Oji-Cree
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2009) |
Anishinini | |
---|---|
![]() Distribution of Anishinaabe peoples; the Oji-Cree are depicted by the orange band. | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Canada (Ontario, Manitoba) | |
Languages | |
Oji-Cree, English | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Ojibwe, Cree |
The Oji-Cree or Anisininew[1] are a First Nation in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba, residing in a narrow band extending from the Missinaibi River region in Northeastern Ontario at the east to Lake Winnipeg at the west.
The Oji-Cree people are descended from historical intermarriage between the Ojibwa and Cree cultures, but are generally considered a nation distinct from either of their ancestral groups.[2] They are considered one of the component groups of Anishinaabe, and reside primarily in a transitional zone between traditional Ojibwa lands to their south and traditional Cree lands to their north. Historically, the Oji-Cree were identified by the British and Canadian governments as "Cree." The Oji-Cree have identified with the Cree (or more specifically, the Swampy Cree) and not with the Ojibwa located to the south of them. Traditionally, they were called Noopiming-ininiwag (People in the Woods) by the Ojibwe. Oji-Cree at Round Lake First Nation were known as Ajijaakoons (little cranes), due to their chief's name, Ajijaak. The Oji-Cree identify by the autonym Anishinaabe or Anishinini (Original Human). In 2024, 22 different First Nations governments officially adopted the name Anisininew to replace the term "Oji-Cree."[3]
Their language and culture also derive from mixed Ojibwa and Cree traditions. Anishininimowin (the Oji-Cree language) is more closely related to Ojibwa structurally, although its literary tradition more closely resembles that of Cree. Anishinaabemowin has about 12,600 speakers.[4]
Oji-Cree bands
- Severn River Cree (historical)
- Big Trout Lake Band of Cree (historical)
- Deer Lake Band of Cree (historical)
- Deer Lake First Nation – Deer Lake Reserve
- Keewaywin First Nation – Kee-Way-Win Indian Settlement, Keewaywin Reserve
- Koocheching First Nation –
- McDowell Lake First Nation – MacDowell Lake Indian Settlement
- North Spirit Lake First Nation – North Spirit Lake Reserve
- Sandy Lake First Nation – Sandy Lake 88 Reserve
- Island Lake Band of Cree (historical)
- Garden Hill First Nation – Garden Hill First Nation Reserve, Amik Wachink Sakahikan Indian Reserve, Wesha Kijay Wasagamach Indian Reserve, Seeseep Sakahikan Indian Reserve, Pe-ta-waygamak Indian Reserve
- Red Sucker Lake First Nation – Red Sucker Lake 1976 Reserve
- St. Theresa Point First Nation – St. Theresa Point Indian Reserve, Mukwa Narrows Indian Reserve, Cantin Lake Indian Reserve
- Wasagamack First Nation – Wasagamack Indian Reserve, Feather Rapids Indian Reserve, Naytawunkank Indian Reserve
- Upland Ojibway (historical)
- Osnaburgh House Band of Ojibway (historical)
- Cat Lake First Nation – Cat Lake 63C Reserve
- Mishkeegogamang First Nation (formerly known as New Osnaburgh House Band of Ojibway) – Osnaburgh 63A Reserve, Osnaburgh 63B Reserve
- Slate Falls First Nation – Slate Falls Indian Settlement
- Ojibway Nation of Saugeen First Nation – Ojibway Nation of Saugeen Reserve
- Fort Hope Band of Ojibway or Cree (historical)
- Aroland First Nation – Aroland Indian Settlement
- Constance Lake First Nation –
- Eabametoong First Nation (also known as Fort Hope First Nation) – Fort Hope 64 Reserve
- Marten Falls First Nation – Marten Falls 65 Reserve
- Neskantaga First Nation (formerly Lansdowne House First Nation) – Summer Beaver Settlement, Neskantaga Reserve
- Nibinamik First Nation (also known as Summer Beaver First Nation – Summer Beaver Settlement
- Whitewater First Nation –
- Osnaburgh House Band of Ojibway (historical)
- Winisk River Cree (historical)
- Caribou Lake Band of Cree (Historical)
- Kasabonika Lake First Nation (ᑳᓭᐹᓇᐦᑳ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᐊᓂᐦᓯᓂᓂᐗᐠ (Gaa-zebaanikaa Nistam Anisininiwag); unpointed: ᑲᓭᐸᓂᑲ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᐊᓂᓯᓂᓂᐗᐠ) – Kasabonika Lake Reserve
- Kingfisher First Nation – Kingfisher Lake 1 Reserve, Kingfisher 2A Reserve, Kingfisher 3A Reserve
- North Caribou Lake First Nation (also known as Weagamow Lake First Nation or Round Lake First Nation) – Weagamow Lake Indian Reserve 87
- Wapekeka First Nation (formerly Angling Lake First Nation) – Wapekeka Reserve 1, Wapekeka Reserve 2
- Wawakapewin First Nation (ᐙᐙᑲᐯᐎᐣ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᐊᓂᐦᔑᓂᓂᐗᐠ (Waawaagabewin Nistam Anishininiwag); unpointed: ᐗᐗᑲᐯᐎᐣ ᓂᐢᑕᒼ ᐊᓂᔑᓂᓂᐗᐠ) (formerly Nemeigusabins Lake Band, Long Dog Lake Band or Long Dog Band) – Wawakapewin Indian Reserve
- Webequie First Nation – Webiqui Indian Settlement, Webequi Indian Reserve
- Wunnumin Lake First Nation – Wunnumin 1 Reserve, Wunnumin 2 Reserve
- Caribou Lake Band of Cree (Historical)
References
Further reading
- Favel, Fred (2001). Northern Lights and Satellites: Kenina Kakekayash, Oji-Cree, Director of Radio, Wawatay Radio Network. Ottawa: Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. ISBN 0-662-65945-7.
- Long, John (2010). Treaty No. 9: Making the Agreement to Share the Land in Far Northern Ontario in 1905. Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 978-0-77353-760-6.
- Macfie, John; Johnston, Basil (1991). Hudson Bay Watershed A Photographic Memoir of the Ojibway, Cree, and Oji-Cree. Toronto: Dundurn Press. ISBN 1-55002-088-9.
- Rogers, Edward S.; Taylor, Garth (1978). "Northern Ojibwa". In Sturtevant, William C. (ed.). Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 6: Subarctic. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-160-04578-9.
- Triggs-Raine, B. L.; Kirkpatrick, R. D.; Kelly, S. L.; Norquay, L. D.; Cattini, P. A.; Yamagata, K.; Hanley, A. J.; Zinman, B.; Harris, S. B.; Barrett, P. H.; Hegele, R. A. (2002). "HNF-1alpha G319S, a Transactivation-Deficient Mutant, Is Associated with Altered Dynamics of Diabetes Onset in an Oji-Cree Community". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (7): 4614–4619. Bibcode:2002PNAS...99.4614T. doi:10.1073/pnas.062059799. PMC 123696. PMID 11904371.
- Valentine, Lisa Philips (1995). "Making It Their Own /Severn Ojibwe Communicative Practices". Anthropological Horizons. Vol. 7. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-0643-4.
- Valentine, Lisa Philips (1990). "Work to Create the Future You Want": Contemporary Discourse in a Severn Ojibwe Community.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)