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New Testament theology


History of interpretation

According to biblical scholar Frank Matera, the field of NTT suffers from an "identity crisis about its task, method, and goal".[1]


1700s–1914

1914–1990

NT professor C. Kavin Rowe describes the 50 years after Bultmann as a "sterile" phase in the NTT field.[2] Other NT theologies were written, but these failed to match Bultmann's impact.[3]

Joachim Jeremias presented an alternative to Bultmann in his 1971 NT theology. Utilizing the criterion of dissimilarity and other techniques, Jeremias concludes in contrast to Bultmann's form criticism that "[i]n the synoptic tradition it is the inauthenticity, and not the authenticity, of the sayings of Jesus that must be demonstrated".[4] For Jeremias, the message and work of the historical Jesus is inseparable from the church's post-Easter proclamation. In the words of Stuhlmacher:[5]

Jeremias presents us with a historically argued reversal of Bultmann’s kerygma theology: the decisive ground of faith is not found for the first time in the apostolic preaching of the crucified and risen Christ, but already in Jesus's word and work, as reliably attested in the Synoptic Gospels.

French theologian Oscar Cullman's Salvation in History (1965) was well received among Catholic exegetes, the ecumenical world, and OT scholars. Cullman traces salvation history to the history of Israel in the OT and sees in all the NT writings an inaugurated eschatology: salvation is already accomplished in Jesus' life, death, and resurrection, but it is not yet consummated. This consummation awaits the second coming of Christ, the final judgment, and the ultimate establishment of the kingdom of God.[6]


Werner Georg Kümmel

Leonhard Goppelt

Important NT theologies produced in the English-speaking world included Alan Richardson (1958), George Eldon Ladd (1974), Donald Guthrie (1981), Leon Morris (1986).[3]

1990 to present

"Methodologically this means that New Testament theology is not only a historical-descriptive discipline, but also simultaneously a dogmatic-assertive one." - Stuhlmacher, Peter. Biblical Theology of the New Testament (p. 11). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.. Kindle Edition.

Relation to the Old Testament

"From a New Testament perspective, the early Christian Old Testament does not simply consist of the Hebrew Bible, but also encompasses the Scriptures contained in the Septuagint." - Stuhlmacher, Peter. Biblical Theology of the New Testament (pp. 9-10). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.. Kindle Edition.

"Jesus and his witnesses therefore transcend a mere continuity of tradition by establishing a continuity of confession between the Old and New Testaments." - Stuhlmacher, Peter. Biblical Theology of the New Testament (p. 10). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.. Kindle Edition.

Unifying themes

"It calls its message the “kerygma” (cf., e.g., Rom. 16:25; 1 Cor. 1:21; 15:14; Titus 1:3) or the “gospel” (cf., e.g., Mark 1:1; Rom. 1:1, 16; 1 Cor. 15:1; 1 Pet. 4:17). The gospel of God concerning Jesus Christ is the decisive center of the New Testament." - Stuhlmacher, Peter. Biblical Theology of the New Testament (p. 12). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.. Kindle Edition.

Jesus

Jesus is the foundation of NT theology.

Jesus was closely associated with John the Baptist. The Baptist's apocalyptic preaching centered on the imminent judgment of Israel. To his Jewish audience, the Baptist warns that their descent from Abraham and covenant with God will not save them from the coming destruction (Luke 3:7–9). He urged his listeners to repent through baptism (Mark 1:4).[7]


(Luke 11:20)


Paul's theology

Synoptic Gospels and Acts

Deutero-Pauline letters

Catholic epistles

Johannine theology

Revelation

Citations

  1. ^ Matera 2005, p. 2.
  2. ^ Rowe 2006, p. 393.
  3. ^ a b Matera 2005, p. 4.
  4. ^ Jeremias 1971, p. 37 quoted in Stuhlmacher 2018, p. 22
  5. ^ Stuhlmacher 2018, p. 23.
  6. ^ Stuhlmacher 2018, p. 25.
  7. ^ Schnelle 2009, pp. 74–76.

References

  • Bultmann, Rudolf (1955). Theology of the New Testament. Vol. 1–2. Translated by Grobel, Kendrick. Charles Scribner's Sons.
  • Jeremias, Joachim (1971). New Testament Theology: The Proclamation of Jesus. Translated by Bowden, John. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
  • Matera, Frank J. (January 2005). "New Testament Theology: History, Method, and Identity". Catholic Biblical Quarterly. 67 (1): 1–21. JSTOR 43725389.
  • "New Testament Theology". Encyclopedia of the Bible. Archived from the original on June 30, 2024.
  • Rowe, C. Kavin (Summer 2006). "New Testament Theology: The Revival of a Discipline. A Review of Recent Contributions to the Field". Journal of Biblical Literature. 125 (2): 393–410. doi:10.2307/27638367. JSTOR 27638367.
  • Schnabel, Eckhard J. (2023). New Testament Theology. Grand Rapids, Michigan, US: Baker Academic. ISBN 978-1-4934-4306-2.
  • Schnelle, Udo (2009). Theology of the New Testament. Translated by Boring, M. Eugene. Baker Academic. ISBN 9780801036040.
  • Scott, J. Julius, Jr. (September 2008). "Study of the Thematic Structure of the New Testament". Themelios. 33 (2).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Stuhlmacher, Peter (2018). Biblical Theology of the New Testament. Translated by Bailey, Daniel P. William B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-4080-6.
  • Wrede, William (1973) [1897]. "The Tasks and Methods of 'New Testament Theology'". In Morgan, Robert (ed.). The Nature of New Testament Theology: The Contribution of William Wrede and Adolf Schlatter. Studies in Biblical Theology. London: Wipf and Stock. pp. 68–116. ISBN 9781606087077.

Further reading

Early scholarship

20th and 21st century scholars

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