1-Hexene
1-Hexene | |
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General | |
Chemical name | Hex-1-ene |
Chemical formula | C6H12 |
SMILES | C=CCCCC |
Molecular mass | 84.1608 g/mol |
CAS number | [592-41-6] |
DOT #: | UN 2370 |
Properties | |
State at STP | Liquid |
Water solubility | insoluble |
Density | 0.673 g/cm³ |
Melting point | -139.8 °C |
Boiling point | 63 °C |
Flashpoint | -26 °C |
vapor density | 3 |
vapor pressure | 2.6 PSIA |
Critical temperature | 447.40 °F |
Critical pressure | 458 psi |
Critical density | 0.241 g/ml |
Refractive index | 1.3879 |
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
1-Hexene | |
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1-Hexene | |
General | |
Systematic name | ? |
Other names | ? |
Molecular formula | ? |
SMILES | ? |
Molar mass | ?.?? g/mol |
Appearance | ? |
CAS number | [?-?-?] |
Properties | |
Density and phase | ? g/cm³, ? |
Solubility in water | ? g/100 ml (?°C) |
Melting point | ?°C (? K) |
Boiling point | ?°C (? K) |
Acidity (pKa) | ? |
Basicity (pKb) | ? |
Chiral rotation [α]D | ?° |
Viscosity | ? cP at ?°C |
Structure | |
Molecular shape | ? |
Coordination geometry |
? |
Crystal structure | ? |
Dipole moment | ? D |
Hazards | |
MSDS | External MSDS |
Main hazards | ? |
NFPA 704 | |
Flash point | ?°C |
R/S statement | R: ? S: ? |
RTECS number | ? |
Supplementary data page | |
Structure and properties |
n, εr, etc. |
Thermodynamic data |
Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas |
Spectral data | UV, IR, NMR, MS |
Related compounds | |
Other anions | ? |
Other cations | ? |
Related ? | ? |
Related compounds | ? |
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
1-hexene is a higher olefin, or alkene, with a formula C6H12. 1-hexene is an alpha-olefin, meaning that the double bond is located at the alpha (primary) position, endowing the compound with higher reactivity and thus useful chemical properties. 1-hexene is an industrially significant linear alpha olefin.
Synthesis
Industrially, 1-hexene is commonly manufactured by two main routes: oligomerization of ethene and by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis followed by purification. Another route to 1-hexene, used commercially on small scale, is dehydration of alcohols. Prior to the 1970's 1-hexene was also manufactured by the thermal cracking of waxes. Linear internal hexenes were manufactured by chlorination/dehydrochlorination of linear paraffins.
There are five commercial processes which oligomerize ethene to 1-hexene. Four of these processes produce 1-hexene as a part of a wide distribution of alpha-olefins. Typically, 1-hexene content ranges from about twenty percent distribution in the Ethyl (Innovene) process, whereas only twelve percent of distribution in the Gulf (CP Chemicals) and Idemitsu processes.
The only commercial process to isolate 1-hexene from a wide mixture of C6 hydrocarbons is practiced by Sasol Ltd., a South African oil and gas and petrochemical company. Sasol commercially employs Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to make fuels from synthesis gas derived from coal. The synthesis recovers 1-hexene from the afformentioned fuel streams, where the initial 1-hexene concentration cut may be 60% in a narrow distillation, with the remainder being vinylidenes, linear and branched internal olefins, linear and branched paraffins, alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and aromatic compounds.
Synthesis of 1-hexene as a part of multi-product ethene oligomerization process or a Fischer-Tropsch process is covered in an article on Linear alpha olefins.
One process, the Phillips ethene trimerization process, produces only 1-hexene.
Applications
The primary use of 1-hexene is as a comonomer in production of polyethene. High density polyethene (HDPE) and linear low density polyethene (LLDPE) use approximately 2-4% and 8-10% of comonomers.
Another significant use of 1-hexene is the production of linear aldehyde via hydroformylation ( oxo synthesis ) for later production of the short-chain fatty acid heptanoic acid.
Synonyms
- Hex-1-ene
- Hexene-1
- Hexene
- Hexylene
- 1-n-hexene
- Nutylethene
- C6