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Alfred-Maurice de Zayas

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Alfred-Maurice de Zayas (born 31 May 1947[1] in Havana, Cuba) is an American lawyer, writer, historian, a leading expert in the field of human rights, as well as a former high-ranking United Nations official. He is currently a professor of international law at the Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations,[2] and was formerly a senior lawyer with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights,[3][4] Secretary of the Human Rights Committee, and the Chief of Petitions. He practised law in New York as an associate in the law firm Simpson Thacher & Bartlett from 1970 to 1974, specializing on corporate law, and is also a retired member of the Florida Bar.

De Zayas has written and lectured extensively on human rights, including the jurisprudence of the United Nations Human Rights Committee,[5][6] the Armenian Genocide,[7][8] the US-run detention centers at Guantanamo Bay[9][10][11][12][13][14], "ethnic cleansing" in the former Yugoslavia,[15] the expulsion of Eastern European Germans after the Second World War,[16] the invasion of Cyprus by Turkey in 1974 [17][18],[19] the rights of minorities,[20] and indigenous peoples.[21] He is an advocate of "the right to homeland" as a universal human right.[22][23][24]

While de Zayas' literary output and his international law and human rights publications are mainstream, his peace activism has rendered him somewhat controversial in the United States[25]. Since his retirement from the UN in 2003, de Zayas has become a vocal critic of the Iraq war [26], indefinite detention [27] in Guantanamo, secret CIA prisons, nuclear pollution, and extreme poverty. He has chastised the United States, Great Britain, and Germany for their lack of intellectual honesty and their lip service to human rights.[28].

Biography

De Zayas grew up in Chicago and earned his juris doctor from Harvard Law School and a doctorate of philosophy in modern history from the Georg-August University of Göttingen. He practiced corporate law in New York and family law in Florida, as member of the New York and Florida Bars. He was also a Fulbright Fellow at the University of Tübingen and research fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg. In 1978-80, he participated in the German-American Schoolbook Commission at the Georg Eckert Institut in Braunschweig and in 1980 published a long article on the subject of prejudice and stereotypes in schoolbooks in "Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte".[29]

During the course of his legal and academic career, he has been a visiting professor of international law and of world history at a number of institutions, including the Graduate Institute of International Studies (Geneva), the DePaul University College of Law (Chicago), the University of British Columbia (Vancouver), the Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations, the Schiller International University (Leysin), the Académie Internationale de Droit Constitutionnel (Tunis), the University of Trier, the Santa Clara Law School, the Center for Applied Studies in International Negotiations (CASIN, Genève), the Institut de Droits de l'Homme Strasbourg, the Felix Ermacora Institute in Vienna, the Raoul Wallenberg Institute in Lund (Sweden), the Irish National University (Galway) and the Universidad de Alcalá de Henares (Madrid). He has been member of doctoral commissions at Institut Universitaire de Hautes Etudes Internationales, the universities of Amsterdam, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), the International Humanitarian Law Institute (San Remo)[30] and the Geneva School of Diplomacy.

De Zayas regularly publishes op-ed articles and essays in German and Swiss newspapers, including the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung [31], Die Welt, Das Parlament, Der Spiegel, Bayernkurier, Zeit Fragen, and the Tribune de Genève. He has made television appearances on round tables and panels for CNN, WDR, WDR's Monitor, WDR's "Alte und neue Heimat", Phoenix, 3sat, ZDF, ZDF-Magazin, Südwestfunk/Baden-Baden, "Report", Aschaffenburger Gespräche, Bayerischer Rundfunk, Léman Bleu (Geneva) etc. He has been legal and historical consultant to numerous television documentaries in the US, Canada, the Netherlands and Germany, including the Discovery Channel film on the sinking of the refugee ship "Wilhelm Gustloff", and the Bayerischer Rundfunk documentary "Flucht und Vertreibung". He regularly gives radio interviews to Deutschlandfunk, Deutsche Welle, Radio Cité (Geneva), WBAI (New York), and other stations.[32][33]

De Zayas is a Roman Catholic and resides with his Dutch wife in Geneva.[34]

According to press articles, he has been a registered Republican in the United States since 1968, when he was a Harvard student and active member of the Harvard Republicans, but has voted for the Democratic party since 2004.[35]

Publications on Ethnic Cleansing of Germans after WW II

While de Zayas' human rights publications largely reflect United Nations positions, his historical research and conclusions regarding the Ethnic Cleansing [36] of Germans from their native Land in East Germany and Eastern Europe at the end of World War II, a topic that had been hitherto largely neglected by academics, have given rise to much controversy[37][38][39][40]. In 1975, he published a study in the Harvard International Law Journal in which he questioned the legality of the expulsion of possibly as many as 15 million Germans from their homes after World War II, invoking the Atlantic Charter, the Hague Conventions, and the Nuremberg Principles.[41] The article was followed by the book Nemesis at Potsdam which focused on the degree of responsibility of the Anglo-Americans for decisions leading to the expulsions of these ethnic Germans. U.S. Ambassador and Eisenhower advisor Robert Murphy wrote the preface.[42] In the same year, an enlarged German edition was published by the foremost legal publisher in Germany, C.H. Beck, becoming a bestseller, and was quickly reissued by Germany's largest pocketbook publisher, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag. In this book, de Zayas took an interdisciplinary approach to the phenomenon of population transfers and examined the situation of the ethnic Germans from both a historical and legal perspective. De Zayas was the first American historian to address this topic.[43] As law professor at DePaul in Chicago, he organized an exhibit entitled "Ethnic Cleansing 1944-1948", which ran from November 1993 to February 1994, consisting of more than 100 poster-sized Wochenschau, Bundesarchiv and US-Army Signal Corps pictures, as well as paintings by survivors of the expulsion, which was widely visited and commented in the Chicago press.[44][45][46]

His second book, The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau was published in Germany by Universitas/Langen Müller. Professor Howard Levie, a noted expert in international humanitarian law, wrote the preface. This book describes some of the work of the Wehrmacht-Untersuchungsstelle, a special section of the legal department of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, which investigated Allied and German war crimes. Examples include the murder of Ukrainians in Lviv by the NKVD in 1941, the murder of Polish prisoners of war at Katyn in 1940, executions of German PoWs by French irregulars in 1944, and the sinking of the German hospital ship "Tübingen" by the British in 1944. De Zayas was the first researcher to see and evaluate the extant 226 volumes (only about half of the total records, the rest apparently having been burned in Langensalza, Germany near the end of the war, according to de Zayas.[47]), which had been classified documents in the United States and had just been returned by the US National Archives to the German Bundesarchiv. The book was savagely attacked in the media of the Soviet Union and its satellites. Notwithstanding criticism from a few historians in Germany, Nemesis at Potsdam and The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau were well-received in the academic community, are used in colleges and universities, and remain in print thirty years after their initial publication, in the 14th and 7th revised and updated editions, respectively.[48]

Civic activities

De Zayas was co-President with Jacqueline Berenstein Wavre of the Association Suisses et Internationaux de Genève (1996-2006). ASIG was particularly active in the cultural integration of international civil servants into Geneva life, an activity currently carried out by the "Geneva Welcome Centre" at the Villa la Pastorale in Geneva. It also organized numerous round tables at the United Nations and other public events with a view to promoting Switzerland's entry into the United Nations. On 11 November 1998 ASIG hosted a conference at the Palais des Nations on "Denis de Rougement ou l'art de penser en avant les problèmes". On 12 May 1999 ASIG hosted a conference by Professor Peter Tschopp, Director of the Institut Universitaire de Hautes Etudes Internationales, on "La Suisse et l'ONU" at the Centre d'Accueil Genève Inernationale. ASIG also hosted round tables at the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights at the Palais Wilson 2000-2002[49][50][51][52][53]

Activist for human rights and peace

De Zayas is a member of numerous professional organizations and non-governmental organizations, including Amnesty International, Point Coeur,[54][55] the Geneva Club de la Presse, the German Society for International Law, the Forschungskreis Vereinte Nationen, and the Centre Against Expulsions (Zentrum gegen Vertreibungen), the Spanish Society for International Human Rights Law. He sits on the advisory boards of several organizations, including the Internationale Gesellschaft für Menschenrechte in Frankfurt, and is a member of the International Expert Panel for a European Solution in Cyprus (2004-2008). In January 2008, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights placed his name on the public list of candidates for Special Procedures of the UN Human Rights Council[56]

He is currently president of Millennium Solidarity, a Geneva non-governmental organization working for world peace and the eradication of poverty [57]. He has participated on podium discussions at the UN and chaired an expert panel on peace, disarmament and powerty at the Civil Society Development Forum on 28 June 2007 in Geneva.[58] Millennium Solidarity has synergies with the Geneva Institute for Peace [59], CETIM -Centre Europe- Tier Monde[60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] He is a member of the Asociación Española para el Desarrollo del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos (AEDIDH), which in October 2006 produced the "Luarca Declaration on the Human Right to Peace".[67][68] He has represented AEDIDH, the International P.E.N., and the International Society for Human Rights at round tables at the United Nations in Geneva.[69] including with Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Professor Jean Ziegler, with the Chairman of the Human Rights Council, Ambassador Luis de Alba, and with the President of the General Assembly Miguel d'Escoto. He is an advocate of the human right to peace and a signatory of the "Luarca Declaration on the Human Right to Peace" [70]. He contributed to a book on the Human Right to Peace and presented it at a symposium at the University of California at Berkeley in November 2009. [71].

While at the U.N., de Zayas was the founder and editor of the series "Selected Decisions of the Human Rights Committee under the Optional Protocol." He is a regular participant in panels and round tables at the United Nations, where he represents the International Society for Human Rights. During the 4th-10th sessions of the Human Rights Council, he has participated in panels on various issues including the right to development, extreme poverty, the millennium development goals, Kashmir [72], moderated a panel on human dignity, and presented the statement of Secretary General Ban Ki Moon on the International Day of Human Rights, 21 September 2007.[72][73][74][75]. He is a consultant with the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights in Geneva and a member of the advisory board of Project 2048 at the University of Berkeley, which aims at a new human rights convention with effective implementation machinery to promote and protect all human rights, including the "new enabling rights" such as the right to peace, the right to truth, the right to a homeland [76].

In June 2009 de Zayas published, together with Justice Jakob Th.Möller (Iceland) a handbook "The Case-Law of the United Nations Human Rights Committee 1977-2008". The first Chairperson of the Committee, Andreas Mavrommatis, wrote the preface and the former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Bertrand Ramcharan, reviewed it in the UN Special of June 2009, pp. 18-19: "It is staggering how much the Human Rights Committee has influenced the human rights jurisprudence of the world, as is striking from reading this exceedingly important book.... From the outset of its work in 1977 there have been two Secretariat pioneers in developing the case law of the Committee when it considers petitions from individuals claiming violations of their rights: Jakob Möller (Iceland) and Alfred de Zayas (USA). Möller was the first Chief of the Petitions branch of what is today the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and de Zayas was his colleague, who eventually succeeded him as Chief. ...Every lawyer, every judge, every public-spirited citizen will want to consult this fascinating book, because it tells us what is legally right and legally wrong, how to judge our governments, our societies, our United Nations and ourselves."

Literary endeavors

De Zayas has published poetry in English, French, German, Spanish, and Dutch, translated Rainer Maria Rilke into English, French, and Spanish, translated Joseph von Eichendorff and Hermann Hesse into English.[77]

As a member of the International Rainer Maria Rilke Society (Sierre, Switzerland), he published the first English-language translation of Rilke's "Larenopfer", 90 poems dedicated to Rilke's homeland of Bohemia, and hometown of Prague (with a historical commentary, Red Hen Press, Los Angeles, 2005, second revised and enlarged edition 2008 with a preface by Professor Ralph Freedman; The new book of George C. Schoolfield "Young Rilke and his Time", Camden House 2009, refers favourably to de Zayas' pioneering translation). With this book, de Zayas opened a new facet of Rilke research: Rilke as Heimatdichter or poet of the homeland, poète du terroir - spanning Rilke's early poetry characterized by enthusiasm for the beauties and the history of his homeland through Rilke's final poetic testament – more than 400 poems in French, dedicated to the Valais in Switzerland (Quatrains Valaisains, Roses, Fenetres, Vergers), Rilke's "Wahlheimat", where he spent the last years of his life at the Château de Muzot in Sierre and where he is buried in nearby Raron. Hitherto, Rilke had been understood primarily as a metaphyscial poet, as a poet's poet, but never seen as a homeland poet. Zayas has lectured and published on Rilke's search for a sense of belonging and his grateful attachment to a landscape and to the real people who live there.[78]

He has also published in the literary journal of the PEN Club Suisse romande "L'Escarpe" (renamed 2008 "Pages Littéraires) in 2007 and 2008. A member of International PEN since 1989, he was secretary of the Centre Swiss romand of PEN PEN Club in 2002-06, and is currently its president. De Zayas has been coordinator of the three Swiss PEN Centres Switzerland since 2008.[79]

De Zayas served for 15 years as president of the United Nations Society of Writers (Geneva). De Zayas was the founder of the UN literary review Ex Tempore ISSN 1020-6604, which has published 20 issues [80].[81].[82][83] In September 2009 he was reelected editor-in-chief of Ex Tempore. On 23 January 2009 the 13th annual Ex Tempore salon was held in Geneva [84][85]

Prizes

De Zayas received the "Ehrengabe zum Georg Dehio Preis" in Esslingen in 1980, the Human Rights Award of the Danube Swabian Society of the United States and Canada in 1985, the VDA-Kulturpreis in Weimar in 1996, the "Plakete für Verdienste für das Selbstbestimmungsrecht" in Berlin in 1997, the "Humanitas Ring" in Frankfurt a.M. in 1998, the "Dr. Walter-Eckhardt-Ehrengabe für Zeitgeschichtsforschung" ("Dr. Walter Eckhardt Award for Contemporary History") from Ingolstadt Research Institute for Contemporary History in 2001,[86] the East Prussian Cultural Prize in Leipzig in 2002, the ANC Scholarly Excellence Award in Los Angeles in 2003, a Menschenrechtspreis in Munich in 2004, and on 10 December 2007 the Menschenrechtspreis of the Volksgruppe der Donauschwaben e.V. in Stuttgart.[87] On 26 July 2008 de Zayas was awarded the Kulturpreis of the city of Geislingen (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) for his Rilke and Hesse translations. the event was attended by the Minister of Culture of Baden Wuerttemberg Rech and by the Governor of BW Oettinger.[88] .

Selected works

  • The United Nations Human Rights Committee Case Law 1977-2008: A Handbook, together with the Icelandic Judge Jakob Th. Möller. N.P.Engel Publishers, Kehl am Rhein, 2009, ISBN 978-3-88357-144-7.
  • "International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms", co-editor and co-author with Gudmundur Alfredsson and Bertrand Ramcharan, Kluwer, The Hague, 2001, ISBN 90-411-1445-9. New revised edition, Brill 2009, ISBN 978 90 04 16236 5.
  • Nemesis at Potsdam: the Expulsion of the Germans from the East. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989 (first edition published in 1977 in London and Boston by Routledge), ISBN 0-8032-4910-1. Preface by Ambassador Robert Murphy. Updated seventh edition published in 2003 by Picton Press in Rockland, Maine, ISBN 0-89725-360-4. Critically acclaimed in the American Journal of International Law, Herald Tribune, Times Educational Supplement, Choice. German version, Die Nemesis von Potsdam, Die Anglo-Amerikaner und die Vertreibung der Deutschen (original version with C.H.Beck, Muenchen, then dtv and Ullstein), 14th revised edition, Herbig, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7766-2454-X, critically acclaimed in die Zeit, Sueddeutsche Zeitung, Neue Zürcher Zeitung (2006), Die Presse (Vienna, 2006).
  • A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994, ISBN 1-4039-7308-3. Preface by Professor Charles Barber. New revised edition with Palgrave/Macmillan, New York 2006, ISBN 1-4939-7308-3. Critically acclaimed in The Times, Publishers' Weekly, Army, Netherlands International Law Review. German version, "Die deutschen Vertriebenen", fifth revised edition with Leopold Stocker Verlag (Ares), Graz, Austria 2006, critically acclaimed in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (2006). In his review article "Inside the Panic", Robert Paxton relies on "A Terrible Revenge" to illustrate the consequences of Nazi crimes on German civilians. New York Review of Books, 22 November 2007, p. 50.
  • The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau, 1939-1945 (With Walter Rabus). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989, ISBN 0-8032-9908-7. Preface by Professor Howard Levie. New revised edition with Picton Press, Rockland, Maine, ISBN 0-89725-421-X. The author was interviewed by CNN on this book on 4 April 1990. Critically acclaimed in the American Journal of International Law, Cambridge Law Journal, Archiv des Völkerrechts, Historische Zeitschrift, Das Parlament. Parts of the book are reproduced for study purposes in the Red Cross Handbook "How does Law Protect in War?" edited by Marco Sassoli and Antoine Bouvier, ICRC, Geneva 1999, ISBN 2-88145-110-1. German version, "Die Wehrmacht-Untersuchungsstelle für Verletzungen des Völkerrechts" Universitas Verlag, München, seventh revised edition 2001, prior editions with Ullstein Verlag, Berlin. Preface by Professor Dr. Dietrich Rauschning, Director of the Institut für Völkerrecht der Universität Göttingen and Judge at the Human Rights Chamber of Sarajevo. Critically acclaimed in Die Zeit, Die Welt, Der Spiegel. A prime-time television special based on this book was aired on Channel 1 of German national television ARD/WDR on 18 and 21 March 1983 to positive reviews in the German press, Los Angeles Times, The Guardian, etc. Issued in 2005 as a DVD by Polar Film, ISBN 3937163859.[89][90][91][92]
  • Heimatrecht ist MenschenrechtUniversitas Verlag, 2001. ISBN 3-8004-1416-3, critically acclaimed in Netherlands International Law Review, Die Welt (2002).
  • Rainer Maria Rilke. Die Larenopfer Bilingual English-German edition with commentary. Red Hen Press, Los Angeles, 2005. ISBN 1-59709-010-7, critically acclaimed in the Blätter der Rilke Gesellschaft, 2nd revised and enlarged edition, 2008, with a preface by Ralph Freedman.
  • Human Rights in the Administration of Criminal Justice in collaboration with Professor Cherif Bassiouni, Transnational Press, New York, 1994, ISBN 0-941320-87-1
  • 50 Thesen zur Vertreibung Verlag Inspiration, London/München, 2008. ISBN 978-3-9812110-0-9.
  • "Ethnic Cleansing: Applicable Norms, Emerging Jurisprudence, Implementable Remedies" in John Carey (ed.) International Humanitarian Law: Origins, Transnational Press, New York 2003, pp. 283-307.
  • "The Right to One's Homeland, Ethnic Cleansing and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia", Criminal Law Forum, 1995, pp. 257-314.
  • 6 entries in David Forsythe's Encyclopedia of Human Rights (Oxford 2009): P.E.N. International and Human Rights, Jose Ayala Lasso, Aryeh Nyer, Kenneth Roth, Simon Wiesenthal and Bertrand Ramcharan, ISBN13: 9780195334029.
  • 18 entries in the Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, edited by Rudolf Bernhardt, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Vol. 1-5, 1992-2003, including "United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights", "Combatants", "Spanish Civil War", "Population Expulsion", "Repatriation", "Open Towns", "Curzon Line", "United States Dependent Territories", "European Recovery Program", etc.
  • "Die amerikanische Besetzung Guantánamos", Institut für Rechtspolitik an der Universität Trier, Rechtspolitisches Forum Nr. 28, 2005, ISSN 1616-8828.
  • 4 entries in Dinah Shelton (ed.) Encyclopedia of Genocide (Macmillan Reference 2004), "Aggression", "Ismael Enver", "Nelson Mandela", "Raoul Wallenberg".
  • "The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights" in Helmut Volger (ed.) Concise Encyclopaedia of the United Nations, Kluwer, The Hague, 2002, 2nd revised edition 2009.
  • "Karl Ernst Smidt" in Biographisches Lexikon für Ostfriesland, Aurich 2007.
  • "The Procedures and Case-Law of the United Nations Human Rights Committee" in Carlos Jiménez Piernas, The Legal Practice in International Law and European Community Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden 2007.
  • "The Istanbul Pogrom of 6-7 September 1955 in the Light of International Law" in Genocide Studies and Prevention, Vol. 2, No. 2 (August 2007) pp. 137-155.
  • "Minority Rights in the New Millennium" in The Geneva Post Quarterly, May 2007, pp. 155-208.
  • "Normes morales et normes juridiques. Concurrence ou conciliation" in Anne Sophie Millet-Devalle (ed.), Religions et Droit International Humanitaire, Editions Pedone, Paris 2007, pp. 81-87.
  • "The Illegal Implantation of Turkish Settlers in Occupied Northern Cyprus" in Gilbert Gornig (ed.), Iustitia et Pax, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2008, pp. 721-731.
  • "The Follow-up Procedure of the UN Human Rights Committee" in International Commission of Jurists Review, No. 47, 1991.
  • "Der Nürnberger Prozess" in Alexander Demandt "Macht und Recht", C.H.Beck, Munich 1996.
  • "The potential for US ratification and enforcement of the Covenants on Civil and Political Rights and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights". Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, vol. 20, 1990. pp. 299-310.
  • "Der Krieg im ehemaligen Yugoslawien aus völkerrechtlicher Sicht" in Tilman Zülch (ed.) "Ethnische Säuberung-Völkermord", Luchterhand, Hamburg 1993.
  • editor of the United Nations series "Human Rights Committee. Selected Decisions under the Optional Protocol" CCPR/C/OP/1, CCPR/C/OP/2, etc.
  • Poetry in English, French, Spanish, German and Russian published in various literary journals and newspapers including "Esoteric" in 2003, 2004 and 2005 (literary journal of the University of British Columbia), in "Ex Tempore" (literary journal of the United Nations Society of Writers), in les Pages Litteraires (literary journal of P.E.N. International, Centre Suisse romand), in the U.N. Special, Reflections (United Nations Staff Council, New York), in "Paloma", publication of the Geneva Salève Society, etc.

References

  1. ^ Heimatrecht ist Menschenrecht, Journal Deutsche Umschau, May 2001, p.3
  2. ^ "Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  3. ^ A. de Zayas "Human Rights, United Nations High Commissioner for" in H. Volger (ed.) Concise Encyclopedia of the United Nations, Kluwer, the Hague, 2002, pp. 217-223, favourably reviewed by Ruth Wedgwood in the American Journal of International Law, vol. 99, pp. 284-287 at 285;
  4. ^ A. de Zayas, "United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights" in Rudolf Bernhardt (ed.) Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, Vol. 4, 2000, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 1129-1132
  5. ^ Jakob Th. Möller/Alfred de Zayas, The United Nations Human Rights Committee Case Law 1977-2008, N.P.Engel Publishers, Kehl/Strasbourg, 2009, ISBN 978-3-88357-144-7
  6. ^ "The Procedures and Case-Law of the United Nations Human Rights Committee" in Carlos Jiménez Piernas, The Legal Practice in International Law and European Community Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden 2007
  7. ^ http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/conference/speakers.html A de Zayas, "The Twentieth Century's First Genocide" in Steven Vardy and Hunt Tooley (eds.) Ethnic Cleansing in 20th Century Europe, Columbia University Press, New York 2003, S. 157-180
  8. ^ "El Genocidio contra los Armenios y la relevancia de la Convención para la prevención y la sanción del delito de genocidio" with a Prologue by the International Commission of Jurists, Buenos Aires, 2009, ISBN 978-950-895-277-6
  9. ^ "The Status of Guantanamo Bay and the Status of the Detainees"" (PDF). University of British Columbia Law Review. 37: 277–342. 2004.
  10. ^ "Guantánamo, la violation du droit en toute impunité". Tribune de Genève. 17–18: 4. 2004. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. ^ "Les Etats-Unis n'auront pas à répondre de Guantanamo". Tribune de Genève. 23 April 2004.
  12. ^ "Guantanamo Naval Base" Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International law, Oxford online 2009, http://www.mpepil.com/subscriber_article?script=yes&id=/epil/entries/law-9780199231690-e301&recno=2&author=de%20Zayas%20%20Alfred
  13. ^ "Wem gehört Guantanamo Bay", Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 29. Dezember 2003
  14. ^ http://www.mpepil.com/subscriber_article?script=yes&id=/epil/entries/law-9780199231690-e301&recno=2&author=de%20Zayas%20%20Alfred
  15. ^ "Ethnische Säuberungen und das Internationale Kriegsverbrechertribunal für das ehemalige Jugoslawien" in Archiv des Völkerrechts, Band 35 (1997) pp. 29-72, "Der Krieg im ehemaligen Jugoslawien aus völkerrechtlicher Sicht" in Tilman Zülch (ed.) Ethnische Säuberung, Luchterhand Verlag, 1999
  16. ^ A. de Zayas "Nemesis at Potsdam" Routledge 1977, 6th revised edition Picton 2003 ISBN, 0-89725-360-4, "A Terrible Revenge", Palgrave/Macmillan, New York 2006, 2nd revised edition, ISBN 978-1-4039-7308-5, "Vertreibung und Voelkerrecht" in the official catalogue of the exhibit "Flucht Vertreibung Integration", Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 3rd edition, Kerber Verlag 2006, ISBN 3-938025-58-1.
  17. ^ "Self-determination. Turkish settlers and Cyprus referenda" in Andreas Auer (ed.) A Constitutional Convention for Cyprus, Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin, 2009, ISBN 978-3-86573-423-5
  18. ^ cyprus
  19. ^ de Zayas, Alfred (2006,). "The Annan Plan". Cyprus Yearbook of International Relations: 163–179. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: year (link)
  20. ^ "Minority Rights in the New Millennium" in The Geneva Post Quarterly, May 2007, pp. 155-208
  21. ^ "The International Judicial Protection of Peoples and Minorities" in Catherine Brölmann "Peoples and Minorities in International Law", Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht 1993, pp.253-288
  22. ^ de Zayas, Alfred-Maurice (1975). "International Law and Mass Population Transfers". Harvard International Law Journal: 207–258.
  23. ^ de Zayas, Alfred-Maurice (1996). "The Right to One's Homeland, Ethnic Cleansing and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia". Criminal Law Journal.
  24. ^ Heimatrecht ist Menschenrecht. Munich: Universitas. 2001.
  25. ^ Impunität von Bush, 21.04.2003 (Friedensratschlag)
  26. ^ Poets Against War
  27. ^ Human rights and indefinite detention
  28. ^ St. Galler Tagblatt 14 May 2004 "Verbrechen gegen den Frieden bestrafen" «Verbrechen gegen Frieden bestrafen»
  29. ^ ""Deutsch-amerikanische Schulbuchrevision" Das Parlament, Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, 14. Juli 1979, pp. 37-47, "Deutsch-amerikanische Schulbuchrevision: 1962 bis 1967, und heute?" Lecture at the Rhein-Ruhr-Klub, Düsseldorf 29 March 1979, "Verzerrtes Deutschlandbild in Amerika" Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 1 August 1978, p. 2, "Hässliche Klischees in Schulbüchern" in Der Junge Beamte, November 1980, p. 14
  30. ^ http://www.iihl.org/iihl/Documents/Summer%20Course%202009.pdf
  31. ^ http://www.faz.net/IN/INtemplates/faznet/default.asp?tpl=common/zwischenseite.asp&dx1={2F7DA1A0-C0C2-AAB8-0FA2-A51139BF3716}&rub={E9236266-3C6E-4937-AB14-A07CB297CA09}
  32. ^ "Irak/USA/UNO: Feilschen, tricksen, erpressen - US-Diplomatie im "Feilschen, tricksen, erpressen - US-Diplomatie im Sicherheitsrat"". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  33. ^ Lange, Gerhard. ""Niemand hat Bush zum Weltpolizisten bestellt"". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  34. ^ "Servez L'Eternnel avec Joie" Paroisse des Crêts, Grand Saconnex, Le Messager, July 2007, pp. 28-29
  35. ^ Commentary on the US Supreme Court Judgement on Guantanamo, in the German daily Die Welt, 1 June 2004, "Das Gericht hätte eine Frist setzen müssen". See also Harvard Law School Yearbook 1970 p. 187, 194, 218
  36. ^ de Zayas, Alfred-Maurice: A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansing of the Eastern European Germans 1944-1950, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994
  37. ^ Kittel, Manfred (2007). Die Vertreibung der Vertriebenen. Munich: Oldenbourg Verlag. pp. 119, 158, 164.
  38. ^ Ahonen, Pertti (2003). After the Expulsion. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 20–21.
  39. ^ MacDonough, Giles (2007). After the Reich. London: John Murray Publishers. pp. 126, 556, 585 ff. There is a similar lack of documentation in English on events in Czechoslovakia. The best remains Alfred M. de Zayas's Nemesis at Potsdam (London 1979)
  40. ^ Miskolc Journal of International Law
  41. ^ de Zayas, Alfred-Maurice. "International Law and Mass Population Transfers". Harvard International Law Journal. 16: 207–258.
  42. ^ de Zayas, Alfred-Maurice (1977). Nemesis at Potsdam. Routledge.http://hermes.zeit.de/pdf/archiv/1977/20/Poker-in-Potsdam.pdf (Book review in Die Zeit)
  43. ^ See Chapter by Dr. Raymond Lohne in Steven Vardy/Hunt Tooley (eds.) "Ethnic Cleansing in 20th Century Europe", Columbia University Press, New York, 2003 http://hungarianhistory.com/lib/vardy/vardy.doc
  44. ^ Chicago Sun Times, Sunday, November 28, 1993
  45. ^ "Professor recalls post-WWII atrocities". Chicago Daily Law Bulletin: 3–4. 1993-11-19.
  46. ^ DePaul University Reporter, Vol. VII, No. 5, January 234, 1994, p.4
  47. ^ de Zayas, Alfred-Maurice, The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau, 1939-1945, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, USA, 1989, pp. xiii-xiv.
  48. ^ "Fast ein Klassiker". 2006-07-06. Retrieved 2007-12-06. http://hermes.zeit.de/pdf/archiv/1980/05/Die-Verbrechen-der-anderen.pdf (book review in Die Zeit)
  49. ^ "Article". Tribune de Genève: 11. 4 March 1998.
  50. ^ "Article". Tribune de Genève: 8. 12 February 2000.
  51. ^ "Article". Tribune de Genève. 7 February 2003.
  52. ^ "Article". UN Special: 28–29. 2002. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  53. ^ "International Geneva - Welcome Centre - International Circles".
  54. ^ "UN Round table on human dignity at centre of human rights, moderated by Alfred de Zayas,".
  55. ^ "Points-Cœur".
  56. ^ http://portal.ohchr.org/extranet/docs/Pblist_fulldata.pdf
  57. ^ "Millennium Solidarity Geneva Group - Millénium Solidarité Groupe de Genève".
  58. ^ CONGO - Welcome
  59. ^ Geneva International Peace Research Institute | BIENVENUE ! | ACCUEIL - SOMMAIRE
  60. ^ http://www.cetim.ch/fr/act_cfirak.php, and GCAP Global Call for Action against Poverty
  61. ^ Global Call to Action Against Poverty (GCAP) — Global Call to Action Against Poverty (GCAP)
  62. ^ CSP - Manifestations: 09 juin 2005 à 11 h.30
  63. ^ §
  64. ^ Civil Society Development Forum 2007
  65. ^ Diva International.“Life motivations in Geneva - A new international centre for life management skills and well-being”
  66. ^ 60 Ans Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l'Homme, UN Special December 2008, pp. 10-12 http://www.unspecial.org/UNS679/t24.html
  67. ^ http://www.fund-culturadepaz.org/spa/04/LIBROS/Luarca_Declaration.pdf
  68. ^ http://europenews.dk/en/node/20786
  69. ^ (http://www.currentconcerns.ch/index.php?id=299
  70. ^ http://www.ngoic.org/_upload/2007/9/12-9-2007_Human_Rights_to_Peace-231808.doc
  71. ^ http://www.aedidh.org/?q=node/1263
  72. ^ a b http://kmsnews.org/news/ichr-organises-interactive-dialogue-geneva
  73. ^ Current Concerns, October 2007 No. 14, p. 8
  74. ^ "Abogan por la paz". Diario de las Americas. 2007-09-21. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  75. ^ "September 21 : International Day of Peace The Luarca Declaration and the Human Right to Peace". DIVA International. 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  76. ^ http://draftinghumanrights.berkeley.edu/drafters_profiles
  77. ^ de Zayas translation of Hesse in Bernward Koch-Boehm's CD-recording with Erdenklang/da music, Nr. 61182. Deutsche Austrophon GmbH, D-49356 Diepholdz, 2008, "Montagnola. Dedicated to Hermann Hesse. Meditative Piano Improvisations"
  78. ^ "Fondation Rainer Maria Rilke: Les conférences et lectures". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  79. ^ "International PEN". Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  80. ^ Diva International.Chez Alfred de Zayas - fête de la " Genève internationale "
  81. ^ "Le cercle de poètes qui libère les onusiens". Tribune de Genève. 2004-02-12.
  82. ^ UN Special, April 1998, "Célébration des lettres: dixième soirée littéraire de la Socété des écrivains des Nations Unies"
  83. ^ U.N. Special, April 2006, pp. 38-39.
  84. ^ http://www.unspecial.org/UNS680/t24.html
  85. ^ http://www.unspecial.org/UNS682/t82.html
  86. ^ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 4 December 2001. The eulogy was read by the Berlin historian Alexander Demandt.
  87. ^ Stuttgarter Zeitung 11 December 2007, p.22 the Eulogy was read by the Tübingen Professor and former Dean of the Law Faculty Thomas Oppermann
  88. ^ Geislinger Zeitung, 28 July 2008
  89. ^ de Zayas, Alfred (1992). "The Wehrmacht Bureau on War Crimes". Historical Journal. 35: 383–400.http://www.jstor.org/view/0018246x/di013476/01p0343y/0
  90. ^ review by Professor Max E. Riedlsperger in German Studies Review, Vol. 4, No. 1 (Feb., 1981), pp. 150-151. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0149-7952(198102)4%3A1%3C150%3ADWUAUA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-8
  91. ^ Benjamin Ferencz, Die Wehrmacht Untersuchungsstelle, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 75, pp. 403-405 http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9300(198104)75%3A2%3C403%3ADWDEUA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G
  92. ^ Christopher Greenwood, The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau, The Cambridge Law Journal, 1990, pp. 148-149
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