Jean-Baptiste Cécille
Jean-Baptiste Thomas Médée Cécille (1787–1873) was a French Admiral and politician of the 19th century, who played an important role in Asia.
Military career
In 1837–1839, Cécille circumnavigated the world as the commander of the corvette Héroïne. He left Brest on July 1, 1837 with the objective of protecting French whaling ships. He contributed to the survey of New Zealand.
In 1843, the French Premier François Guizot sent a fleet to Vietnam under Admiral Cécille and Captain Charner,[1] which started the French intervention in Vietnam. The move responded to the successes of the British in China in 1842, and France hoped to counterbalance these successes by accessing China from the South. The pretext however was to support British efforts in China, and to fight the persecution of French missionaries in Vietnam.[2] The fleet, accompanied by the diplomat Lagrene, tried to seize the island of Basilan in order to create a base similar to Hong Kong, but projects had to be abandoned following the strong opposition of Spain claiming the island was part of the Philippines.[3]
In 1845 Guizot sent Cécille to Vietnam to obtain the release of Catholic missionary, Bishop Dominique Lefèbvre.[1]
Two years later, in 1847, when Lefèbvre was recaptured, Cécille sent Captain Lapierre to Danang to obtain the release of the Bishop yet again.[1] It is not established if Captain Lapierre knew that Bishop Lefebvre had already been freed and was on his way to Singapore before he started his attack by first dismantling the masts of some Vietnamese ships.[1] Subsequently, on 14 April 1847, the French continued their attack by sinking the remaining five bronze-plated ships in the bay of Danang.[1]
In June 1846, Cécille sailed to Okinawa to try to establish relations with Japan.[4] He then sailed to Nagasaki but was denied landing.
In September 1846, Cécille sailed to Korea in order to obtain the release of an imprisoned Korean priest named André Kim, but Kim was soon executed.[5]
In 1847, Cécille sent two warships (Gloire and Victorieuse) to Tourane in Vietnam to obtain the liberation of two imprisoned French missionaries, Bishop Dominique Lefèbvre (imprisoned for a second time as he had re-entered Vietnam secretly) and Duclos, and freedom of worship for Catholics in Vietnam.[6] As negotiations drew on without results, on April 15, 1847, a fight erupted between the French fleet and Vietnamese ships, three of them being sunk as a result. The French fleet then sailed away.[7] The French would come back under Admiral Rigault de Genouilly to capture Tourane (Da Nang) on Septembre 1, 1858, and Saigon, on February 17, 1859.
After these events Cécille would again sail to Korea to try to infiltrate some missionnaries, but his ship ran aground and he had to be rescued by a British ship.[8]
Political career
Back in France, Cécille took on a career in politics. He became a representative for the department of Seine-Inférieure in the 1848 Assembly (Assemblée Constituante). He supported Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, and was nominated Ambassador to the British Court in London.
In 1852, he became a Senator.
Legacy
The Ōsumi Islands Group in southern Japan, which was explored by Cécille in 1846, was baptized "Cécille archipelago" ("Archipel Cécille") on French charts.[9]
A peak on the Île de la Possession in the Crozet Islands, where he once landed, was named "Mont Cécille" (46°23'00" S, 51°41'00" E) after him in the 1960s.[10]
The French cruiser Amiral Cécille (1888-scrapped 1919) was named after him.
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c d e Chapuis, p.5 Google Book Quote: Two years later, in 1847, Lefebvre was again captured when he returned to Vietnam. This time Cecille sent captain Lapierre to Danang. Whether Lapierre was aware or not that Lefebvre had already been freed and on his way back to Singapore, the French first dismantled masts of some Vietnamese ships. Later on April 14 1847, in only one hour, the French sank the last five bronze-plated vessels in the bay of Danang.
- ^ Tucker, p.27
- ^ Chapuis, p.5
- ^ Beillevaire, p.21
- ^ Buttinger, p.394 [1]
- ^ Tucker, p.28
- ^ Tucker, p.28
- ^ Buttinger, p.394 [2]
- ^ Samuel Wells Williams , The Chinese Commercial Guide, Containing Treaties, Tariffs, Regulations (1863), p.201 [3]
- ^ [4]
References
- Spencer Tucker (1999), Vietnam University Press of Kentucky ISBN 0813109663
- Beillevaire, Patrick (2000) Ryukyu Studies to 1854: Western Encounter Taylor & Francis ISBN 4931444334
- Buttinger, Joseph (1958) The Smaller Dragon: A Political History of Vietnam University of Michigan
- Chapuis, Oscar (2000), The Last Emperors of Vietnam: From Tu Duc to Bao Dai Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 0313311706