Colin St John Wilson

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Sir Colin Alexander St John ("Sandy") Wilson (14 March 1922- 14 May 2007) was a British architect, lecturer and author. He spent over 30 years progressing the project to build a new British Library in London, originally planned to be built in Bloomsbury and now completed near Kings Cross.

Wilson was born in Cheltenham, the son of Henry Wilson, Bishop of Chelmsford. His father was known as the "Red Bishop" as a result of his sympathy for the Republican cause in the Spanish Civil War. Wilson was educated at Felsted School and studied architecture at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He joined the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve in 1942, serving as a lieutenant in the Air Arm Communication Squadron in Europe during the Second World War and then India. When his war service ended in 1946, he completed his studies under Sir Albert Richardson at theBartlett School of Architecture at University College London, graduating as an architect in 1949.

After graduating, he worked at the London County Council architects department from 1950 to 1955, under the directorship of Sir Leslie Martin, alongside James Stirling, Alison and Peter Smithson, Alan Colquhoun, Peter Carter, and Bill Howell. Wilson was involved with the Independent Group of artists at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London, and he contributed to the This is Tomorrow exhibition at the Whitechapel Art Gallery in 1956. He worked for a development company for a year before becoming a lecturer in architecture at Cambridge University in 1956, where Martin had been appointed Professor of Architecture. He retired from teaching in 1969 to concentrate on his architectural practise.

As well as teaching together, Wilson and Martin also practised together as architects from offices in Cambridge, designing Harvey Court at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, which himself argues had an influence on Italian rationalist architecture, especially that of Aldo Rossi, and the Law, English and Statistical Libraries on Manor Road in Oxford, and other buildings in Cambridge and London. Wilson designed his own home in Cambridge on Granchester Road, now the Wittgenstein Institute. He was commissioned to design the proposed Liverpool Civic and Social Centre, but the building was never finished, being deemed "fascist" by the council. He also designed an extension for the British Museum which was also never realised.

In terms of architectural production, Wilson is best-known for designing the current British Library building in London, began in 1962 and finally completed - after a sordid 35-year history of political wrangles, budget overspending and design problems - in 1997. He described it as his "30-year war". The original scheme would have created a piazza to the south of the British Museum, but would have required the demolition of a large part of Bloomsbury. After a public protest, a new site was found futher north, between Euston station and St Pancras station. A design was approved in 1978, but then delayed by the change of government after the 1979 UK general election, and ambitions were reduced amid rising costs. The architecture of the huge building is influenced by several sources: the surrounding Victorian architecture in the St Pancras area of London, the collegiate architecture of Cambridge University and, in the interior, the work of Finnish architect Alvar Aalto.

Wilson married twice. He married Muriel Lavender in 1955, but they were later divorced in 1971. He married the architect Mary Jane Long, a founding partner of Long & Kentish architects, in 1972. The often collaborated on design projects.

Wilson returned to Cambridge to become Professor of Architecture in 1975, stepping into shoes vacated by the early death of William Howell. He retired in 1989, since when he has been professor emeritus. He became a trustee of the Tate Gallery in 1974, and a trustee of the National Gallery in 1977, retiring from both positions in 1980. He was a member of the Royal Institute of British Architects and the Royal Academy. He was knighted in 1998 for services to architecture. He received honorary doctorates from the universities of Essex, Cambridge, and Sheffield. He was a visiting professor at the Yale four times (1960, 1964, 1983 and 2000) and at MIT from 1970 to 1972.

He published Architectural Reflections in 1992 and The Other Tradition of Modern Architecture in 1995, and The Artist at Work, on Michael Andrews and William Coldstream, in 1999.

More recently, Wilson and Long & Kentish designed the new wing of Pallant House Gallery in Chichester, England, which opened in June 2006. The unashamedly modern block stands next to the original gallery, housed in a Grade 1 listed Queen Anne townhouse, and has been shortlisted for the Gulbenkian Prize and RIBA awards in 2007. Wilson also donated his share of his collection of over 400 works of art to the gallery (owned jointly with his second wife). His collection, worth £5m, included works by Michael Andrew, Peter Blake, David Bomberg, Patrick Caulfield, Lucian Freud, Richard Hamilton, R.B. Kitaj, Eduardo Paolozzi and Walter Sickert. Many of the works were acquired directly from the artists, who were friends of Wilson: indeed, he designed homes for several.

An extension to the British Library opened in 2007, shortly before his death. He was survived by his second wife, and their son and daughter.

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