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Kidnapping of Jaycee Dugard

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Jaycee Dugard abduction case
Detectives at the Antioch home
LocationAbduction: South Lake Tahoe,
California
Confinement: Antioch, California
DateJune 10, 1991 (1991-06-10) – August 26, 2009
Attack type
Kidnapping
VictimJaycee Dugard
Missing, 18 years
DefenderCarl Probyn, stepfather
(giving chase at abduction)


The kidnapping of Jaycee Lee Dugard took place on June 10, 1991. Dugard was abducted from a school bus stop within sight of her home in South Lake Tahoe, California. She was 11 at the time of her abduction, and was missing for over 18 years. On August 26, 2009, Dugard appeared in the office of her alleged kidnapper's parole officer in California, and her identity was confirmed the following day.

Phillip Craig Garrido, 58, and his wife Nancy Garrido, 55, of Antioch, California were arrested for kidnapping and other charges. Law enforcement officers believe Dugard was kept in a concealed area behind Garrido's house in Antioch, California for 18 years. During this time Dugard bore two daughters who were aged 11 and 15 at the time of her reappearance.

Background

Suspects
Phillip Garrido (left) – Nancy Garrido (right)
—————————————————
 Phillip Garrido
StatusAwaiting trial in the
Contra Costa County Jail[2]
Occupation(s)Printer and self-styled religious evangelist
Spouse(s)The former Nancy Bocanegra
m. October 5, 1981
Leavenworth, Kansas
Conviction(s)1977: kidnapping (federal), sexual assault (Nevada)
Criminal charge2009: kidnapping, rape,
false imprisonment
PenaltyIncarcerated 1977–1988
at U.S. Penitentiary, Leavenworth
Nancy Garrido
StatusAwaiting trial in the
Contra Costa County Jail
(Martinez, California)
OccupationHousewife
Criminal charge2009: kidnapping, rape,
false imprisonment

Garrido's father, Manuel, a resident of Garrido's home town of Brentwood, described Garrido as "crazy" after a motorcycle accident that required surgery when Garrido was a teenager.[3] He has a history of using LSD and cocaine during his 20s.[4]

In November of 1976, Garrido was able to get a ride from Katherine Callaway Hall (b. 1951), where he hijacked her in South Lake Tahoe, California and forced her to drive to a Nevada warehouse where he raped her over a 24 hour period, but was caught by the police immediately afterward. [5] In a 1976, court-ordered psychiatric evaluation Garrido was diagnosed to be a "sexual deviant and chronic drug abuser." The forensic psychologist "wrote that Garrido’s 'sexual deviation' could have been caused by four years of daily LSD use, along with regular abuse of marijuana, alcohol and cocaine." [6] In later interviews, he spoke of masturbating in public restrooms.[7] He also testified in court that he masturbated in his car by the side of grammar schools and high schools while watching young females.[8] Garrido was convicted of rape and, beginning in 1978, Garrido served about 10 years of a 50-year federal sentence for the kidnapping, and less than a year for a concurrent Nevada sentence of five years to life for sexual assault of a 25-year old woman in South Lake Tahoe.[9][3][10][11][12]

Public records show that Phillip Garrido married his second wife,[4] the former Nancy Bocanegra in Leavenworth, Kan., on Oct. 5, 1981 when he was 30 and she was 26.[13] They met while he was in the federal prison and while she was visiting another prisoner, her uncle.[14]

Garrido was paroled in 1988 after serving less than a year at the Northern Nevada Correctional Center, following his imprisonment at the federal penitentiary at Leavenworth for kidnapping. In 1998, his lifetime parole supervision was transferred to California where he lived in Antioch at his mother's home and registered as a sex offender. As a parolee, Garrido was monitored. He would later wear a GPS-enabled ankle bracelet and was regularly visited by police, even as late as July 2008. Garrido went to live with his elderly mother (born circa 1930) in Antioch. His mother suffered from dementia and he and his wife provided care for her. From 1999 onwards, the Garridos called for ambulance services five times to address various medical emergencies his mother experienced. During this time, the pair would also spend some time providing care for other elderly neighbors, at least to the point of feeding them and later acting as caretakers for the neighboring house when it was vacant and, to some degree, Phillip Garrido seems to live in a shed in that neighbor's backyard.

In September 1990, Dugard and her family moved from the Orange County city of Garden Grove to South Lake Tahoe, hoping to escape violence, traffic, and smog.[15][16] At the time of the abduction, Jaycee was in 5th grade attending Meyers Elementary School near South Lake Tahoe.

Abduction

On June 10, 1991, Dugard's stepfather, Carl Probyn, witnessed the abduction from almost two blocks away. He saw two people in a gray sedan (possibly a Mercury Monarch or Mercury Zephyr) make a U-turn at the school bus stop where Dugard was waiting, and force her into the car despite her struggles. Probyn then gave chase on a bicycle but he was unable to overtake their vehicle. Some of Jaycee's classmates were also witnesses to the abduction. Just a week prior to her abduction, their class had been trained in how to resist such attacks as a part of a D.A.R.E. program.

Probyn was a suspect in the disappearance of Dugard, and later took several lie-detector tests.[17][18] The kidnapping case attracted nationwide attention and was featured many times on the television show America's Most Wanted.[19][20][21]

Captivity

After the abduction, the Garridos took Dugard to their home in a low-rent, unincorporated area within northeast Antioch.[22] They later built a privacy fence around the property, which already had several large trees in the yard. Phillip Garrido was found to have violated his parole and was returned to federal prison from April to August of 1993. Dugard bore two daughters; while the three girls never went to school or saw a doctor, they remained physically healthy.

Law enforcement officers believe that at the time they became involved in 2009, Dugard's living quarters were in the backyard behind Phillip Garrido's house on Walnut Avenue in Antioch. The private area of the yard included sheds (one of which was soundproofed and used as a recording studio in which Gurrido used to record himself singing religious-themed country songs), two tents and what has been described as a camping-style shower and toilet. The tents were a moderate size and had inexpensive chests of drawers and cots for beds. There was a plastic swimming pool and a trampoline. While the yard was messy, with older possessions that had apparently been set aside, it seemed that the girls were able to maintain proper hygiene. The area was surrounded by tall trees and a 6-foot (1.8 m) high fence. Some part of the entrance was covered by a tarpaulin. An old car similar to the one used in the abduction, tents and outbuildings around the yard tended to enhance privacy for the yard. Law enforcement officers visited the residence at least twice in recent years but did not give the back yard more than a quick inspection. When police investigated the backyard, they found it to be crowded with typical childhood possession amongst the tents and sheds. There were plenty of books and sheds were supplied with electricity via extension cords. Jaycee Dugard sometimes lived in the house and even sometimes answered the front door. While the family kept to themselves, the girls were sometimes seen playing in the backyard and also as passenger when Garrido went driving. Garrido claims to have home-schooled the two girls.[23]

Garrido operated a print shop. In the few years before his arrest he began to talk more about religion, though he had been described by others as quiet, mild mannered, intelligent and mature. Ben Daughdrill, a customer of Garrido's printing business, claimed he had met and spoken by telephone with a woman calling herself "Allissa", Garrido's daughter. Daughdrill said she did excellent art work for the business. Allissa was sometimes referred to as the "creative force" behind the business.

During this time, Dugard had access to the business phone and had an email account. One customer of the printing business indicated that she never hinted to to him about her childhood abduction or true identity.[24] Her two daughters told others she was their older sister.[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]

While in Antioch, Garrido also kept an Internet blog associated with what he called "Gods´ Desire Church." In the blog Garrido said he had the power to control sound with his mind:

"I Phillip Garrido have clearly demonstrated the ability to control sound with my mind and have developed a device for others to witness this phenomena" [...] "I have produced a set of voices by effectively controlling the sound to pronounce words through my own mental powers."

[24]

As Garrido's religious zealotry increased, he began to mention to business friends inappropriate issues such as masturbation. He had been seen by some neighbors carrying around some sort of device, as he mentions in his blog.[7]

Missed police opportunity to rescue Jaycee

In 2006 one of Garrido's neighbors called 9-1-1 to inform them there were tents in the backyard with children living there and that Garrido was a "psychotic" with sexual addictions. A deputy sheriff spoke with Garrido at the front of the house for about 30 minutes and left after telling him there would be a code violation if people were living outside on the property. After Dugard was found in August 2009 the local police issued an apology.[32][33]

Reappearance

Jaycee Dugard
File:Jaycee Dugard FBI image.jpg
A photograph taken prior to kidnapping,
posted on the FBI's website – accompanied with a banner designating her as "recovered"
Born
Jaycee Lee Dugard

(1980-05-03) May 3, 1980 (age 44)
Garden Grove, California
NationalityAmerican
ChildrenTwo daughters
Born c. 1994, c. 1998
ParentMother: Terry Probyn
RelativesStepfather: Carl Probyn, Half-sister: Shayna Probyn

On August 24, 2009, Garrido visited the San Francisco office of the FBI and left a four-page essay containing his own ideas about religion and sexuality, suggesting that he had discovered some social or religious solution to problem behaviors like his own past crimes. The essay described how he had cured his own criminal sexual behaviors and how that information could be used to assist in curing other sexual predators by "controlling human impulses that drive humans to commit dysfunctional acts." [35][36]

On the same day, Phillip Garrido went to a University of California, Berkeley police office seeking permission to hold a special Christian event on campus referred to as a part of his "God's Desire" program. He spoke with U.C. Berkeley special events manager Lisa Campbell. Campbell perceived his behavior as odd and asked him to make an appointment for the next day, which he did, leaving his name in the process. The next morning Campbell notified campus police officer Ally Jacobs about the meeting later that morning with Garrido, and her concerns. Jacobs ran a background check and learned that Garrido was on parole for rape, and decided to sit in on the meeting. Garrido arrived with two girls, ages 11 and 15, whom he introduced as his daughters. At the meeting, Jacobs noticed that the girls' behavior was erratic. Jacobs later said that while the younger girl sat and seemed relaxed, the older girl stared at Garrido "like he was a god."

Concerned about their behavior, Jacobs decided to try to engage the girls. When asked about a bump near her eye, the younger girl suggested that it was congenital and untreatable. Because of the way the young girl said this, it seemed to Jacobs to be rehearsed. It also seemed incredible to Jacobs that a doctor would find the bump untreatable. Jacobs later stated about the meeting that the girls "had this weird look in their eyes like brainwashed zombies." After the meeting, Jacobs attempted to contact Garrido's parole officer to express her concern about the welfare of the two girls.[37]

The following day, August 26, the parole office and Jacobs talked on the phone and Jacobs later said she was shocked when the parole officer told her he believed Garrido had no children but would investigate further. He telephoned Garrido and asked him to come in for a parole meeting. Later that day, Garrido arrived at the meeting with his wife, the two girls, and Jaycee Dugard, whom they all referred to by the name "Allissa". After being separated from Garrido for a further interview, the three were discovered to be Dugard and the two children that she had borne. Garrido and his wife were then arrested by local police. An FBI agent put Dugard on the telephone with her mother, Terry Probyn, who at first thought the call was a prank. Dugard retained custody of her children and was soon reunited with her mother.[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]

Continuing aftermath

Garrido's statements

On Thursday, August 27, KCRA-TV in Sacramento, California, interviewed Garrido in his jail cell by telephone. During the interview Garrido said, "In the end, this is going to be a powerful, heartwarming story" because, in his version of events,

"My life has been straightened out." [...] "Wait till you hear the story of what took place at this house. You're going to be absolutely impressed. It’s a disgusting thing that took place with me at the beginning, but I turned my life completely around."[47]

Garrido repeatedly told the reporter how he had "filed documents" with the FBI on Monday, August 24, which, when they were published, would cause people to "fall over backwards" and that he could not reveal more because he "had to protect law enforcement" and "what happened" [...] was "something that humans have not understood well."[47] In the interview Garrido denied he had ever harmed Dugard's two daughters. He said their births changed his life and "they slept in my arms every single night since birth. I never touched them."[47]

On August 28, FBI spokesman Joseph Schadler confirmed that Garrido had indeed left the documents with the agency, as he had claimed, but declined to discuss any further details.[48]

Legal proceedings

On August 28 Garrido and his wife pled not guilty to charges including kidnapping, rape and false imprisonment.[24]

Starting at the end of August 2009, police have been extensively excavating the Garrido house for evidence of other crimes. Because Phillip Garrido had access to his neighbor's house, it is being searched for evidence as well.[49][50]

Reunion and public reaction

Carl Probyn, Jaycee's stepfather, confirmed that Jaycee and her daughters are in good health and that their reunion is going well and that they are proceeding slowly. He said that his stepdaughter had developed a significant emotional bond with Phillip Garrido, having viewed their relationship as a marriage for so many years. He also commented that it appears she never told her children that she was kidnapped by their father. He commented that the children appear to be healthy and intelligent.[51][52]

A psychiatrist later said Dugard might have developed some trace of Stockholm syndrome.[53][54]

Ernie Allen, president of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, said Dugard's reappearance is an important event for families of other long-term missing children, because it shows that there is hope even in long-term cases.[55]

While some, such as Georgia Hilgeman-Hammond, who founded the Vanished Children's Alliance in San Jose, California in 1976 after her 13-month-old daughter was abducted, focused on the emotional turmoil of the experience and some sort of need for years of counseling, others such as Elizabeth Smart have stressed the importance of focusing on the future with a positive attitude as an effective approach to accepting what has happened.[56][57]

Carl Probyn, who continues to report on the reunion to the media, said that the girls thought Jaycee was their sister, and that they cried over their dad's arrest and were angry about it.[58] It was also reported that only after Garrido's arrest did Jaycee tell her daughters that she was kidnapped by their father and that she was not their older sister but their mother.[59]

The Jaycee Dugard Trust Fund has been established, based in Atwood, California.[60]

See also

References

  1. ^ Meet Phillip Craig Garrido 2009-08-29
  2. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6118328/Jaycee-Lee-Dugard-Philip-and-Nancy-Garrido-on-suicide-watch-in-jail.html
  3. ^ a b Costa, Hilary; Lockett, Jonathan; Burgarino, Paul (2009-08-28). "Accident, drug use changed man accused in abduction, father says". Mercury News. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
  4. ^ a b Allen, Nick (2009-09-01). "Jaycee Lee Dugard: Philip Garrido's first wife claims monster had sick sex fantasies". Daily TelegraphAlle. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Retrieved 2009-09-02.
  5. ^ Phillip Garrido victim speaks to Larry King about Jaycee Dugard case and shares her story 2009-09-01
  6. ^ Psychiatrist diagnosed Phillip Garrido in 1976 as a 'sexual deviant'2009-08-30
  7. ^ a b Accused abductor of Jaycee Dugard turned increasingly zealous, customers say 2009-08-29
  8. ^ Phillip Garrido, charged with kidnapping Jaycee Lee Dugard, told court he stalked girls at schools 2009-08-30
  9. ^ Garrido served about 10 years of a 50-year sentence for a federal kidnapping conviction and less than a year for rape.
  10. ^ California Registered Sex Offender Profile Display
  11. ^ Griffith, Martin (2009-08-28). "Kidnapping suspect once admitted to sex fantasies". Associated Press. Retrieved 2009-08-28.
  12. ^ Mullen Jr., Frank X. (2009-08-28). "Garrido violated federal parole, stayed free". Reno Gazette-Journal. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
  13. ^ Nancy Garrido is the former Nancy Bocanegra
  14. ^ Garrido met future wife while in federal prison at Leavenworth
  15. ^ Weiner, Melissa Balmain (1991-06-13). "Parents of kidnapped girl had left OC to escape crime". The Orange County Register. p. A01. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  16. ^ Creamer, Anita (1991-07-25). "No Forgetting For Jaycee's Family". The Sacramento Bee. p. E1. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  17. ^ Full details about Jaycee Lee Dugard
  18. ^ Moore, Matthew (2009-08-27). "Jaycee Lee Dugard walks into police station 18 years after disappearance". The Register.
  19. ^ Taylor Gandossy (2009-08-27). "Girl missing since 1991 found alive, police confirm". CNN.
  20. ^ "Police: California Girl Kidnapped 18 Years Ago Kept as Sex Slave in Couple's Backyard - Local News | News Articles | National News | US News". FOXNews.com. 1991-06-10. Retrieved 2009-08-28.
  21. ^ "Missing girl 'found 18 years on'". BBC. 2009-08-27.
  22. ^ Los Angeles Times, "Sex offenders move to Antioch area 'because they can',"
  23. ^ Cops search two Antioch homes for evidence in the Jaycee Dugard case 2009-08-31
  24. ^ a b c McKinley, Jessie (2009-08-28). "Kidnapping Victim Was Not Always Locked Away". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
  25. ^ Associated Press, Gone 18 years, girl found but questions remain, 30 August 2009, retrieved 31 August 2009
  26. ^ "1991 Kidnap Victim Was Sex Slave, Bore Children With Sex Offender - Phillip Garrido, Nancy Garrido, Cold Case, Jaycee Lee Dugard - KTXL". Fox40.com. Retrieved 2009-08-28.
  27. ^ "Woman kidnapped as an 11-year-old in '91 found". latimes.com. Retrieved 2009-08-28.
  28. ^ sacbee.com, Joy, horror as officials report on Jaycee Lee Dugard case, 28 August 2009, retrieved 28 August 2009
  29. ^ Abducted girl, 11, turns up 18 years later - with two children fathered by her captor at the Daily Mail
  30. ^ Bill Lindelof, Kim Minugh and Sam Stanton, Dugard kidnapping suspect has long criminal record[dead link], McClatchy Newspapers (from stltoday.com), 27 August 2009, retrieved 28 August 2009
  31. ^ Phillip Garrido: God's Chosen Communicator or Plain Old Psycho? 2009-08-29
  32. ^ Missing girl could have been found in 2006, The Independent, 29 August, 2009
  33. ^ Netter, Sarah and Ghebremedhin, Sabina, Cops Apologize for Muffing Chance to Rescue Jaycee Dugard in 2006, abcnews.go.com, 28 August 2009, retrieved 28 August 2009
  34. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/jaycee-lee-dugard/6115550/Jaycee-Lee-Dugards-daughters-Angel-and-Starllite-did-not-know-their-mother-had-been-kidnapped.html
  35. ^ "Dugard Kidnapping Suspect Told FBI He'd Cured Himself". ABC News. 08-30-2009. Retrieved 08-31-2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  36. ^ "Fiend Gave the FBI his Perv-Cure Manifesto". New York Post. 30 August, 2009. Retrieved 08-30-2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  37. ^ How Jaycee Lee Dugard was found: U.C. Berkeley Police describe Dugard's children Starlite and Angel 2009-08-31
  38. ^ EXCLUSIVE: Meet Cop Who Helped Nail Alleged Dugard Kidnapper
  39. ^ Phillip Garrido raised alarms for UC Berkeley police
  40. ^ Jaycee Lee Dugard, girl found after 18 years, 'bonded' with accused kidnapper Phillip Garrido 2009-08-29
  41. ^ Psychiatrist on Jaycee Dugard: Bonding With Captors Is Mind's Way of Safeguarding Itself 2009-08-28
  42. ^ Source: 1991 Kidnap Victim Was Sex Slave, Bore Children With Sex Offender
  43. ^ Cops: Kidnap victim held 18 years, bore two kids
  44. ^ Jaycee Lee Dugard, girl found after 18 years, 'bonded' with accused kidnapper Phillip Garrido 2009-08-28
  45. ^ Associated Press, Stepdad: Girl held 18 years enjoys 'happy' reunion, 28 August 2009, retrieved 28 August 2009
  46. ^ Police 'sorry' for kidnap blunder 2009-08-29
  47. ^ a b c "Kidnap Suspect: 'Wait Until You Hear The Story'". KCRA. 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
  48. ^ "Questions arise over how kidnapper went undetected". Yahoo. 2009-08-28. Retrieved 2009-08-31.
  49. ^ "Jaycee Lee Dugard: 'Death dogs' search Philip Garrido's home for missing girls". 2009-08-31. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
  50. ^ "Jaycee Dugard's Captor Eyed in Other Missing Girl Cases". 2009-08-31. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
  51. ^ Questions arise over how alleged abductor went undetected for so long, MSNBC, 28 August, 2009
  52. ^ Jaycee Dugard's stepdad says reunion with family 'going great' 2000-08-28
  53. ^ Richard Alleyne, Jaycee Lee Dugard may have succumbed to 'Stockholm Syndrome', Telegraph.co.uk, August 28, 2009
  54. ^ Lisa Leff and Terry Collins, Many missed chances to catch kidnapping suspect, Associated Press Writers, kentucky.com, August 29, 2009
  55. ^ Taylor Gandossy, Tom Watkins and Stan Wilson (August 28, 2009). "Sheriff: Kidnap victim, children kept in backyard compound". cnn.com. Retrieved 2009-09-01.
  56. ^ "Challenges ahead for Jaycee Dugard's recovery from long ordeal". http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_13226665. 2009-08-28. {{cite news}}: External link in |work= (help)
  57. ^ Elizabeth Smart's Advice to Jaycee Dugard: Move Forward in Life 2009-08-28
  58. ^ Jaycee's Stepdad: Her New Life "Like Mars", August 31, 2009
  59. ^ Jaycee And Kids 'Cried At Kidnapper's Arrest', 31 August 2009
  60. ^ Jaycee Lee Dugard private prison backyard photos, pictures, slideshow and video 2009-08-31

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