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Alparslan Türkeş

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Alparslan Türkeş§ (November 25, 1917 in Nicosia, Cyprus – April 5, 1997 in Ankara, Turkey) was a Turkish neo-fascist[1][2][3] politician of military heritage. He represented the far right of Turkish political spectrum, and was court-martialed on the charges of "fascist and racist activities"[4] in 1945,[5] with the charges being dismissed in 1947.[6] He was called "Başbuğ" (Leader) by his devotees.[7]

Political career

He attained notoriety as the spokesman of the May 27, 1960 coup d'état against the government of then prime minister Adnan Menderes, who was later executed after a trial following this coup. However Colonel Türkeş was expelled by an internal coup within the junta. He later joined the Republican Villagers Nation Party (Turkish: Cumhuriyetçi Köylü Millet Partisi, CKMP) and was elected its chairman. In 1969 the CKMP was renamed the Nationalist Movement Party (Turkish: Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, MHP).[citation needed]

Türkeş served as Deputy Prime Minister in right-wing Nationalistic Front (Turkish: Milliyetçi Cephe) cabinets.[citation needed]

Ideology

Through the far-right MHP, Türkeş took the rightist views of his predecessors like Nihal Atsız, who is known for his explicitly racist views [8][9] and transformed them into a powerful political force. In 1965, Türkeş released a political pamphlet titled "Dokuz Işık Doktrini" (Nine Lights Doctrine). This text listed nine basic principles which formed the basis of the nationalist ideology. These were nationalism, idealism, moralism, societalism, scientism, independentism, ruralism, progressivism & populism, and industrialism & technologism.[citation needed]

Türkeş led the vanguard of anti-communism in Turkey; he was a founding member of the Counter-Guerrilla, the Turkish Gladio.[10]

He has been the spiritual leader of the Idealism Schools Foundation of Culture and Art (Turkish: Ülkü Ocakları Kültür ve Sanat Vakfı). His followers consider him to be one of the leading icons of the Turkish nationalist movement.[citation needed]

Support of Turanism

In 1992, Alparslan Türkeş went to Baku in 1992 to support his sympathizer Abülfaz Elçibay during the presidential election. Once elected as president of Azerbaijan, Elçibay chose as ministry of Interior İsgandar Hamidov, a member of the Grey Wolves who plead for the creation of a Greater Turkey which would include northern Iran and extend itself to Siberia, India and China. Hamidov resigned in April 1993 after threatening Armenia with a nuclear strike.[11]

Legacy

When he died, it was revealed that he had embezzled 2 trillion Lira from the European Turkish Federation. The pan-Turkist group had created a secret slush fund to support the war in Chechnya and Ebulfeyz Elçibey in Azerbaijan.[12] The money was formerly administered by Enver Altaylı, who had been implicated in the Azerbaijan coup plot. His daughters, Ayzıt and Umay Günay, quarreled over who was the rightful owner (legally, neither of them).[13] The two appeared before the Ankara 7th High Penal Court for fraud. The indictment said that Türkeş' account in a U.K. branch of the Deutsche Bank held 575,000 DM, 845,000 USD, and 367,000 GBP.[14] The court concluded that Ayzıt had withdrawn 200,000 GBP while Umay Günay had withdrawn 42,000 GBP.[15]

Ayzıt said that she had been living in the U.K. since 1975, and that her father opened the account in 1988, giving her complete access to it. She said that her father had instructed her to fulfill his financial obligations (in support of "the cause of Turkishness") upon his death by making certain payments.[16] Türkeş' second wife, Seval, refuted Ayzıt's claim that she had not kept the money to herself. Seval claims that she and her sons' Ayyüce and Ahmet Kutalmış share of the withdrawn 242,000 GBP is 112,355 GBP.[15]

The MHP's chairman, Devlet Bahçeli, instructed his deputies to keep mum, fearing that the scandal could lead to the dissolution of the party.[17]

The case was closed due to the statute of limitations.[18]

Bibliography

  1. Ülkücülük; Hamle Yayınevi; İstanbul, 1995.
  2. 12 Eylül Adaleti (!) : Savunma; Hamle Yayınevi; İstanbul, 1994.
  3. 1944 Milliyetçilik Olayı; Hamle Yayınevi;
  4. Modern Türkiye ; İstanbul.
  5. Milliyetçilik Olayları; Berikan Elektronik Basım Yayım.
  6. 27 Mayıs ve Gerçekler; Berikan Elektronik Basım Yayım.
  7. 27 Mayıs, 13 Kasım, 21 Mayıs ve Gerçekler; İstanbul, 1996.
  8. Ahlakçılık; Berikan Elektronik Basım Yayım.
  9. Etik (Ahlak Felsefesi), Etik.; Bunalımdan Çıkış Yolu; Kamer Yayınları.
  10. Türk Edebiyatında Anılar, İncelemeler, Tenkidler, Anı-Günce-Mektup; İstanbul, 1994.
  11. Bunalımdan Çıkış Yolu; Hamle Yayınevi; İstanbul, 1996.
  12. Dış Meselemiz; Berikan Elektronik Basım Yayım.
  13. İlimcilik; Berikan Elektronik Basım Yayım.
  14. Kahramanlık Ruhu; İstanbul, 1996.
  15. Temel Görüşler; Kamer Yayınları.
  16. Sistemler ve Öğretiler; İstanbul, 1994.
  17. Türkiye'nin Meseleleri; Hamle Yayınevi; İstanbul, 1996.
  18. Yeni Ufuklara Doğru; Kamer Yayınları.
  19. Sistemler ve Öğretiler; İstanbul, 1995

Footnotes

  • ^§ His name was a nom de guerre he took as an official name after 1934. His former name is a subject of debate. His official biography cites "Ali Arslan",[7] while other sources claim "Hüseyin Feyzullah".[19][20] His close friends and old acquaintances called him Albay (Colonel).[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right, by Peter Davies, Derek Lynch, 2002, p. 244
  2. ^ Gérard Chaliand, Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou, Michael Pallis, A People without a country,Zed Books Ltd; 2Rev Ed edition (October 1992) pg 85: "From 1965 onward, Colonel Alparslan Turkes began to weld this tendency into an organized legal political part. Although, he was well known for his fascist sympathies and had even been court martialled in 1946 for "fascist and racist activities," Turkes was allowed to continue his career in the army
  3. ^ Özay Mehmet, Islamic identity and development, Routledge; 1 edition (July 24, 1991) pg.124: "They have developed close links with the Turkish political parties back in Turkey, typically with the ultra-Islamic National Salvation Party and with the extreme neo-fascist party of Alparsalan Turkes"
  4. ^ Chaliand, Gérard, A People without a Country, (Zed Press, 1993), 85.
  5. ^ Özkırımlı, Umut and Spyros A. Sofos, Tormented by history, (Columbia University Press, 2008), 138.
  6. ^ Özkırımlı, Tormented by history, 139.
  7. ^ a b "BAŞBUĞ Alparslan TÜRKEŞ". Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
  8. ^ John M. VanderLippe, The politics of Turkish democracy, State University of New York Press (August 30, 2005). pg 108: "A third group was led by Nihal Atsiz, who favored a Hider style haircut and mustache, and advocated Nazi racist doctrines."
  9. ^ Barry M. Rubin, Metin Heper , Political parties in Turkey, Routledge; 1 edition (April 1, 2002). page 40: "This organization was the continuation of the Turkculer Dernegi (Turkists Club), which was founded in 1963 by grass-root racists such as Nihal Atsiz and Ismet Tumturk"
  10. ^ Lucy Komisar, Turkey's terrorists: a CIA legacy lives on, The Progressive, April 1997
  11. ^ Lee, Martin A. "Les liaisons dangereuses de la police turque", Le Monde diplomatique, March 1997 Template:Fr icon
  12. ^ "MHP accuses Turkes daughters of embezzlement". Turkish Daily News. Hürriyet. 2001-02-13. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
  13. ^ Sevinc, Şaban (2001-02-12). "Zimmete geçirdiler". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-12-24.
  14. ^ "AYZIT TÜRKEŞ: Babam, 'Kızım kimse parayı bilmesin' dedi". Milliyet. 2001-06-22. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
  15. ^ a b "Türkeş'in çocukları miras için davalık". Sabah (in Turkish). 2007-04-22. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
  16. ^ "Ayzıt Türkeş: Vicdanım rahat". Aksam (in Turkish). 2001-06-22. Retrieved 2008-12-24. {{cite news}}: |section= ignored (help)
  17. ^ Tahincioglu, Gokcer (2001-02-13). "Ayzıt'ın 'Hayır' işleri 'Türklük davası'ymış". Milliyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-12-24.
  18. ^ "Zamanaşımına uğramıştı". Sabah (in Turkish). 2007-04-22. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
  19. ^ Muradoğlu, Abdullah (2003-08-16). "Türkeş'in Gizli Dünyası". Yeni Şafak (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-08-14.
  20. ^ Cevik, Ilnur (1997-04-11). "Turkish Nationalists Lose Their Leader". Turkish Daily News. Hürriyet. Retrieved 2008-11-20.
Political offices
Preceded by Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
Mar 31, 1975–Jun 21, 1977 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
Jul 11, 1977–Jan 5, 1978 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Leader of the Republican Peasant's Nation Party (CMKP)
Agu 1, 1965–Feb 8, 1969 		Succeeded by
renamed to MHP
Preceded by
renamed from CKMP
 Leader of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP)
Feb 8, 1969–Apr 5, 1997 		Succeeded by
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