Jap
Jap is an English abbreviation of the word "Japanese." Today it is regarded as an ethnic slur, though English-speaking countries differ in the degree they consider the term offensive. In the United States, Japanese Americans have come to find the term controversial or offensive, even when used as an abbreviation.[1] In the past, Jap was not considered primarily offensive; however, after the events of World War II, the term became derogatory.[2]
History and etymology
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, "Jap" as an abbreviation for "Japanese" was in colloquial use in London around 1880.[3] An example of benign usage was the previous naming of Boondocks Road in Jefferson County, Texas, originally named "Jap Road" when it was built in 1905 to honor a popular local rice farmer from Japan.[4]
Later popularized during World War II to describe those of Japanese descent, "Jap" was then commonly used in newspaper headlines to refer to the Japanese and Imperial Japan. "Jap" became a derogatory term during the war, more so than "Nip".[2] Some in the United States Marine Corps also tried to combine the word "Japs" with "Apes" to create a new description, "Japes", for the Japanese. However, this neologism never became popular.[2] Veteran and author Paul Fussell explains the usefulness of the word during the war for creating effective propaganda by saying that "Japs" "was a brisk monosyllable handy for slogans like 'Rap the Jap' or 'Let's Blast the Jap Clean Off the Map'".[2]
In the United States and Canada, the term is now considered derogatory; Webster's Dictionary notes it is "usually disparaging".[5] In the United Kingdom it is considered derogatory, and the Oxford dictionary defines it as offensive.[6]
In 2003, the Japanese deputy ambassador to the United Nations, Yoshiyuki Motomurea, protested the North Korean ambassador's use of the term in retaliation for a Japanese diplomat's use of the term "North Korea" instead of the official name, "Democratic People's Republic of Korea".[7] In Texas, under pressure from civil rights groups, Jefferson County commissioners in 2004 decided to drop the name "Jap Road" from a 4.3-mile road near the city of Beaumont. Also in adjacent Orange County, "Jap Lane" has also been targeted by civil rights groups.[8] The road was originally named for the contributions of Kichimatsu Kishi and the farming colony he founded. And in Arizona, the state department of transportation renamed "Jap Road" near Topock, Arizona to "Bonzai Slough Road" to note the presence of Japanese agricultural workers and family-owned farms along the Colorado River there in the early 20th century. [citation needed]
Across the world
In Singapore[9] and Hong Kong,[10] the term is used freely as a contraction of the adjective "Japanese". The Australian news service Asia Pulse also uses the term.[11] In 1970, the Japanese fashion designer Kenzo Takada opened the "Jungle Jap" boutique in Paris.[12] In Japan itself, most Japanese are apathetic about the term, according to a 2004 study.[1]
References
- ^ a b Gil Asakawa, Nikkeiview: JapJapJapJapJapJapJap, July 18, 2004.
- ^ a b c d However, given the ties to and frequent usage by American World War II vets, many people in the United States do not find it offensive. As such, the labelling of Jap as a slur is highly debatable.Paul Fussell, Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War, Oxford University Press, 1989, p. 117.
- ^ "Jap". From the Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
- ^ Tolerance.org: Texas County Bans 'Jap Road'
- ^ "Jap", Webster's
- ^ AskOxford: Jap
- ^ Shane Green, Treaty plan could end Korean War, The Age, November 6, 2003
- ^ Texas Community in Grip of a Kind of Road Rage
- ^ Power up with Jap lunch, The New Paper, 18 May 2006
- ^ http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/jas/deptinfo/deptinfo.htm
- ^ "Chinese Capital Inflow to Leave Taiwan Vulnerable: Jap Newspaper". Asia Pulse. March 26, 2008.
- ^ William Wetherall, "Jap, Jappu, and Zyappu, The emotional tapestries of pride and prejudice", July 12, 2006.
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