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Ice IX

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Ice IX is a metastable form of solid water stable at temperatures below 140 K and pressures between 200 and 400 MPa. It has a tetragonal crystal lattice and a density of 1.16 g/cm³, 26% higher than ordinary ice. It is formed by cooling ice III from 208 K to 165 K (rapidly to avoid forming ice II). Its structure is identical to ice III other than being proton-ordered.

Ordinary water ice is known as ice Ih in the Bridgman nomenclature. Different types of ice, from ice II to ice XV, have been created in the laboratory at different temperatures and pressures.

In fiction

Ice-nine is a fictional material conceived by writer Kurt Vonnegut in his 1963 novel Cat's Cradle.

References

  • Bridgman, P. W. (1937) J. Chem. Phys. 5, 964.
  • Chaplin, Martin (2007-11-11). "Ice-three and ice-nine structures". Water Structure and Science. Retrieved 2008-01-02.