Roberto Bolaño

File:Roberto bolano.jpg

Roberto Bolaño (April 28, 1953 — July 15, 2003) was a Chilean novelist and poet, winner of the prestigious Rómulo Gallegos Prize for his novel Los detectives salvajes (The Savage Detectives) in 1999.

Life

For most of his youth, Bolaño was a vagabond, living at one time or another in Chile, Mexico, El Salvador, France and Spain, where he finally settled down in the early 1980s in the small Catalan beach town of Blanes. There he died of a liver disorder he suffered from for more than a decade. He was survived by his Spanish wife and their two children, whom he once called "my only motherland." Bolaño named his only son Lautaro, after the Mapuche leader Lautaro, who resisted the Spanish conquest of Chile in the sixteenth-century epic La araucana.

A crucial episode in his life, mentioned in different forms in several of his works, occurred in 1973, when he left Mexico for Chile to "help build the revolution." During his travels to Chile, he met revolutionary poet Roque Dalton in El Salvador. After Augusto Pinochet's coup against Salvador Allende, he was arrested; Bolaño spent eight days¹ in custody, although he did not suffer torture, and was rescued by two former classmates who had become prison guards. In the 1970s, he became a Trotskyist and a founding member of the infrarrealismo, a minor poetic movement. Although deep down he always felt like a poet, in the vein of his beloved Nicanor Parra, he is known for his novels, novellas, and short story collections. Six weeks before he died, his fellow Latin American novelists hailed him as the most important figure of his generation at an international conference he attended in Seville. He counted among his closest friends novelists Rodrigo Fresán and Enrique Vila-Matas.

Works

Although a hard-working, devoted writer all his life, Bolaño only began publishing regularly in the late 1990s. He immediately became a widely respected figure in Spanish and Latin American letters. In a rapid succession, he published a widely acclaimed series of masterpieces, the most important of which are the novel Los detectives salvajes (The Savage Detectives), the novella Nocturno de Chile (By Night in Chile), and, posthumously, the novel 2666. His two collections of short stories Llamadas telefónicas and Putas asesinas were awarded literary prizes.

The Savage Detectives has been compared by Jorge Edwards to Julio Cortázar's Rayuela and José Lezama Lima's Paradiso. In a review inEl País, the Spanish critic Ignacio Echevarria declared it "the novel that Borges would have written." (An avid reader, Bolaño often expressed his love for Borges and Cortázar's work, and once concluded an ironic and merciless overview of contemporary Argentinian literature by saying that "one should read Borges more.") The central section of The Savage Detectives presents a long, fragmentary series of testimonies about the trips and adventures of Arturo Belano and Ulises Lima (thinly veiled stand-ups for Bolaño and his friend, the poet Mario Santiago Papasquiaro) between 1976-1995, trips and adventures that take them from Mexico DF to several places in Europe, to Israel and even Liberia during the civil war in the mid-nineties. At the same time we hear about them, the numerous and disparate speakers offer a picture of the times much bigger than just the biographies of Belano and Lima. The testimonies are framed at the beginning and end of the novel by the story of their quest of Cesárea Tinajero, the founder of "real visceralismo," a Mexican avant-garde literary movement of the twenties. The aspiring, 18-year-old poet García Madero tells us first about the poetic and social scene around the new "visceral realists." He later closes the novel with his account of their escape from Mexico City to the state of Sonora and how they end up in the fictional city of Santa Teresa, which reappears in 2666. Bolaño called The Savage Detectives "a love letter to my generation."

The monumental 2666 was published in 2004. At 1100 pages, the novel is divided in five "parts," four and a half of which were finished before Bolaño's death. Focused on the unsolved and still ongoing serial murders of Ciudad Juárez (Santa Teresa in the novel), the apocalyptic 2666 depicts the horror of the 20th century through a wide cast of characters, including the secretive, Pynchon-like German writer Archimboldi.

2666 is considered by many critics^{[citation needed]} to be the most important book of its generation, a novel which opens roads through the unknown, a huge show of narrative power, a brilliant work of personal battles, blood, astonishment and geniality.

Bibliography

Fiction

Consejos de un discípulo de Morrison a un fanático de Joyce (1984) ["Advice from a Morrison Disciple to a Joyce Fanatic"]
La pista de hielo (1993) (novel): A crime story in a Spanish Mediterranean town. The choral narrative techniques Bolaño will profusely use writing Los detectives salvajes are already at work here. Arturo Belano, his literary alter ego, is a main character of the story.
Literatura nazi en América (1996) (novel): A sort of encyclopedia of fictional authors inspired by the works of Borges and J.R. Wilcock. Extremely sarcastic and funny.
Estrella distante (Distant Star) (1996) (novella): This could be considered a sequel or expansion of the last chapter of Literatura nazi.
Llamadas telefónicas (1997) (short stories) ["Telephone Calls"]
Los detectives salvajes (The Savage Detectives) (1998) (novel)
Amuleto (Amulet) (1999) (novella): Again, Bolaño decides to take a secondary character from a previous novel and expand her story. This time, the character is Auxilio Lacouture, a Uruguayan poet "lost" in Mexico who appeared in Los detectives salvajes.
Monsieur Pain (1999) (novel) ["Mister Bread"]
Nocturno de Chile (By Night in Chile) (2000) (novella): The last night of a Opus Dei priest and literary critic connected to the dictatorial government of Pinochet in Chile.
Putas asesinas (2001) (short stories) ["Killer Whores"]
Amberes (2002) (novella): Strongly fragmented book which was considered by Bolaño the foundation for everything he would write afterwards. Although not published until 2002, it was written around 1983.
El gaucho insufrible (2003) (short stories) ["The Insufferable Gaucho"]
2666 (2004) (novel)
Last Evenings on Earth (2006) (short stories): A selection of stories taken from Putas asesinas and Llamadas telefónicas, translated into English by Chris Andrews.
El secreto del mal (March 2007) (short stories): A collection of short stories from his personal archive edited by Ignacio Echevarría.

Poetry

Los perros románticos: Poemas 1980-1998 (2000) ["The Romantic Dogs"]
Tres (2000) ["Three"]
La universidad desconocida ["The Unknown University"] (expected in January 2007)

Non-Fiction

El gaucho insufrible (2003), see above, also contains two essays.
Entre paréntesis (2004), a collection of articles, columns, interviews and speeches, edited by Ignacio Echevarría.

Sources

¹Schama, Chloe. 'Dust and Literature',The New Republic, May 8, 2007

External links