retrieved 18 de diciembre de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)
  9. ^ Ministerio del Interior (8 de mayo de 1969). "Decreto 447, Determina materiales, planos y lugar de reconstrucción de la "Casa Colorada", desafectando y destinando los terrenos correspondientes". 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 de diciembre de 2023. Retrieved 18 de diciembre de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)
  10. ^ "Ladrillo a ladrillo cambiarán de sitio a la "Casa Colorada"" (PDF). 3. 9 de mayo de 1969. Retrieved 18 de diciembre de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)
  11. ^ Mardones Restat, Gonzalo (1969). "La Casa Colorada". AUCA. Retrieved 18 de diciembre de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  12. ^ "Casa Colorada". AUCA. 1969. Retrieved 18 de diciembre de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  13. ^ "¿Qué Resta, por Ultimo, de la Casa Colorada?" (PDF). 2. 31 de diciembre de 1969. Retrieved 18 de diciembre de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)
  14. ^ Ministerio del Interior (11 de agosto de 1977). "DECRETO LEY 1869 AUTORIZA A LA MUNICIPALIDAD DE SANTIAGO PARA EXPROPIAR EL INMUEBLE DENOMINADO CASA COLORADA, UBICADO EN LA COMUNA DE SANTIAGO". LeyChile. Retrieved 18 de diciembre de 2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)
  15. ^ a b "Museo de Santiago Casa Colorada". Santiago Cultura. Retrieved 8 de noviembre de 2020. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
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