United States Civil Service Commission
The United States Civil Service Commission was created by the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which was passed into law on January 16, 1883. The commission was created to administer the civil service of the United States federal government in response to the assassination of President James Garfield by Charles Guiteau, who is said to have been a rejected office seeker. Guiteau wanted a job via the spoils system, also known as patronage, and Chester Arthur didn't want to continue the system that killed his predecessor. The law required certain applicants to take the civil service exam in order to be given certain jobs; it also prevented elected officials and political appointees from firing civil servants, removing civil servants from the influences of political patronage and partisan behavior.[1]
Effective January 1, 1978, the commission was renamed the Office of Personnel Management under the provisions of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 (43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783) and the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978. In addition, several of its functions were spun off to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the Office of Special Counsel (OSC).
Presidents of the commission
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- Dorman B. Eaton, 1883-1886 [2]
- John H. Oberly, 1886-1888
- Theodore Roosevelt, 1889-1895
- John R. Procter, 1896-1903
- John C. Black, 1904-1913
- John A. McIlhenny, 1913-1919
- William C. Deming, 1923-1930
- Thomas E. Campbell, 1930-1932 [3] [4]
- Harry Brown Mitchell, 1933-1951 [5]
- Alan K. Campbell, 1977-1978
Alan Campbell 1979–1981 Don Devine 1981–1985 Constance Horner 1985–1989 Constance Newman 1989–1993 Kay Coles James 2001–2005 Linda M. Springer 2005–2008 (Acting) Michael Hager 2008–2009 (Acting) Kathie Ann Whipple 2009
See also
References
- ^ Creating America: A History of the United States, Rand McNally, p 238 (2003)
- ^ Foulke, W. D. Fighting the spoilsmen: reminiscences of the civil service reform movement (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1919), 8.
- ^ http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=23216
- ^ http://jeff.scott.tripod.com/Campbell.html
- ^ http://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/8105086
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