Mesohyl

The mesohyl, formerly known as mesenchyme, is the gelatinous matrix within a sponge. It fills the space between the external pinacoderm and the internal choanoderm. The mesohyl resembles a type of connective tissue and contains several amoeboid cells such as amebocytes, as well as fibrils and skeletal elements. For hundreds of years, it has been largely accepted that sponges lack true tissue, but it is currently debated as to whether mesohyl and pinacoderm layers are in fact tissues.

The mesohyl is composed of the following main elements: collagen, fibronectin-like molecules, galectin, and a minor component, dermatopontin. These polypeptides form the extracellular matrix which provides the platform for specific cell adhesion as well as for signal transduction and cellular growth.

References

• Lytle, Charles F., and John R Meyer. General Zoology Laboratory Guide, Fourteenth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005.

• Muller, Werner E.G. Metazoan Complexity: Porifera as Integrated Animals. Integrated Computational Biology, 43:3-10, 2003.