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New Testament theology

History of interpretation

According to biblical scholar Frank Matera, the field of NTT suffers from an "identity crisis about its task, method, and goal".

1990 to present

"Methodologically this means that New Testament theology is not only a historical-descriptive discipline, but also simultaneously a dogmatic-assertive one." - Stuhlmacher, Peter. Biblical Theology of the New Testament (p. 11). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.. Kindle Edition.

Frank Matera describes 1990 as the start of a new period in NTT, and C. Kavin Rowe, writing in 2006, characterizes the field as undergoing a "revival".

William Wrede's ideas continue to have influence among scholars, including Heikki Räisänen (1990), Klaus Berger (1994), Walter Schmithals (1994), and Gerd Theissen (1999).

Relation to the Old Testament

"From a New Testament perspective, the early Christian Old Testament does not simply consist of the Hebrew Bible, but also encompasses the Scriptures contained in the Septuagint." - Stuhlmacher, Peter. Biblical Theology of the New Testament (pp. 9-10). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.. Kindle Edition.

"Jesus and his witnesses therefore transcend a mere continuity of tradition by establishing a continuity of confession between the Old and New Testaments." - Stuhlmacher, Peter. Biblical Theology of the New Testament (p. 10). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.. Kindle Edition.

Unifying themes

"It calls its message the “kerygma” (cf., e.g., Rom. 16:25; 1 Cor. 1:21; 15:14; Titus 1:3) or the “gospel” (cf., e.g., Mark 1:1; Rom. 1:1, 16; 1 Cor. 15:1; 1 Pet. 4:17). The gospel of God concerning Jesus Christ is the decisive center of the New Testament." - Stuhlmacher, Peter. Biblical Theology of the New Testament (p. 12). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.. Kindle Edition.

Jesus

Jesus is the foundation of NT theology.

The virgin birth of Jesus is part of the nativity stories recounted in Matthew and Luke. Matthew 1:23 quotes the Septuagint translation of Isaiah 7:14, "Look, the virgin shall become pregnant and give birth to a son". The Septuagint uses παρθένος, ‘virgin’ to translate the Hebrew noun עַלְמָה (ʿalmâ), which means "a young woman who has not yet given birth".

Stuhlmacher, Peter. Biblical Theology of the New Testament (p. 65). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.. Kindle Edition.

Stuhlmacher, Peter. Biblical Theology of the New Testament (p. 65). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.. Kindle Edition.

Stuhlmacher, Peter. Biblical Theology of the New Testament (p. 65). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.. Kindle Edition.

Paul does not mention the virgin birth. In Galatians 4:4, Paul writes that Jesus was "born of a woman" (γενόμενος ἐκ γυναικός), a common Jewish figure of speech indicating that someone is a human being (see Job 14:1, Matthew 11:11). According to Stuhlmacher, "Galatians 4:4 therefore suggests that Jesus was born as a true 'flesh-and-blood' human being."

Jesus was closely associated with John the Baptist. The Baptist's apocalyptic preaching centered on the imminent judgment of Israel. To his Jewish audience, the Baptist warns that their descent from Abraham and covenant with God will not save them from the coming destruction (Luke 3:7–9). He urged his listeners to repent through baptism (Mark 1:4).

(Luke 11:20)

References

• Bultmann, Rudolf (1955). Theology of the New Testament. Vol. 1–2. Translated by Grobel, Kendrick. Charles Scribner's Sons.
• Jeremias, Joachim (1971). New Testament Theology: The Proclamation of Jesus. Translated by Bowden, John. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
• Matera, Frank J. (January 2005). "New Testament Theology: History, Method, and Identity". Catholic Biblical Quarterly. 67 (1): 1–21. JSTOR 43725389.
• "New Testament Theology". Encyclopedia of the Bible. Archived from the original on June 30, 2024.
• Rowe, C. Kavin (Summer 2006). "New Testament Theology: The Revival of a Discipline. A Review of Recent Contributions to the Field". Journal of Biblical Literature. 125 (2): 393–410. doi:10.2307/27638367. JSTOR 27638367.
• Schnabel, Eckhard J. (2023). New Testament Theology. Grand Rapids, Michigan, US: Baker Academic. ISBN 978-1-4934-4306-2.
• Schnelle, Udo (2009). Theology of the New Testament. Translated by Boring, M. Eugene. Baker Academic. ISBN 9780801036040.
• Scott, J. Julius, Jr. (September 2008). "Study of the Thematic Structure of the New Testament". Themelios. 33 (2).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Stuhlmacher, Peter (2018). Biblical Theology of the New Testament. Translated by Bailey, Daniel P. William B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-4080-6.
• Wrede, William (1973) [1897]. "The Tasks and Methods of 'New Testament Theology'". In Morgan, Robert (ed.). The Nature of New Testament Theology: The Contribution of William Wrede and Adolf Schlatter. Studies in Biblical Theology. London: Wipf and Stock. pp. 68–116. ISBN 9781606087077.

Further reading

Early scholarship

• Bauer, Georg Lorenz (1800–1802). Biblische Theologie des Neuen Testaments (in German). Leipzig: Weygand.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) 4 volumes.
• Beyschlag, Willibald (1891). Neutestamentliche Theologie oder geschichtliche Darstellung der Lehren Jesu und des Urchristentums nach den neutestamentlichen Quellen (in German). Vol. 1. Halle: Strien.
• Beyschlag, Willibald (1892). Neutestamentliche Theologie oder geschichtliche Darstellung der Lehren Jesu und des Urchristentums nach den neutestamentlichen Quellen (in German). Vol. 2. Halle: Strien.
• Gabler, Johann Philipp (Spring 2011) [1787]. "On the Proper Distinction Between Biblical and Dogmatic Theology" (PDF). Midwestern Journal of Theology. 10 (1). Translated by Sandys-Wunsch, John; Eldredge, Laurence: 1–11. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 28, 2024.
• Holtzmann, Heinrich Julius (1897). Lehrbuch der neutestamentlichen Theologie (in German). Freiburg: Mohr.
• Semler, Johann Salomo (1771–1775). Abhandlung von freier Untersuchung des Canon (in German). Halle: Hemmerde. Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3, Volume 4.
• Weiss, Bernhard (1882). Biblical Theology of the New Testament. Vol. 1. Translated by Eaton, David. Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
• Weiss, Bernhard (1883). Biblical Theology of the New Testament. Vol. 2. Translated by Duguid, James E. Edinburgh: T&T Clark.

20th and 21st century scholars

• Berger, Klaus (1994). Theologiegeschichte des Urchristentums: Theologie des Neuen Testaments (in German). UTB. ISBN 978-3825280826.
• Cullmann, Oscar (1967). Salvation in History. Translated by Sowers, Sidney G. London: SCM Press.
• Hahn, Ferdinand (2011). Theologie des Neuen Testaments (in German). Vol. 1–2 (3rd ed.). Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 978-3-8252-3500-0.
• Gnilka, Joachim (1994). Theologie des Neuen Testaments (in German). Herder. ISBN 345123307X.
• Räisänen, Heikki (1990). Beyond New Testament Theology: A Story and a Programme. London: SCM. ISBN 0-334-01907-9.
• Schmithals, Walter (1997). The Theology of the First Christians. Translated by Dean, O. C. Westminster John Knox. ISBN 9780664256159.
• Strecker, Georg (2000). Horn, Friedrich Wilhelm (ed.). Theology of the New Testament. Translated by Boring, Eugene M. de Gruyter; Westminster John Knox. ISBN 9783110156522.
• Theissen, Gerd (1999). The Religion of the Earliest Churches: Creating a Symbolic World. Translated by Bowden, John. Fortress. ISBN 9781451408652.
• Weiss, Johannes (1959) [1937]. Grant, Frederick C. (ed.). Earliest Christianity: A History of the Period A.D. 30–150. Vol. 1. New York: Harper.
• Weiss, Johannes (1959) [1937]. Grant, Frederick C. (ed.). Earliest Christianity: A History of the Period A.D. 30–150. Vol. 2. New York: Harper.
• Wilckens, Ulrich (2002–2005). Theologie des Neuen Testaments (in German). Vol. 1–3. Neukirchener.