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Linode

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Linode, LLC
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryCloud computing, web services, Internet hosting services
Founded2003; 21 years ago (2003)
HeadquartersPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
  • Christopher Aker
  • (Founder and CEO)
ProductsCloud-hosting provider
Virtual private servers
Revenue$100 million
Number of employees
200+
ParentAkamai Technologies
ASN
Websitewww.linode.com

Linode, LLC (/ˈlɪnoʊd/)[1] is an American cloud hosting provider that focuses on providing Linux-based virtual machines, cloud infrastructure, and managed services.

In 2003, at the time of its launch, Linode provided virtual private server (VPS) hosting. Linode currently serves customers from 196 countries and has data centers in 11 locations worldwide.

Linode was acquired by Akamai Technologies in February 2022 for $900 million.[2]

History

Linode (a portmanteau of the words Linux and node) was founded in 2003 by Christopher Aker. Aker is a graduate of Full Sail University in Florida.

Linode focuses on providing Linux-based virtual servers to hobbyists, developers, and small and medium-sized businesses. The company moved its headquarters to Galloway, New Jersey in 2008. Linode relocated to the historic Corn Exchange National Bank building in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 2018.

Linode opened its first data centers in Fremont, California and Dallas, Texas in 2003. It subsequently opened its regions in Atlanta in 2007, Newark in 2008, London in 2009, Tokyo[3] in 2011 and 2016, Frankfurt[4] and Singapore[5] in 2015, and Toronto,[6] Mumbai,[7][8] and Sydney[9] in 2019.

Linode transitioned its virtualization platform from UML to Xen virtualization in March 2008 and then to KVM based virtualization in mid-2015. Over the years, Linode launched numerous supporting services and products in combination with its core Linux-based VPS product (typically referred to as "Linodes").

On February 15, 2022, Akamai Technologies announced its intent to acquire Linode for $900 million. Akamai's founder and CEO Tom Leighton stated that it sought to "combine Linode's developer-friendly cloud computing capabilities with Akamai’s market-leading edge platform and security services".[10]

Products and services

Linode's flagship products are used in cloud-hosting services with multiple packages and different price points. As of November 2019, Linode has five kinds of virtualization-based computing services geared towards specific customer requirements like high memory requirements, dedicated CPU resources, virtual machines with direct access to GPUs, or general purpose usage. Linode provides services in network-based storage and backup servers. [11][12]

In September 2013, Linode launched Longview, a system performance monitoring package for Linux that allows users to view performance metrics of their instances from the Linode Cloud Manager.[13] In late October 2019, Linode launched its S3-Compatible Object Storage service to enable customers to store large, unstructured data. On November 11, 2019, at CNCF KubeCon, Linode announced the availability of its managed Kubernetes engine service.[14][15]

Compute

  • Linode Kubernetes Engine (LKE) – Kubernetes containers as a service application.
  • GPU – On-demand cloud GPU (Graphical Processing Unit) compute configurations for parallel processing workloads such as machine learning, scientific computing, and video processing.
  • Dedicated CPU – Dedicated CPU instances run on their own physical CPU cores on Linode infrastructure, not shared by other tenants.
  • High Memory – High memory compute configurations to run memory-intensive applications.
  • Shared Linodes – A balanced compute configuration for a wide range of cloud applications.
  • Nanode – $5 per month entry-level compute package to run a fully functioning Linux distribution.

Storage

  • Linode Object Storage – Highly available and scalable S3-Compatible object storage to store unstructured data.
  • Linode Block Storage – Block storage to store data in volumes, or blocks, which act as individual hard disk drives (HDD).
  • Linode Backups – Automatic data backup service.

Networking

  • VLAN – Virtual local area network[16]
  • DDoS Protection – Detection and mitigation of distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) infrastructure attacks.[17]
  • NodeBalancers – Software-defined, managed service for load balancing traffic to applications running on compute instances.
  • DNS Manager – Managed Domain Name System (DNS) service on Linode infrastructure.

Management tools

  • Cloud Manager – A user- and mobile-friendly interface to deploy and manage Linode virtual machines, configure networking, and control user accounts.
  • Linode API – API (Application Programming Interface) for programmatic access to the Linode platform.
  • Linode CLI – CLI (Command Line Interface) account access for managing Linode infrastructure.
  • Images – Create customer Linux images to simplify scaling.
  • StackScripts – Automatically customize Linode infrastructure deployments with StackScripts.
  • Monitoring – Analyze infrastructure performance, track transfer usage, and create custom alerts.

Professional services

  • Managed – An incident response service to help businesses reduce costly downtime.
  • Professional Services – Cloud consulting to help you architect your services, carry out site migrations, and deploy software.
  • Marketing – Email marketing to tens of thousands of clients /hour.

Regions and data centers

Linode operates 11 data centers worldwide, interconnected by a backbone network. As of Q2 2020, Linode is available in 11 regions worldwide.[18] A region is a specific datacenter in a geographical location where users can deploy cloud resources. The company maintains internet exchange presence and peering arrangements with Internet service providers (ISPs) and other networks in each region.

Region ID Location Launch date
1 Dallas, Texas, US Q2, 2003
2 Fremont, California, US Q4, 2003
3 Atlanta, Georgia, US Q1, 2007
4 Newark, New Jersey, US Q2, 2008
5 London, UK Q4, 2009
6 Tokyo, Japan Q3, 2011
7 Singapore, Singapore Q2, 2015
8 Frankfurt, Germany Q3, 2015
9 Toronto, Canada Q2, 2019
10 Mumbai, India Q2, 2019
11 Sydney, Australia Q3, 2019

Awards

Linode is a recipient of the Stevie Award for Sales and Customer Service.[19] In 2019, Linode was awarded a Top Workplaces honor by The Philadelphia Inquirer.[20] Linode’s headquarters building received the 2019 Grand Jury Award from the Preservation Alliance for Greater Philadelphia.[21][22] The building, built in 1902, is a Philadelphia landmark, named on Philadelphia’s registrar of historic places, and was once an MTV Real World house.[23]

Security incidents

The accounts of eight Linode customers that held Bitcoin cryptocurrency were compromised in March 2012.[24] Roughly 40,000 bitcoins were stolen.[24]

Hack The Planet (HTP) accessed Linode's web servers in 2013.[25][26][27] The group exploited a technical vulnerability in Adobe's ColdFusion application server.[25][26] Linode said that HTP could not decrypt any financially sensitive information and reset all account passwords.[25][27] Linode announced plans to introduce two-factor authentication for its services in May 2013.[28]

Starting Christmas Day 2015 and continuing until January 10, 2016, Linode was hit by large and frequent DDoS attacks, which were being caused by a "bad actor" purchasing large amounts of botnet capacity in an attempt to significantly damage Linode's business.[29] Linode was the victim of another severe DDoS attack over the 2016 Labor Day weekend.[30]

Starting April 2023 and up to October 2023, Linode and Hetzner traffic for the largest Russian XMPP messaging service (jabber.ru) was intercepted through a Man-in-the-middle attack.[31]

References

  1. ^ "Open Source Is Critical To Linode: Christopher Aker, Founder & CEO". TFiR. June 19, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2022.
  2. ^ "Akamai To Acquire Linode to Provide Businesses with a Developer-friendly and Massively-distributed Platform to Build, Run and Secure Next Generation Applications". Akamai. 2022-02-15.
  3. ^ "New data center: Tokyo 2". Linode. 21 November 2016. Retrieved 2020-07-01.
  4. ^ "Introducing Linodes in Frankfurt!". Linode. 3 August 2015. Retrieved 2015-08-23.
  5. ^ "Singapore Linodes are now available!". Linode. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 5 Aug 2021.
  6. ^ "Linode unveils first ever Canadian data centre hub". Data Economy. 2019-05-02. Archived from the original on 2020-04-30. Retrieved 5 August 2021.
  7. ^ "Linode's 10th Data Center Location : Mumbai, India". Webopedia. 2019-07-17. Retrieved 5 Aug 2021.
  8. ^ "Linode Expands Global Data Center Network to India". Linode. Retrieved 5 Aug 2021.
  9. ^ "Linode Expands Global Infrastructure with Sydney Data Center". Linode. 4 December 2019. Retrieved 5 Aug 2021.
  10. ^ Lardinois, Frederic (2022-02-15). "Akamai acquires Linode for $900M". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
  11. ^ "Block Storage Volumes". Linode. Retrieved 5 Aug 2021.
  12. ^ "Backups". Linode. Retrieved 2023-02-16.
  13. ^ "Linode Launches Longview, Takes Deep Look at Data Center and Server Performance". www.techzone360.com. Retrieved 2022-12-22.
  14. ^ "Linode Managed Kubernetes Now Available". Linode. 2019-11-19. Retrieved 2019-11-24.
  15. ^ "It's clear to Linode: There's a market to bring cloud services to small companies". New Jersey Business Journal. 2013-11-04. Retrieved 5 Aug 2021.
  16. ^ "Linode VLAN | Secure Networks for Cloud Infrastructure". Linode. Retrieved 2023-02-16.
  17. ^ "Advanced Cloud DDoS Protection". Linode. Retrieved 2023-02-16.
  18. ^ "Global Infrastructure". Linode. Retrieved 2020-07-22.
  19. ^ "2020 Stevie® Award Winners | Stevie Awards". stevieawards.com. Retrieved 2020-07-09.
  20. ^ "Top Workplaces | The Philadelphia Inquirer". TopWorkplaces. Retrieved 2020-07-09.
  21. ^ "Linode Headquarters receives 2019 Grand Jury Award from the Preservation Alliance of Greater Philadelphia | American Institute of Architects". www.aiaphiladelphia.org. Archived from the original on 2020-07-10. Retrieved 2020-07-09.
  22. ^ "Linode Headquarters to receive Grand Jury Award from Preservation Alliance". Ballinger.com. 2019-05-01. Archived from the original on 2020-07-10. Retrieved 2020-07-09.
  23. ^ Saffron, Inga (May 4, 2018). "Remember that 'Real World' house? It's now a sleek tech headquarters". inquirer.com. Retrieved 2020-07-09.
  24. ^ a b Leyden, John. "Linode hackers escape with $70K in daring bitcoin heist". The Register. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  25. ^ a b c Lee, Michael. "VPS host Linode issues customer-wide password reset". ZDNet. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  26. ^ a b Dumon, Marv. "Amazon Launches Cloud Computing Certification Program - Page 2". Technorati. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  27. ^ a b Leyden, John. "Web host Linode, hackers clash over credit-card raid claim". The Register. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  28. ^ Bandoim, Lana. "Two-Step Authentication Grows in Popularity". Yahoo! Voices. Archived from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  29. ^ Forster, Alex. "An update from Linode about the recent DDoS attacks". Linode. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
  30. ^ Cimpanu, Catalin (5 September 2016). ""Catastrophic" DDoS Attack Pummels Linode Servers over Labor Day Weekend".
  31. ^ "Encrypted traffic interception on Hetzner and Linode targeting the largest Russian XMPP (Jabber) messaging service". Retrieved November 2, 2023.
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